The Mountain Home (MH) geothermal system of the western Snake River Plain (SRP) magmatic province was discovered in 2012 by the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project. Artesian flowing water with a temperature of 150°C was encountered at a depth of 1745 m below ground surface (mbgs) and extensive mineralized fracture networks of pectolite-prehnite, calcite, and laumontite were discovered in the recovered core. The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe the thermal and compositional history of past geothermal fluids, and 2) compare these fluids to modern fluids in order to characterize the evolution of the MH geothermal system and the geothermal potential of the western SRP. Core observations, thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and Electron Microprobe analyses were performed in order to describe mineral parageneses of various alteration zones. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios along with temperatures of homogenization from fluid inclusions in hydrothermally precipitated calcite were measured along ~100 m of basalt core from 1709-1809 mbgs. The d13CPDB values in calcite range from -7.2 to -0.43 ‰ and d18OPDB values range between -20.5 and -15.9 ‰. An anomalous zone from 1722-1725 m depth displays a range in d13CPDB and d18OPDB of -1.9 to +0.88 ‰ and -17.1 to -8.1 ‰, respectively, suggesting non-equilibrium fractionation due to boiling. Carbon isotopic ratios suggest a mixture of deep-seated mantle derived and meteoric fluids. Fluid inclusion microthermometry has identified primary inclusions with trapping temperatures ranging from 168-368°C. A calcite-water geothermometer used to calculate paleo-fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-0.43 to +7.2 ‰ SMOW) and a comparison with present-day fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-3.2 ‰ SMOW) reveals a cooling trend with potential mixing of meteoric waters and deeply derived fluid. The MH geothermal system has cooled over time and reflects potentially less, if any magmatic fluid input presently into the system as there was in the past.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第18619号 / 情博第543号 / 新制||情||96(附属図書館) / 31519 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科社会情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 守屋 和幸, 教授 吉川 正俊, 准教授 小山 里奈 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

The Proterozoic syn-orogenic supra-crustal package exposed in the Tusas Mountain Range in northern New Mexico includes the anomalously thick, clean, ultramature Ortega Formation quartzite (Bauer and Williams, 1989). A unique Mn-bearing horizon spans the basal contact of the quartzite and contains Mn-andalusite, quartz, hematite, rutile, zircon, monazite, phyllosilicates, and locally kyanite and gahnite in intermittent aluminous, hematite-bearing layers, on the surface of cross-beds, concentrated in high strain zones, and on cleavage planes. Large-scale Mn zoning in Mn-andalusite results from a decrease in Mn content away from localized Mn highs (XMn of up to 0.76) that commonly correspond with the location of high-Mn core regions. High Mn core regions are included in Mn-andalusite, preserve some of the earliest fabrics, and are associated with sedimentary structures (i.e. cross beds and graded beds). Both hematite and rutile from the Mn horizon are rich in trace elements, and hematite contains zones of rutile mineralization that create patchy/mottled, wormy, cross-hatched, and/or banded textures within the hematite that could be linked with oxidation-exsolution textures in ilmenite and spinel. The Mn horizon may be a result of (1) the formation of an Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide crust through extensive lateritic weathering of the metavolcanic units and/or (2) the chemical deposition of Fe and Mn phases in an oxygen stratified enriched basin environment. Mn-andalusite preserves subtle textures in the Mn distribution and interference colors of the birefringence that can be used to understand mineral replacement and microstructural relationships in otherwise an well-annealed quartzite. A feathery texture that resembles the vi crystal habit of a phyllosilicate, such as pyrophyllite, locally preserves crenulation cleavages. High-Mn halos around kyanite and localized areas of low Mn content in Mn-andalusite that mimic crystal shapes together represent areas of kyanite replacement. The general tectonic histories preserved in the Mn-andalusite layer of the Hopewell Lake-Jawbone Mountain area, Quartzite Peak, and Kiowa Mountain of the Tusas Mountains include the growth of an M1 mineral assemblage in association with D1 (kyanite and/or pyrophyllite), the growth of an M2 assemblage post-D2 (kyanite and/or Mn-andalusite), and the growth of an M3 assemblage syn-D3 (a second generation of kyanite and/or Mn-andalusite). In the Hopewell Lake-Jawbone Mountain region, Mn-andalusite of the Hopewell anticline preserves phyllosilicate defined crenulation cleavages while the Jawbone syncline is dominated by a history of only kyanite growth suggesting a metamorphic divide between the anticline and syncline that could be a result of the movement along a late-stage D3 fault at or near Route 64. At Kiowa Mountain, high-Mn halos and low Mn regions suggest that Mn-andalusite replaced kyanite when changing P-T conditions during M2 lead to an Mn-andalusite-only M2 assemblage. Textures preserved in the Mn-distribution and interference colors of Mnandalusite are an essential tool for understanding the structural and metamorphic histories of the Mn horizon and the Ortega Formation quartzite.

