In recent years, there has been a ood of continuously changing information from a variety of web resources such as web databases, web sites, web services and programs. Online Social Networks (OSNs) represent such a eld where huge amounts of information are being posted online over time. Due to the nature of OSNs, which o er a productive source for qualitative and quantitative personal information, researchers from various disciplines contribute to developing methods for extracting data from OSNs. However, there is limited research which addresses extracting data automatically. To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no research which focuses on tracking the real time changes of information retrieved from OSN pro les over time and this motivated the present work. This thesis presents di erent approaches for automated Data Extraction (DE) from OSN: crawler, parser, Multi Agent System (MAS) and Application Programming Interface (API). Initially, a parser was implemented as a centralized system to traverse the OSN graph and extract the pro- le's attributes and list of friends from Myspace, the top OSN at that time, by parsing the Myspace pro les and extracting the relevant tokens from the parsed HTML source les. A Breadth First Search (BFS) algorithm was used to travel across the generated OSN friendship graph in order to select the next pro le for parsing. The approach was implemented and tested on two types of friends: top friends and all friends. In case of top friends, 500 seed pro les have been visited; 298 public pro les were parsed to get 2197 top friends pro les and 2747 friendship edges, while in case of all friends, 250 public pro les have been parsed to extract 10,196 friends' pro les and 17,223 friendship edges. This approach has two main limitations. The system is designed as a centralized system that controlled and retrieved information of each user's pro le just once. This means that the extraction process will stop if the system fails to process one of the pro les; either the seed pro le ( rst pro le to be crawled) or its friends. To overcome this problem, an Online Social Network Retrieval System (OSNRS) is proposed to decentralize the DE process from OSN through using MAS. The novelty of OSNRS is its ability to monitor pro les continuously over time. The second challenge is that the parser had to be modi ed to cope with changes in the pro les' structure. To overcome this problem, the proposed OSNRS is improved through use of an API tool to enable OSNRS agents to obtain the required elds of an OSN pro le despite modi cations in the representation of the pro le's source web pages. The experimental work shows that using API and MAS simpli es and speeds up the process of tracking a pro le's history. It also helps security personnel, parents, guardians, social workers and marketers in understanding the dynamic behaviour of OSN users. This thesis proposes solutions for web database processing on data extraction from OSNs by the use of parser and MAS and discusses the limitations and improvements. / Taibah University

As autonomous ground vehicles grow in popularity,it is of interest to study how they could coordinate together andhow the technical systems can be implemented in a safe andeffective manner. The objective of this report is to examine howto autonomously move a formation of vehicles without collisionswith obstacles or other vehicles. This is done by considering threefundamental aspects: trajectory tracking, formation control andcollision avoidance. Firstly a trajectory tracking controller for anindividual vehicle is implemented, with the function of followinga desired trajectory. Secondly a displacement-based formationcontrol is explored for two models, the double-integrator modeland the nonholonomic model, with the objective of coordinatingmultiple vehicles to keep a certain formation. Lastly collisionavoidance is integrated in the formation control by adding arepulsive term to the formation controller. It is shown thatthe agents maintained formation while avoiding collision withobstacles and other agents. The implemented controllers wereverified through simulations in MATLAB. / Eftersom autonoma markfordon blir allt mer vanligt är det vikt att studera hur de kan samordna tillsammans och hur de tekniska systemen kan implementeras på ett säkert samt effektivt sätt. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur man autonomt kan flytta en formation av fordon utan kollisioner med hinder eller med andra fordon. Detta görs genom att tre grundläggande aspekter övervägs: projektilspårning, formationshållning och kollisionsundvikande. Först implementeras en regulator för projektilsspårning, där funktionen är att följa en önskad bana. Därefter undersöks två modeller inom förskjutningsbaserad formationshållning, med ambitionen att samordna alla fordon för att behålla formationen. Slutligen så integreras metoder för kollisionsundvikning med formationshållning genom att lägga till bortstötande teknik i regulatorn för formationshållning. Det visades att fordonen lyckades med att upprätthålla formationen samtidigt som kollisioner mellan hinder och andra fordon undveks. De implementerade regulatorerna verifierades genom simuleringar i MATLAB. / Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2021, KTH, Stockholm

