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Optimizing hydraulic reservoirs using euler-eulerlagrange multiphase cfd simulationMuttenthaler, Lukas, Manhartsgruber, Bernhard 25 June 2020 (has links)
Well working hydraulic systems need clean hydraulic oil. Therefore, the system must ensure the separation of molecular, gaseous, liquid and solid contaminations. The key element of the separation of contaminants is the hydraulic reservoir. Solid particles are a major source of maintenance costs and machine downtime. Thus, an Euler-Euler-Lagrange multiphase CFD model to predict the transport of solid particles in hydraulic reservoirs was developed. The CFD model identifies and predicts the particle accumulation areas and is used to train port-to-port transfer functions, which can be used in system models to simulate the long-term contamination levels of hydraulic systems. The experimental detection of dynamic particle contamination levels and particle accumulation areas validate and confirm the CFD and the system model. Both models in combination allow for parameter and design studies to improve the fluid management of hydraulic reservoirs.
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METHODS AND ANALYSIS OF MULTIPHASE FLOW AND INTERFACIAL PHENOMENA IN MEDICAL DEVICESJavad Eshraghi (12442575) 21 April 2022 (has links)
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<p>Cavitation, liquid slosh, and splashes are ubiquitous in science and engineering. However, these phenomena are not fully understood. Yet to date, we do not understand when or why sometimes the splash seals, and other times does not. Regarding cavitation, a high temporal resolution method is needed to characterize this phenomenon. The low temporal resolution of experimental data suggests a model-based analysis of this problem. However, high-fidelity models are not always available, and even for these models, the sensitivity of the model outputs to the initial input parameters makes this method less reliable since some initial inputs are not experimentally measurable. As for sloshing, the air-liquid interface area and hydrodynamic stress for the liquid slosh inside a confined accelerating cylinder have not been experimentally measured due to the challenges for direct measurement.</p>
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Microstructural and mechanical nature of low alloy multiphase steel composed of ferrite, martensite, and austenite / フェライト、マルテンサイト、オーステナイトから成る低合金複相鋼の組織と力学特性Avala, Lavakumar 24 September 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第23507号 / 工博第4919号 / 新制||工||1768(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科材料工学専攻 / (主査)教授 辻 伸泰, 教授 安田 秀幸, 教授 奥田 浩司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Outils pour l'étude conjointe par simulation et traitement d'images expérimentales de la combustion de particules d'aluminium utilisées dans les propergols solides / Tools to study the combustion of aluminum particles used in solid propellants via numerical simulation and experimental-image analysisNugue, Matthieu 11 October 2019 (has links)
L’ajout de particules d’aluminium dans le chargement des moteurs à propergol solide améliore les performances propulsives, mais peut aussi entraîner différents phénomènes néfastes, dont des oscillations de pression. Des travaux de recherche sont réalisés depuis de nombreuses années afin d’améliorer la compréhension de ces phénomènes, notamment par l’utilisation de la simulation numérique. Cependant les données d’entrée de la simulation numérique, en particulier la taille et la vitesse initiale des particules d’aluminium dans l’écoulement, sont souvent difficiles à obtenir pour des propulseurs réels. L’ONERA développe depuis plusieurs années un montage d’ombroscopie permettant de visualiser les particules d’aluminium proches de la surface de petits échantillons en combustion. La présente étude porte sur le développement d’outils pour analyser les images expérimentales du montage d’ombroscopie et améliorer l’interaction avec la simulation numérique diphasique. Une première partie concerne des échantillons de propergol contenant des particules inertes, dont l’intérêt est de permettre de valider les méthodes de mesure sur des images relativement simple et avec des données de référence. Les outils mis en œuvre portent sur la détection et le suivi des particules dans des séquences d’image, ainsi que sur la localisation de la surface du propergol. Une bonne correspondance des distributions de taille a été obtenu avec les distributions de référence. La mise en vitesse des particules quittant la surface a été confrontée à un modèle simplifié de transport de particules dans un écoulement constant. L'utilisation de ce modèle a permis de souligner l'importance de