A long-standing question in ecology is understanding how the environment structures species occupancy in space and time. Specifically, identifying associations between environmental drivers - climate and land cover - and species occupancy is crucial to predicting species distributional dynamics in the future. Over the last century, research on the abiotic drivers of species occupancy has largely focused on temperate regions. Tropical mountain ecosystems harbor extraordinary levels of diversity and face some of the highest anthropogenic pressures of climate and land cover change. Yet, such regions have remained historically understudied. Bird species, due to their sheer diversity and occurrence across climatic zones and land cover types, are an ideal model for understanding how climate and land cover structure occupancy in space and time. The goal of this dissertation is to disentangle spatial and temporal associations between environmental drivers - climate and land cover - and bird species occupancy along a tropical montane gradient. I use an integrative approach that relies on citizen science, historical ecology, and bioacoustics to study bird communities in the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot of southern India. In Chapter 1, we used observations from the world’s largest citizen science database, eBird, to ask how contemporary climate and land cover are associated with bird species occupancy across the Nilgiri and the Anamalai hills of the Western Ghats. We show that the occupancy of several forest specialist birds was negatively associated with temperature seasonality, highlighting narrow thermal niches for such species. We also show that a small number of generalist bird species are positively associated with human-modified land cover types. In Chapter 2, we combined colonial-era and modern datasets on bird species observations and land cover to ask how a century of landscape change across the Nilgiri hills has impacted bird communities. Between 1848 and 2017, 75% of grassland habitat across the Nilgiri hills was lost toward timber plantation and cash crop expansion. Such drastic declines in grassland habitat have resulted in declines in species persistence and relative abundance of grassland specialist birds over the last century. As a result, the functional trait space has undergone biotic homogenization. In Chapter 3, we ask if the reversal of landscape changes significantly affects bird communities. Using passive acoustic monitoring, we examined the impacts of ecological restoration on bird communities and other vocalizing fauna along a gradient of forest regeneration (consisting of actively restored, naturally regenerating, and mature benchmark sites) in the Anamalai hills. Encouragingly, we show that the bird community composition of actively restored sites is transitioning toward mature benchmark sites. However, when we moved beyond birds, we found that vocalizations at higher frequencies (> 12 kHz) were largely missing from actively restored and naturally regenerating sites, while the same frequency space was occupied in mature benchmark sites. Taken together, we find that climate and land cover are key determinants of bird species occupancy in the Western Ghats, and in a globally changing world, conservation interventions such as ecological restoration along with the preservation of naturally occurring land cover types are key to sustaining montane avifauna in the long run.

The chief purpose of this study is to provide information on the habitat and breeding information of Magnolia Warblers on Unaka Mountain. Magnolia Warblers breed in Canada and the Northeastern United States. There are no current breeding records for this species in Tennessee. For the habitat analysis, trees were identified on individual subplots. Shrubs were analyzed using the point-intercept method. Most of the major tree and shrub species were different than those found in Maine, which is a major breeding region for this species. Therefore, it's the structure of the habitat that is important for nesting. Fledglings were seen, giving solid proof of breeding. This study is important because it provides proof of a new breeding bird in Tennessee, and establishes habitat information necessary for its conservation.

Mountain Mission School of Grundy, Virginia, founded by Samuel Robinson Hurley in 1921, is an anomaly of the mission school era of 1880 to 1940. Unlike other mission schools, Mountain Mission School was independent from its inception and was founded by a self-taught, self-made millionaire from southwest Virginia. The school's purpose to "reclaim" the child from material and spiritual poverty lay in Hurley's desire to develop a child's mind, body, and soul through a Christian, industrial education. Through personal commitment to the school and tireless fund-raising efforts for the school, he inspired others to continue the mission he began. Primary sources from Radford University, Milligan College, and Mountain Mission School, plus contemporary articles published in the Christian Standard, defend these claims.

This study investigates how James Baldwin thought about history and treats his first novel as an important document in extricating his construct of the past. A close reading of the work reveals that it is an examination rather than a symptom of two powerful forces that dominate Baldwin's psychology, his father and his history. James Baldwin felt the individual interpretation of one's experience is just as important as the experience itself. The novel is an informative exposition of how people interpret their experience and how that interpretation affects their psychology. Through Go Tell It on the Mountain Baldwin recreates the personal history he knows little about and is afforded a psychological freedom he would have never known without its completion. This study illuminates how useful fiction is to one's historical conscience and perception. The research exposes how important a sense of history is to the formation of identity.

During field experience as a storyteller constructing a performance based on the Battle of Kings Mountain on behalf of the Overmountain Victory Trail Association and the Overmountain Victory National Historic Trail, I encountered ethical and philosophical dilemmas. This challenge centered on ethical and spiritual convictions that put me in potential conflict with the task of creating a performance about war. This experience forms the basis of an autoethnographic approach to the art form, revealing the critical role played by personal ethics and a functioning engagement with historiography and narrative theory in producing effective performance stories. Historical performance storytelling has little developed theoretical discourse that takes into account contemporary theories of historiography and interpretation. My experience suggests that interdisciplinary thought on narrative, counternarrative, performance, and historiography should be incorporated by storytellers to aid in the production of ethical and effective historical storytelling performances.