This is a phenomenological study on the experience of wellness of counselor education students who are mothers. The study used seven participants in two rounds of interviews and one focus group. Participants were of varying stages of motherhood and at different points in their doctoral journey. Findings included participants' views of motherhood and womanhood, sacrifices and rewards, counselor education program support, wellness, and dissonance of multiple roles. Findings were compared within and across cases using themes and categories. Suggestions for further research are made as well as implications for this population and counselor education.

Perceptions of HIV and AIDS are inextricably linked to stigma and discrimination and perceptions of HIV positive mothers are particularly complex. In order to obtain a perspective on social perceptions of HIV positive mothers this study interviewed eight HIV negative, workingclass mothers. By focusing on HIV negative mothers, who shared the social category of motherhood (thereby providing an insider perspective), HIV was fore-grounded and social perceptions of HIV was explored from an outsider perspective. A vignette was used to facilitate a semi-structured interview which explored issues around general perceptions of the HIV positive individual (with a particular focus on issues around stigma and blame); perceptions of HIV positive motherhood and perceptions of the impact of maternal HIV on the child. Interview data was analysed using a qualitative thematic analysis. Results highlighted that motherhood from the perspective of the mother was perceived differently to motherhood from the perspective of the child. From the perspective of the mother, respondents identified with the HIV positive mother as a black, working-class mother and viewed her as ‘normal’ and ‘ordinary.’ Identifying infected mothers as part of the group of black, working-class women, respondents drew on their similarity of being powerless in heterosexual relationships. Thus respondents viewed HIV positive mothers as blameless victims when they became infected as their perception was that promiscuity was not a part of motherhood. When motherhood was considered from the perspective of the child, respondents viewed the HIV positive mother as a soon-to-be absent mother who continued to infect her child. The infected mother was perceived to have a relatively short lifespan and as such was perceived to fail in her duty as mother when she was not available to ensure that her child developed normally. Respondents perceived that the absent and unavailable infected mother produced children who are socially, morally and developmentally disadvantaged when they are teased and ostracized by society, fail to grow and develop normally and eventually turn into criminals.

Dawson, Elizabeth Marcelle. / "2002年11月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 124-130). / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 11 yue". / Dawson, Elizabeth Marcelle. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 124-130). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一部份： --- 宗教和性別硏究向度的電影分析 / Chapter 第一章 --- 宗教硏究與電影 --- p.7 / Chapter 一 --- 史背景與發展 --- p.7 / Chapter (1) --- 哲學的分析進路 --- p.10 / Chapter (2) --- 基督宗教的分析進路 --- p.11 / Chapter (3) --- 電影與神話的關係 --- p.13 / Chapter (4) --- 女性主義的分析進路 --- p.15 / Chapter 二 --- 「宗教電影」與「具宗教性的電影」之間的異同 --- p.16 / Chapter 三 --- 小結 --- p.19 / Chapter 第二章 --- 女性主義電影評論 --- p.21 / Chapter 一 --- 歷史背景與發展 --- p.21 / Chapter (1) --- 觀影經驗 --- p.23 / Chapter (2) --- 電影觀者論 --- p.25 / Chapter (3) --- 觀眾與認同 --- p.27 / Chapter (4) --- 女性與慾望 --- p.29 / Chapter (5) --- 作者論 --- p.31 / Chapter 二 --- 女性主義電影評論的硏究局限 --- p.33 / Chapter 三 --- 小結 --- p.35 / Chapter 第二部份： --- 電影文本分析 / Chapter 第三章 --- Ingmar Bergman的電影特色一宗教與性別問題指涉 --- p.37 / Chapter 一 --- 作者位置 --- p.38 / Chapter 二 --- Bergman電影中的宗教意識一一趟追尋生命意義的旅程 --- p.40 / Chapter 三 --- Bergman電影中的性別意識一永不終止的兩性矛盾 --- p.43 / Chapter 四 --- 對Bergman電影的詮釋´ؤ´ؤ內省的創作歷程 --- p.47 / Chapter 五 --- 小結 --- p.49 / Chapter 第四章 --- 《哭泣與耳語》文本分析：「死亡」與「母性」 --- p.50 / Chapter 一 --- 影像/音響特質與文本_ --- p.50 / Chapter 二 --- 四位女性的故事 --- p.53 / Chapter 三 --- 小結 --- p.61 / Chapter 第五章 --- 《哭泣與耳語》中的死亡意象所表現的宗教意識 --- p.62 / Chapter 一 --- 《哭泣與耳語》的「死亡」表現 --- p.63 / Chapter 二 --- 存在主義理解下的死亡「焦懼」 --- p.67 / Chapter 三 --- 《哭泣與耳語》影像符號的宗教意義指涉 --- p.75 / Chapter 四 --- 小結 《哭泣與耳語》中對死亡的討論 --- p.81 / Chapter 第六章 --- 從母性表現談《哭泣與耳語》中的性別問題 --- p.83 / Chapter 一 --- 《哭泣與耳語》中的母親形象 --- p.84 / Chapter 二 --- 基督教的母親形象一完美的理想母性 --- p.93 / Chapter 三 --- 「母親」的社會角色與文化涵意 --- p.95 / Chapter 四 --- 小結《哭泣與耳語》中對母性的討論 --- p.99 / 總結：硏究發現與期望 --- p.101 / Chapter 一 --- 整體研究發現 --- p.101 / Chapter 二 --- 詮釋 《哭泣與耳語》文本的啓發 --- p.104 / Chapter 三 --- 電影文本的持續硏究 --- p.106 / <附錄> / Chapter I --- 《哭泣與耳語》分場表 --- p.108 / Chapter II --- 參考圖片 --- p.117 / Chapter III --- Ingmar Bergman 作品年表 --- p.119 / Chapter IV --- 專用名詞 --- p.122 / 參考書目 --- p.124