la population de pistes détectées pour bien exploiter un profil de vitesse moyen, en particulier en termes de diamètre moyen. Une simulation numérique diphasique a ensuite été réalisée pour l’expérience d’ombroscopie. Différents paramètres ont été étudiées (type et taille de maillage, paramètres thermodynamiques...) afin d'obtenir un champ stationnaire simulé pour les gaz du propergol. Le mouvement des particules inertes simulées a pu être comparé aux profils expérimentaux pour différentes stratégies d'injection, soit en utilisant un diamètre moyen, soit à partir d’une distribution lognormale. L’autre partie de l'étude est consacrée à l’analyse des images expérimentales de la combustion de particules d’aluminium. La complexité des images dans ces conditions a conduit à utiliser une approche de segmentation sémantique par apprentissage profond, visant à classer tous les pixels de l'image en différentes classes, en particulier goutte d'aluminium et flamme d'aluminium. L’apprentissage a été mené avec une base restreinte d’images annotées en utilisant le réseau U-Net, diverses adaptations pour le traitement des images d’ombroscopie ont été étudiées. Les résultats sont comparés à une technique de référence basée sur une détection d’objets MSER. Ils montrent un net gain à l’utilisation de techniques neuronales pour la ségrégation des gouttes d'aluminium de la flamme. Cette première démonstration de l'utilisation de réseau de neurones convolutifs sur des images d'ombroscopie propergol est très prometteuse. Enfin nous traçons des perspectives côté analyse d’image expérimentales et simulation numériques pour améliorer l’utilisation conjointe de ces deux outils dans l’étude des propergols solides. / The addition of aluminum particles in the solid propellant loading improves propulsive performance, but can also lead to various adverse phenomena, including pressure oscillations. Research has been carried out for many years to improve the understanding of these phenomena, particularly through the use of numerical simulation. However, the input data of the numerical simulation, especially the size and the initial velocity of the aluminum particles in the flow, are often difficult to obtain for real rocket motors. ONERA has been developing a shadowgraphy set-up for several years to visualize aluminum particles near the surface of propellant samples in combustion. The present study deals with the development of tools to analyze the experimental images of the shadowgraphy set-up and to improve the interaction with the two-phase digital simulation. A first part concerns propellant samples containing inert particles, which interest is to make it possible to validate the measurement methods on relatively simple images and with reference data. The implemented tools concern the detection and the tracking of particles in image sequences, as well as the location of the surface of the propellant. Good correspondence of size distributions was obtained with reference distributions. The velocity of particles leaving the surface has been confronted with a simplified model of particle transport in a constant flow. The use of this model has made it possible to emphasize the importance of the population of detected tracks in order to make good use of an average velocity profile, particularly in terms of average diameter. A two-phase flow simulation was then carried out for the shadowgraphy experiment. Different parameters were studied (type and size of mesh, thermodynamic parameters ...) in order to obtain a simulated stationary field for propellant flow. The movement of the simulated inert particles could be compared to the experimental profiles for different injection strategies, either using a mean diameter or using a lognormal distribution. The other part of the study is devoted to the analysis of experimental images of the combustion of aluminum particles. The complexity of the images under these conditions has led to the use of a deep learning semantic segmentation approach, aiming to classify all the pixels of the image into different classes, in particular aluminum droplet and flame. The learning was conducted with a restricted base of annotated images using the U-Net neural network, with various adaptations on the processing of the experimental images were studied. The results are compared to a reference technique based on MSER object detection. They show a clear gain in the use of neural techniques for the segregation of aluminum drops of the flame. This first demonstration of the use of convolutional neuronal network on propellant shadowgraphy images is very promising. Finally, we draw perspectives on experimental image analysis and numerical simulation to improve the joint use of these two tools in the study of solid propellants.