L’hétérogénéité de croissance est un problème récurrent en aquaculture dont le déterminisme est le résultat d’une interaction complexe de nombreux facteurs: alimentaires, populationnels, environnementaux et génétiques. Nous avons développé un modèle individu-centré (système multi-agent) pour reproduire in silico les phénomènes biologiques sous-jacents (Mo.B.I.Fish : Model of Behavioral Interaction of Fish). La première étape a consisté en l’élaboration d’un modèle de croissance capable de modéliser la prise de poids d’un poisson en fonction de son ingéré. Deux types de modèles ont été évalués (Scope For Growth et Dynamic Energy Budget) sur des données expérimentales de croissance et le SFG a été retenu. Il a ensuite été utilisé en validation pour évaluer l’importance de l’ingéré et d’autres facteurs dans l’hétérogénéité de croissance. La deuxième étape de modélisation a consisté en l’élaboration d’un modèle simulant les interactions sociales entre poissons. Ces interactions ont été simulées par un système multi agents qui reproduit des séries de combats entre deux individus dont l’issue est dépendante de leur poids, de leurs interactions passées, de leur génétique et d’un effet aléatoire. Le résultat de ces combats influence leur nourrissage individuel. A l’aide de 2 expérimentations ad hoc de croissance de perche en circuit fermé, nous avons pu calibrer et valider le modèle de façon à estimer l’importance des différents facteurs dans le déterminisme des combats. La comparaison entre le modèle et les données a été faite sur les variables « poids moyen »« coefficient de variation » et « coefficient de corrélation de Spearman ». Il est apparu ainsi que la taille avait une faible importance, et que le déterminisme des combats pouvait être, en première approche considéré comme purement aléatoire. L’effet mémoire permet de simuler le désordre des rangs de poids des poissons entre le début et la fin de la période de croissance / Growth heterogeneity is a recurrent problem in fish aquaculture. Its determinism is the result of complex interactions between numerous factors: feeding rate, social interactions, environmental conditions and genetics. We developed an individualized based model (multi-agent system) to reproduce in silico biological phenomena (Mo.B.I.Fish : Model of Behavioral Interaction of Fish). The first step of modelling consisted of choosing a model that could simulate growth knowing the food intake. Two models were compared (Scope For Growth and Dynamic Energy Budget) to experimental data of growing fish: we finally chose the SFG. This model was used in validation to evaluate the relative influence of the food intake (combined with other factors) on growth heterogeneity. The second step of modelling consisted of building a model which simulated social interactions between fish. These interactions were simulated with a multi-agent system that reproduced fights between two fish, in which the final result depended on the weight, experience of each fish, genetic and random effect. The result of the fight had direct influence on the individual intake. Two experiments were conducted on perch in recirculating system, which provided to us data to both calibrate and validate the model. The output of the model was the mean weight, the coefficient of variation of the weight and the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of fish weight. Hence we could estimate the relative importance of each factor in the determinism of the fights. We observed that size had little or no effect, and that the determinism could be considered as completely random. The experience effect also allowed simulating accurately the rank of the weight of fish between the beginning and the end of the experiments

Face à une situation de crise sanitaire liée à l’apparition d’une pandémie de grande envergure, des mesures adéquates doivent rapidement être prises pour la contenir tout en préservant la capacité de production de l’économie. D’autre part, beaucoup de travaux sont réalisés dans le domaine de la diffusion de la propagation d’une épidémie. C’est pourquoi, nous accentuons notre apport à un décideur afin de lui permettre de maintenir les fonctions minimums de survie de la société dans le cadre d’une crise sanitaire. Ainsi, nous proposons un modèle d’aide à la décision de gestion de crise sanitaire. Par ailleurs, la société est située au coeur de notre modèle. Nous sommes donc amenés à considérer un certain nombre d’interactions directes et indirectes entre divers individus. La théorie des graphes, et principalement les graphes aléatoires, permettent de gérer une à une ces relations. Or, dans notre cas, la gestion des relations une à une n’est pas appropriée d’autant plus que les relations peuvent varier sous l’influence de facteurs incontrôlables. Cela nous a conduits à proposer un modèle mathématique de réseaux stochastiques basé sur une extension de la théorie des graphes aléatoires. Il s’agit de la prétopologie