The untitled memoir focuses on a young woman with a troubling past and possibly bright future. Having a drug addict as a mother who was either abusive or absent causes tension in Tara’s life when she finds out she is pregnant with twins. Tara must learn how to be a mother without having a good example or someone to turn to for motherly advice. Interspersed between chapters from her childhood are vignettes that follow and track the pregnancy. The vignettes show the uneasiness and hopeful aspect of becoming a mother and the growth that Tara must go through herself in just 9 months from being a lonely child who had to see and deal with adult things way to young, to a woman ready to raise her own children.

No description available.

The popularity and pervasiveness of eugenic discourse during the modernist period in England and Ireland raised many questions about race, class, and gender. While Hitler's Nazi "experiment" ultimately demonstrated the consequences of implementing eugenic ideas, forcing eugenicists to abandon, or at least mask, their theories, the eugenics movement before World War II attracted scholars, scientists, and literary figures with disparate political and social agendas. One of the most significant impacts of eugenic thought was the position in which it placed women who, as a result of the various women's movements, were beginning to forego marriage in favor of education and careers. Eugenicists reconfigured motherhood as a tool for preserving and improving the race, seeking to return educated bourgeois women to the home and forcing them to choose between enjoying their newly won emancipation and "saving" the human race. This project examines the works of G.B. Shaw, W.B. Yeats, and Emily Lawless, who all participated in the discourse of motherhood and eugenics, though from very different political perspectives, each infusing their literature with eugenic language that reflects both the larger eugenic ideas of their era and their own separate social visions. / Graduation date: 2002