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Pore-Scale Simulation of Cathode Catalyst Layers in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs)ZHENG, WEIBO 11 July 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Numerical models for degradation of concrete in hydraulic structures due to long-term contact with waterEriksson, Daniel January 2018 (has links)
The durability of concrete is of major concern in all types of concrete structures where the combined effect of exposure conditions and the type and quality of the concrete material usually determines the rate of degradation. Furthermore, there are synergy effects between different deterioration mechanisms, which means that the combined rate of degradation is higher than the sum of the individual rates of each mechanism. Therefore, to accurately predict the residual service life of existing structures or when designing new structures, it is essential to consider all these aspects. This means that various chemical and physical processes, as well as how these interact, must be taken into account in models aiming to be used for service life predictions. This thesis presents the first part of a research project with the aim to investigate common deterioration mechanisms of concrete in hydraulic structures, and to improve the knowledge how these and other related phenomena can be described using mathematical models. The objective is also to study how different mechanisms interact and to find suitable approaches to account for these interactions in the models. To this end, a literature survey on commonly detected damage in hydraulic structures is presented. In addition, it also addresses in what types of and where in hydraulic structures the various damage types are usually observed. The mathematical models presented in this part of the project are focused on long-term water absorption in air-entrained concrete as well as on freezing of partially saturated air-entrained concrete. Both models are based on a multiphase description of concrete and poromechanics to describe the coupled hygro-thermo-mechanical behaviour. The thesis also presents some of the basic concepts of multiphase modelling of porous media, including discretization of the models using the finite element method (FEM). Furthermore, it covers the simplifications that are usually introduced in the general macroscopic balance equations for mass, energy and linear momentum when modelling cement-based materials. To verify the developed models and to show their capabilities, simulation results are compared with experimental data, in situ measurements and other simulations from the literature. The results indicate that both models perform well and can be used to predict long-term moisture conditions in hydraulic structures as well as freezing-induced strains in partially saturated air-entrained concrete, respectively. Even though no interactions with other deterioration mechanisms are included in the models, the development and use of these have given insights to which parameters that are important to consider in such extensions. Furthermore, based on the insights gained, the complexity of describing the full interactions between several mechanisms in mathematical models is also discussed. It is concluded that models aiming to be used for service life predictions of hydraulic structures in day-to-day engineering work need to be simplified. However, the type of advanced models presented in this thesis can serve as a basis to study which aspects and parameters that are essential to consider in simplified prediction models. / Beständigheten hos betong är av avgörande betydelse i alla typer av betongkonstruktioner där den kombinerade effekten av exponeringsförhållanden samt typ och kvalitet på betongmaterialet vanligtvis avgör nedbrytningshastigheten. Dessutom finns synergieffekter mellan olika nedbrytningsmekanismer som innebär att den kombinerade nedbrytningshastigheten är större än summan av de enskilda nedbrytningshastigheterna. För att noggrant kunna prediktera den återstående livislängden hos befintliga konstruktioner eller vid design av nya konstruktioner är det därför viktigt att ta hänsyn till samtliga av dessa aspekter. Detta innebär att olika kemiska och fysikaliska processer, samt hur dessa interagerar med varandra, måste tas i beaktande i modeller som avses användas för livslängdsbedömningar. Den här licentiatuppsatsen presenterar den första delen av ett forskningsprojekt där målet är att studera vanligt förekommande nedbrytningsmekanismer i vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner och att öka kunskapen om hur dessa och andra relaterade fenomen kan beskrivas med matematiska