stochastique qui est issue du couplage de deux théories mathématiques fondamentales, la prétopologie classique et les ensembles aléatoires. La simulation de notre modèle est effectuée selon une approche multi-agents. Nous avons opté pour cette approche car nous souhaitons mettre en place un modèle d’aide à la décision. Cette méthode va donc nous permettre de faire des simulations et des analyses de sensibilités. Nous avons une représentation explicite des comportements des individus qui ne sont pas figés. Située entre la théorie et l’ensemble des données de l’expérience, l’approche multi-agents permet de prendre en compte de manière simultanée les comportements individuels, les interactions entre les individus et les hypothèses dynamiques formulées dans le modèle. Cette approche sera couplée au système d’information géographique afin de considérer l’aspect spatial. Considéré comme un « oignon », le système d’information géographique permet d’exploiter différentes données et de les superposer sous forme de couches. Disposant de données épidémiologiques provenant des Groupes Régionaux d’Observation de la Grippe (GROG) et des données sociodémographiques issues de l’Institut National de la Statistique et des Etudes Economiques (INSEE), nous pourrons tester la robustesse de notre modèle. / To manage a public health crisis resulting from an outbreak of a large-scale pandemic, it is necessary to be capable of taking adequate measures very quickly. These measures must be taken to protect the productive capacity of the economy. Consequently, I have focused on the development of a « decision-making support » model with hybrid agents simulating the spreading of a pandemic, which is established on the medical characteristics of the virus as well as the socioeconomic structure of the concerned geographical zone. This socioeconomic structure being at the centre of the model, a pretopological modelling of the concept of social network is therefore proposed and integrated into the approach agent.

La dispersion spatiale de l'habitat et des activités de ces dernières décennies a fortement contribué à un allongement des distances et des temps de trajets domicile-travail. Cela a pour conséquence un accroissement de l'utilisation des voitures particulières, notamment au sein et aux abords des grandes agglomérations. Afin de réduire les impacts dus à l'augmentation du trafic routier, des services de covoiturage, où des usagers ayant la même destination se regroupent en équipage pour se déplacer, ont été mis en place partout dans le monde. Nous présentons ici nos travaux sur le problème de covoiturage régulier. Dans cette thèse, le problème de covoiturage régulier a été modélisé et plusieurs métaheuristiques de résolution ont été implémentées, testées et comparées. La thèse est organisée de la façon suivante: tout d'abord, nous commençons par présenter la définition et la description du problème ainsi que le modèle mathématique associé. Ensuite, plusieurs métaheuristiques pour résoudre le problème sont présentées. Ces approches sont au nombre de quatre: un algorithme de recherche locale à voisinage variable, un algorithme à base de colonies de fourmis, un algorithme génétique guidée et un système multi-agents génétiques auto-adaptatif. Des expériences ont été menées pour démontrer l'efficacité de nos approches. Nous continuons ensuite avec la présentation et la résolution d'une extension du problème de covoiturage occasionel comportant plusieurs destinations. Pour terminer, une plate-forme de test et d'analyse pour évaluer nos approches et une plate-forme de covoiturage sont présentées dans l'annexe. / Nowadays, the increased human mobility combined with high use of private cars increases the load on environment and raises issues about quality of life. The extensive use of private cars lends to high levels of air pollution, parking problem, traffic congestion and low transfer velocity. In order to ease these shortcomings, the car pooling program, where sets of car owners having the same travel destination share their vehicles, has emerged all around the world. We present here our research on the long-term car pooling problem. In this thesis, the long-term car pooling problem is modeled and metaheuristics for solving the problem are investigated. The thesis is organized as follows. First, the definition and description of the problem as well as its mathematical model are introduced. Then, several metaheuristics to effectively and efficiently solve the problem are presented. These approaches include a Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithm, a Clustering Ant Colony Algorithm, a Guided Genetic Algorithm and a Multi-agent Self-adaptive Genetic Algorithm. Experiments have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of these approaches on solving the long-term car pooling problem. Afterwards, we extend our research to a multi-destination daily car pooling problem, which is introduced in detail manner along with its resolution method. At last, an algorithm test and analysis platform for evaluating the algorithms and a car pooling platform are presented in the appendix.

