The thesis aims to illustrate and highlight the potential of graphene-based fillers in reinforcing organic coatings deposited by cataphoresis. Thanks to particular surface modification processes of the graphene flakes, these have been properly distributed within the polymer matrix, providing the composite coating with remarkable protective performance. The optimization of the deposition process parameters, as well as the amount of filler, also allowed to improve the mechanical and conductivity properties of the cataphoretic matrix, suggesting the possibility of realizing multifunctional coatings. Finally, these ’smart’ coatings were made by combining two deposition techniques, creating two layers with distinct purposes, containing different types of graphene-based fillers. The cataphoretic primer provided the substrate with high corrosion protection, while the spray top coat possessed high properties of electrical conductivity and resistance to abrasion phenomena. Ultimately, graphene has proven to be an excellent resource as a reinforcing filler in multifunctional organic coatings.

De nombreuses applications modernes nécessitent l’utilisation de matériaux transparents dans le visible et le proche infrarouge. C’est le cas des vitrages pour le bâtiment, des vitres de voitures ou encore d’écrans de téléphone portable. La stratégie mise en place dans ces travaux de thèse est d’obtenir en surface d’un verre sodo-calcique, un matériau barrière aux propriétés similaires à la silice. Deux approches de traitements de surface visent à d’une part, modifier la chimie de surface par un traitement sous champ électrique assisté par voie thermique et d’obtenir une couche riche en SiO2 en surface. D’autre part, un revêtement est déposé sur le verre sodo-calcique, utilisé ici comme substrat. Ce dépôt se fait par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron et permettra de mettre en forme un matériau composite SiO2-TiO2 aux propriétés optiques de transparence et mécaniques de dureté optimisées et d’y associer des propriétés photocatalytiques performantes. / Many applications of the modern wolrd need transparent material especially in the visible range and near-IR. That is the case for windows for building or car, laptop screen. The purpose is to obtain a silica rich layer on the top of a soda-lime glass with similar properties to silica. Two ways have been defined. The first one is thermal poling treatment which consist in a thermal treatment electric field assisted to modify the surface chemistry and monitoring a silica rich layer on the top. The second way is to get a thin film by magnetron sputtering on the top of the soda-lime glass used here as substrate. A SiO2-TiO2 material is got with efficient optical properties of transparencey and mechanical properties (hardness). Photocatalytic activity have been demonstrated and provide self-cleaning properties.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Lately, we have witnessed a growing concern about determining energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Large part of the energy spent is directly related to the friction and wear. Likewise, there a growing demand for production of mechanical systems of high efficiency. To develop systems that are more economical, noiseless and not harmful to the environment, there is a limit imposed by materials and conventional surface treatment. Thus, critical tribological contacts and possible new materials have been intensively investigated. Solid lubrication and solid lubricants are emerging as a promising alternative to control friction and wear in mechanical systems modern. The use of multifunctional coatings have been studied and used in modern mechanical systems, so that the final properties depend on the system composed of substrate - coating - environment. This study aims to optimize the thickness of multifunctional coatings with potential for use in mechanical systems of high efficiency, particularly on soft substrates. The aim is an optimization using the principles of contact mechanics, together with strength criteria to analyse stress and strain. Efficient techniques to characterize the coatings, and powerful simulation tools in the stress analysis of multifunctional coatings were used. The results showed that the thickness of the coating plays an important role on coating properties. / Ultimamente, tem-se presenciado uma preocupação cada vez mais determinante quanto ao consumo energético e emissões de poluentes. Grande parte da energia gasta está relacionada diretamente com o atrito e o desgaste. Há igualmente uma demanda crescente por produção de sistemas mecânicos de alta eficiência, mas, também, para desenvolver sistemas cada vez mais econômicos, silenciosos e não prejudiciais ao meio ambiente, havendo um limite imposto por materiais e tratamento de superfícies convencionais. Assim, a tribologia de contatos críticos e possíveis novos materiais estão sendo amplamente pesquisados. A lubrificação sólida e lubrificantes sólidos estão aparecendo como uma alternativa promissora para controlar o atrito e o desgaste nos sistemas mecânicos modernos. A utilização de revestimentos multifuncionais tem sido estudada e aplicada nos sistemas mecânicos modernos, de modo que as propriedades finais resultantes sejam dependentes do sistema substrato-revestimento-ambiente. O presente trabalho busca a otimização de tribo revestimentos multifuncionais com potencial para a aplicação em sistemas mecânicos de alta eficiência, particularmente sobre substratos macios. Busca-se essa otimização por meio da análise de tensões e deformações, as quais são compreendidas através do princípio da mecânica do contato, juntamente com os critérios de resistência. Usam-se técnicas de caracterização de revestimentos amplamente usadas e eficientes, como também ferramentas de simulação poderosas na análise de tensões de revestimentos multifuncionais. Os resultados demonstram que a espessura do revestimento tem um papel importante na origem das propriedades do revestimento. / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica

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