modeller. Målet är också att studera hur olika nedbrytningsmekanismer samverkar och att hitta lämpliga tillvägagångssätt att ta hänsyn till dessa interaktioner i modellerna. För detta ändamål presenteras en litteraturstudie avseende vanligt förekommande skador i vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner. Dessutom behandlar denna i vilka typer av vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner och var i dessa som de olika typerna av skador vanligtvis observeras. De matematiska modeller som presenteras i denna del av projektet är inriktade på långtidsabsorption av vatten i lufttillsatt betong samt på frysning i delvis vattenmättad lufttillsatt betong. Båda modellerna är baserade på en multifasbeskrivning av betong samt poromekanik för att beskriva det kopplade hydro-termo-mekaniska beteendet. Uppsatsen presenterar också några av de grundläggande koncepten gällande multifasmodellering av porösa material, inklusive diskretisering av modellerna genom användning av finita elementmetoden (FEM). Dessutom beskrivs de förenklingar som vanligtvis införs i de generella makroskopiska balansekvationerna för massa, energi och rörelsemängd då cementbaserade material modelleras. Simuleringsresultat från de utvecklade modellerna jämförs med försöksdata, fältmätningar samt andra simuleringsresultat från litteraturen för att verifiera modellerna samt visa hur de beter sig. Resultaten visar att båda modellerna ger tillfredställande resultat och kan användas för att uppskatta de långsiktiga fuktförhållandena i vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner samt frysinducerade töjningar i delvis vattenmättad lufttillsatt betong. Även om inga interaktioner mellan andra nedbrytningsmekanismer inkluderades i modellerna, så har utvecklingen samt användandet av dessa gett insikter gällande vilka parametrar som är viktiga att beakta i sådana vidareutvecklingar. Baserat på dessa insikter diskuteras också komplexiteten i att beskriva interaktionen mellan flertalet mekanismer i matematiska modeller. Det konstateras också att modeller som avses användas i dagligt ingenjörsarbete för livstidsbedömningar av vattenbyggnadskonstruktioner behöver förenklas. Däremot kan den typ av avancerade modeller som presenteras i denna uppsats användas som en grund för att studera vilka aspekter och parametrar som är viktiga att beakta i förenklade modeller. / <p>QC 20180403</p>
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Multiphase Flow Effects on Naphthenic Acid Corrosion of Carbon SteelJauseau, Nicolas January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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CFD on Open Wet Cutch to Reduce Drag Losses / CFD av våta kopplingar för minskade förlusterDuraisamy, Rimmie January 2017 (has links)
As the need for highly efficient transmission systems increase, it is imperative to have lower fuel consumption levels. Hence, it becomes crucial to investigate and understand reasons behind various losses occurring within the system. Clutches and gears contribute to the major losses within a transmission system. In this thesis project, the drag losses in disengaged wet clutch is studied and efforts have been made to come up with solutions to reduce these losses. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used as tool to understand the oil flow in the clutch system. The thesis tasks focused on: - Better understanding of flow physics and oil inlet to the clutch pack - Design and analysis of groove patterns to reduce drag loss - Understand the effect of rotation of clutch discs on groove functionality - Development of a multiphase CFD model with realistic boundary conditions for clutch analysis Initially, the entire clutch pack is modelled to study the oil flow and estimate the amount of oil that is being pumped into the individual gaps between the steel plates and friction discs. To analyze different groove patterns, the clutch model was simplified and only the gap having higher mass flow rate has been considered for simulation. A background study has been done to understand the effect of different clutch parameters on drag losses. Based on the understanding from the literature study, two groove patterns- inclined grooves and waffle grooves have been designed and analyzed in this thesis work. A simplified model with periodic boundary condition and a complete single disc model have been set up and simulated to compare the two groove patterns. To reduce the computational time, at first, a periodic model is set up for groove study. Due to numerical instability observed in the results obtained by using model with periodic boundary condition, the complete single disc model is used for further