[pt] Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta um método para simular cenas de mar para TV/Cinema com um grande número de agentes de vários tipos (embarcações, portos, pessoas, ...) para produções com elevado grau de realismo de imagem e comportamento dos agentes. Este método usa modelagem em lógica nebulosa (fuzzy) e programação no sistema MASSIVE de maneira a integrar os resultados com sistemas de rendering e composição de imagens de alta resolução. Um objetivo importante desta dissertação é criar um sistema que facilita o trabalho de modeladores e designers envolvidos no pipeline de produção. / [en] This MSc dissertation presents a method to simulate sea scenes for TV / Film with a large number of agents of various types (vessels, ports, people ...) for productions with a high degree of realism in both image and agent s behavior. This method uses modeling in fuzzy logic and programming in the MASSIVE system as the main approach to integrate the results with rendering systems and high-resolution images composition. An important goal of this dissertation is to create a system that facilitates the work of modelers and designers involved in the production pipeline.

[pt] Pesquisas recentes em Virtualização de Redes focaram no problema conhecido como ossificação da Internet (Anderson et al., 2005), onde múltiplas redes virtuais (Virtual Networks - VN) independentes (Anderson et al., 2005) que exibem um alto grau de autonomia compartilham recursos físicos e podem prover serviços com diferentes graus de qualidade. Nesse sentido, pesquisas na área de Redes de Computadores e Sistemas Distribuídos deram passos evolutivos em repensar o projeto e os princípios arquiteturais de uma VN (Blumenthal e Clark, 2001) (Houidi et al., 2008). Entretanto, até onde sabemos, houve pouca investigação sobre o comportamento autonômico de tais arquiteturas (Prehofer e Bettstetters, 2005) (Movahedi et al., 2012). Sendo assim, esta pesquisa descreve uma tentativa de aplicar princípios de Sistemas Multi-Agentes (Multiagent Systems - MAS) para projetar um modelo autonômico e auto-adaptativo para o gerenciamento de redes virtuais (Virtual Networking Provisioning - VNP). Modelo esse que preenche uma lacuna na atual arquitetura da Internet. Além disso, fornecemos uma análise dos requisitos de um gerenciador auto-adaptativo para projetar um modelo autonômico confiável que é capaz de auto-organizar seus próprios recursos, sem controle, externo, para lidar com mudanças no ambiente. Tal comportamento adaptativo será necessário tendo em vista que a próxima geração da Internet está em evolução. Através da nossa avaliação, demonstramos que o modelo atinge seu propósito principal de auto-organizar uma VN eficientemente, dado que ele é capaz de antecipar cenáris críticos e executar planos adaptativos correspondentes. / [en] Recent research in Network Virtualization has focused on the Internet ossification problem (Anderson et al., 2005) whereby multiple independente virtual networks (VN) (Anderson et al., 2005) that exhibit a high degree of autonomy share physical resources and can provide services with varying degrees of quality. Thus, the Network field has taken evolutionary steps on re-thinking the design and architectural principles of VN (Blumenthal e Clark, 2001) (Houidi et al., 2008). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been little investigation into the autonomic behaviourof such architectures (Prehofer e Bettstetter, 2005) (Movahedi et all., 2012). This paper describes na attempt to use Multiagent System (MAS) principles to design na autonomic and self-adaptative model for virtual network provisioning (VPN) that fills a gap in the current Internet architecture. In addition, we provide na analysis of the requirements of self-adaptive provisioning for designing a reliable autonomic model that is able to self-organize its own resources, with no external control, in order to cope with environment changes. Such behavior will be required as the next negeneration Internet evolves. Through our evaluation, we demonstrate that the model achieves its main purpose of efficiently self-organizing the VN, since it is able to anticipate critical scenarios and trigger corresponding adaptive plans.