This thesis traces the immigration of "model minority" mothers: Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, from their home countries to the United States. It examines the reasons women immigrate to the United States, the situations into which they immigrate, and the ways that they adapt traditional East Asian modes of mothering and child rearing techniques to life in the United States. This thesis finds that Chinese, Japanese, and Korean women emigrate to the United States primarily under the direction of male figures of authority. Motivators of their emigration include leaving poverty and war in their own countries, joining husbands or potential husbands in the United States, hoping to escape the cultural restrictions of their home countries, or becoming prostitutes. As these women make their own way in the United States, they find themselves encountering immense cultural difficulties, not the least of which is the alteration of their role as mothers as they try to raise their children in an entirely new cultural context. Despite the hopes of many of these women, what they find in the United States is not a life of leisure and wealth; rather, they are forced into positions in which they must work for long hours outside the home to provide economically for their families as well as raise their children and care for the home. This thesis finds that memoirs, novels, biographies, autobiographies, narratives, historical accounts, and sociological data highlight several major areas of adaptation for these women including: the differences in these women's sense of community in America, their expectations of the educational system in the United States, the reversal of power in the use of language between mother and daughter, and the complex measures of adaptation to and rejection of U.S. cultural norms that mothers must implement while raising their children. Rather than being crushed by the labor that they must perform and the cultural adaptations that they must make, these women willingly sacrifice their lives to build a base upon which their children can succeed through the attainment of higher education leading toward upward mobility.

No description available.

This qualitative study was undertaken for the purpose of answering the following two research questions: (a) What is the personal meaning and experience of mothering for women who feel they are actively resisting the Western dominant discourse on mothering?, and (b) How are these personal meanings and experiences grounded in the participants' personal contexts as well as in dominant and alternative discourses and discursive practices? Fifteen women ranging in age from 23 to 46 years, who self identified as actively resisting the dominant discourse, were interviewed about their mothering experiences. Their interviews were transcribed and analyzed following a critical interpretive approach (Cushman, 1995; Packer & Addison, 1989). In answering the first research question three themes were identified: (a) resisting is rewarding and liberating, (b) resisting entails juggling and balancing, (c) resisting entails cognitive work, refraining, and reconciling. Although acknowledging the pragmatic and cognitive challenges inherent in so doing, the women in the study experienced a sense of empowerment and pride in their choice to resist. In answering the second question, participants' identified concrete structural barriers to their efforts to mother differently and acknowledged the importance of supportive partners, friends, extended family members, education, financial resources, and flexible employment as critical in their efforts to resist having their own needs completely subjugated to those of their children. Participants drew on the discourses of feminism, achievement, individualism, collectivity, self-care, science, attachment, and alternative medicine in supporting their efforts to resist. They positioned themselves as caring responsible mothers, independent women, educated/professionals, critical thinkers, and activists. The findings suggest that in positioning themselves in opposition to the dominant, 'selfless mother' discourse, the participants were faced with negotiating between multiple and often contradictory discourses. In particular, the women in the study struggled to negotiate between the selfless mother and the individual rights/self actualization discourses. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the perception of resistance may be as important in engendering a sense of agency for women who mother, as the actual manifestation of resistance in their mothering practices. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for research, theory, and clinical practice.

The purpose of this thesis was to examine the complex relationship that exists between lone motherhood and sex work. Utilizing the idea of particularlism, I argue that it is important to understand the environmental context of mothers and the variety and uniqueness of women’s experiences in order for the state to respond with directed policies for lone parents. In order to discover whether or not sex workers who are single mothers have unique needs and experiences, I conducted 15 semi structured interviews with independent escort workers from Toronto and Edmonton. The interviewees reported leading a double life characterized by shame, fear, stigmatization and discrimination. It was discovered that the double life which many women live is not only stressful, but is also a serious impediment to their ability to effectively parent. I argue that it is the current legal status of sex work which poses barriers to these women in achieving financial stability, equal rights, social comfort, access to quality services, and child support; all of which are points that are integral to effective parenting. As such, I assert that decriminalization and the recognition of sex work as work, grants these women access to the support that other working mothers may have, but also directs attention to the societal stigma and discrimination that moralizes and punishes sex workers. Ultimately, I contend that when sex workers are granted equal rights and access to supportive institutions they are capable of effective parenting. Beyond decriminalization, I make a series of recommendations based on the needs expressed throughout the interviews. The implementation of these recommendations could be hastened by decriminalization and a strong sex workers union. They include: flexible child care, altered service delivery, a non judgmental legal system and sensitivity training. / Thesis (Master, Political Studies) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-28 14:37:18.798