Dans la gestion des systèmes de production de soins, la maîtrise des flux hospitaliers et l'anticipation des tensions sont des enjeux majeurs. Les acteurs du secteur hospitalier et des filières de soins doivent maîtriser des tensions telles les pics d'activités et les engorgements de services qui sont liées aux flux des patients et aux flux des processus de soins. Ils sont toutefois démunis en méthodologies et outils d'aide à la décision et de pilotage adaptés. Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier et de développer la modélisation, l'optimisation et la mise en œuvre d'un Système d’Aide à l’amélioration de la prise en charge des patients en mode normal et en mode tension dans les Services des Urgences Pédiatriques (SUP) du CHRU de Lille. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des solutions appropriées au SUP permettant d’améliorer la prise en charge des patients en termes de temps d’attente. Nous avons donc modélisé le processus de prise en charge des patients par l’approche Workflow afin d’identifier les dysfonctionnements au SUP près cette phase de modélisation, nous avons proposé une architecture de résolution à base d’agents afin d’optimiser l’ordonnancement des flux patients et diminuer considérablement leur temps d’attente en périodes des tensions. Ensuite nous avons étudié une démarche d’orchestration dynamique du Workflow par les agents afin de réduire les temps d’attentes des patients en cours d’exécution. Cette these est menée dans le cadre du projet ANR HOST avec la collaboration du SUP de CHRU de Lille. Les résultats des simulations mettent en exergue l’apport de l’alliance entre les systèmes multi-agent et l’optimisation pour l’aide à la décision. / In the healthcare production management systems, the control of the patient flows and the anticipation of the tensions are major issues. Due to the increasing the crowding situations and their consequences, there is an ever increasing emphasis on the ability of the actors in hospital and healthcare pathways to manage the patient health care process. They must be able to control the crowding (peaks of activities, congestion of services) that are related to patient and healthcare processes flows. However, decision makers do not have sufficient methodologies and decision support tools adapted for controlling the patient flows.This thesis aims to investigate and develop modeling, optimization and implementation of a Support System to improve the care of patients in normal situation and crowding situation in Services Pediatric Emergencies (SUP) of the Lille University Hospital. The objective of this thesis is to propose appropriate solutions to the SUP to improve care for patients in terms of wait times. We therefore modeled the process of care for patients by Workflow approach to identify malfunctions in the SUP near the modeling phase; we proposed a resolution of agent-based architecture to optimize scheduling patient flow and significantly decrease their waiting time during periods of tension. Then we studied a dynamic process orchestration workflow by agents to reduce the expectations of patients running time. This thesis is conducted under the ANR HOST project in collaboration with the Lille University Hospital SUP. The simulation results highlight the contribution of the alliance between the multi-agent systems and optimization for decision support

Ces travaux de recherche présentés dans cette thèse s’intègrent dans le cadre d’un partenariat entre Generix Group, éditeur de logiciels collaboratifs pour l’écosystème du commerce, et l’École Centrale de Lille portant sur la réalisation d’un système d’aide au déplacement des opérateurs intégrant la Réalité Augmentée (RA) dans le domaine de la supply chain. Dans la gestion des entrepôts, la préparation des commandes représente un processus important. Avoir une gestion optimisée des entrepôts en aidant les opérateurs à travailler dans des meilleures conditions est un enjeu majeur. Le but de cette thèse est de proposer un Système d’Aide à la Décision (SAD) dans les entrepôts pour l’optimisation des processus de picking et putting. L’aspect dynamique et ouvert du problème nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent. Le système multi-agent proposé s’appuie sur les méta heuristiques pour gérer l’affectation aux opérateurs des chemins optimisés de préparation de commandes. Le système d’Alliance entre l’Optimisation et les Systèmes Multi-agent (AOSMA) proposé est basé sur une approche de modélisation, optimisation et simulation orientée agent intégrant la technologie des lunettes à RA. En effet, les lunettes connectées permettent d’afficher d’une manière confortable dans le champ de vision de l’opérateur les informations nécessaires afin d’améliorer l’efficacité et le rendement et de réduire les erreurs de picking et putting. Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l’alliance entre les Systèmes Multi-Agent et l’optimisation tout en intégrant la nouvelle technologie de RA pour assurer le pilotage des parcours de picking et putting / The research presented in this thesis belongs to a partnership between Generix Group, collaborative software vendor for Retail ecosystem, and the Ecole Centrale of Lille which aims to implement a Support System for Travel (SST) distance of pickers integrating Augmented Reality (AR) in the area of the supply chain. In warehouse management, order picking is an important process. Having an optimized warehouse management by helping order pickers to work in better conditions is a major issues. The aim of this thesis is to propose a Decision Support System (DSS) in warehouses to optimize picking and putting processes. The dynamic and open aspect of the problem has led us to adopt a multi-agent modelling approach. The proposed multi-agent system is based on metaheuristics to manage the optimized paths allocation to order pickers. The Alliance between the Optimization and Multi-Agent System (AOMAS) proposed is based on a modeling approach, optimization and agent-oriented simulation integrating Augmented Reality (AR) Smart Glasses. Indeed, the connected glasses can display in the operator's field of vision the necessary information to improve efficiency and effectiveness and reduce errors in picking and putting. The experimental results presented in this thesis, justify the alliance between the multi-agent systems and optimization integrating the new AR technology to ensure the piloting of picking and putting path.

A capacidade de reconfiguração de sistemas de manufatura tem sido procurada pelas empresas para assegurar características de agilidade, eficiência e exibilidade para atender as mudanças de tipo/quantidade de produtos, processos, recursos e, além disso, para assegurar a devida reação à ocorrência de falhas. Por outro lado, a Indústria 4.0\" impõe novos desafios para os sistemas de controle, tais como a integração de tecnologias de interação entre homem e máquina em cadeias de valor compondo uma rede de plantas industriais geograficamente dispersas. O controle de sistemas reconfiguráveis de manufatura deve considerar: (i) funcionalidades de sistemas distribuídos e dispersos, tais como agilidade de resposta às mudanças, autonomia e colaboração entre os componentes para alcançar os objetivos do sistema de forma conjunta; (ii) interfaces para sua interoperabilidade e portabilidade; (iii) modularização para facilitar a manutenção, expansão e atualização do sistema, evitando a sobreposição de escopos; e (iv) mecanismos de controle para supervisionar as ações e interações dos componentes, o diagnóstico e a tomada de decisão. O pleno atendimento a estes requisitos não é trivial e formalismos para o desenvolvimento de soluções devem ser adotados. Uma solução é combinar técnicas voltadas para sistema multiagente e holon com arquitetura orientada a serviço através de uma adequada técnica de modelagem usando extensões de rede de Petri: Production Flow Schema e Input Output Place Transition. Portanto, este trabalho prop~oe uma arquitetura de controle e o método de modelagem de seus componentes para sistemas reconfiguráveis de manufatura combinando estas técnicas e considerando os aspectos de personalização, convertibilidade, escalabilidade, modularidade, integrabilidade, diagnosticabilidade, interoperabilidade e colaboração entre os componentes do sistema de controle, inclusive do homem. Um exemplo de aplicação é apresentado para demonstrar a viabilidade da proposta e comprovar os resultados alcançados. / The reconfiguration ability of the manufacturing systems has been approached by companies to ensure agility, efficiency and exibility characteristics to address the changes of type/quantity of products, processes and resources and, furthermore, to ensure proper reaction to the fault occurrence. On the other hand, the\"Industry 4.0\" imposes new challenges for control systems, such as interaction between man and machine into value chains composing a network of geographically dispersed industrial plants. The control of reconfigurable manufacturing systems should consider: (i) functionalities requirements of distributed and disperse systems, such as responsiveness to changes, autonomy and collaboration among components to achieve the global system aim; (ii) interfaces for interoperability and portability; (iii) modularity to facilitate maintenance, expansion and upgrade of the system, avoiding the overlapping of scopes; and (iv) control mechanisms to supervise the actions and interactions among components, diagnosis and decision making. The compliance with these requirements is not trivial and formalisms to develop solutions must be adopted. A solution is combining techniques based on holonic and multi-agent system with service-oriented architecture through appropriate modeling using Petri net extensions: Production Flow Schema and Input Output Place Transition. Therefore, this paper proposes control architecture and a method to model components for reconfigurable manufacturing systems, combining these techniques and considering aspects of customization, convertibility, scalability, modularity, integrability, diagnosability, interoperability and collaboration among control system components, including humans. An application example is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposal and verify the results.