groove study and comparison. To understand the effect of rotation on grooves, two models have been set up, one with stationary grooves and the other with rotating grooves. While performing the simulations, the temperature and the oil properties have been considered constant. As there were no test results available, the CFD results could not be validated. Convective heat transfer coefficient is estimated to compare the cooling effect of different grooves. An optimal groove pattern would be the one that dissipates oil faster and efficiently out of the clutch pack, and at the same time has better cooling effect. From the results obtained, the inclined grooves were more efficient than waffle grooves in dissipating oil and reducing drag losses. On the other hand, waffle grooves have higher convective heat transfer coefficient when compared to inclined grooves and are better for cooling. / På grund av de ökande kraven på transmissionssystemen är det av stort intresse att även öka deras verkningsgrad för att uppnå lägre bränsleförbrukning. Det blir då viktigt att förstå orsakerna bakom de förluster som uppstår inom systemet. Kopplingar och växlar bidrar till de största förlusterna inom ett transmissionssystem. I denna avhandling studeras strömningsförlusterna i en frånkopplad våtkoppling och försök görs att hitta lösningar för att minska dessa förluster. Computational Fluid Dynamics (numeriska flödesberäkningar) används som ett verktyg för att förstå oljeflödet i kopplingssystemet. Avhandlingens fokus ligger på följande områden: - Förbättra förståelsen för flödesfysik och oljetillförsel till kopplingspaketet - Design och analys av spårmönster för att minska strömningsförluster - Förstå effekten av kopplingsskivornas rotation på spårens funktion - Utveckling av en flerfas CFD-modell med realistiska randvillkor för kopplingsanalys Först modelleras hela kopplingspaketet för att studera oljeflödet och beräkna mängden olja som pumpas in i mellanrummen mellan stålplattorna och friktionsskivorna. För att analysera olika spårmönster förenklades kopplingsmodellen och endast det mellanrum med högst massflödeshastighet har beaktats för simulering. En bakgrundsstudie har gjorts för att förstå effekten av olika parametrar på strömningsförlusterna. Baserat på förståelsen från litteraturstudien har två spårmönster – lutande spår och våffelspår, utformats och analyserats i detta arbete. En nedskalad periodisk modell och en komplett enkelskivsmodell har skapats och simulerats för att jämföra de två spårmönstren. För att minska beräkningstiderna för simuleringarna, användes en periodisk modell för spårgeometristudien. På grund av numerisk instabilitet som observerades i resultaten från den periodiska modellen används den kompletta enkla skivmodellen för ytterligare analys och jämförelse. För att förstå rotationseffekten på spåren har två modeller upprättats, en med stationära spår och en med roterande spår. Under simuleringen har temperaturen och oljeegenskaperna antagits vara konstanta. Eftersom det inte fanns några testresultat tillgängliga kunde CFD-resultaten inte verifieras. Den konvektiva värmeöverföringskoefficienten uppskattades för att kunna jämföra hur kylförmågan påverkas av olika spårgeometrier. Ett optimalt spårmönster bör utformas sådant att det minskar förlusterna genom att skingra oljan snabbt och effektivt i hela kopplingspaketet, och samtidigt ger en bättre kylningseffekt. Enligt de erhållna resultaten var de lutande spåren effektivare än våffelspår i att skingra olja och reducera strömningsförluster. Å andra sidan ger spår med våffelmönster en högre konvektiv värmeöverföringskoefficient jämfört med lutande spår och därmed förbättrad kylförmåga.
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Investigation of fuel and water injection in gas turbine combustion : Evaluate the methodologies available in Star CCM+ for modeling of water injection in simplified combustor using liquid and gas fuelsShinwari, Sanger January 2023 (has links)
The negative impact of gas turbine emissions on the environment and human health is a growing concern. Recent studies suggest injecting water into the combustion process effectively reduces emissions and increases power output. However, this approach presents new challenges that need to be thoroughly investigated. Siemens Energy (SE) has recently conducted a study on water injection and its effects on gaseous combustion mixtures but encountere challenges the simulation results when adding water. Therefore, the primary objective of this thesis is to evaluate the methodologies available in Star CCM+ for modeling water injection in a simplified combustor model (SCM) using both liquid (diesel) and gas (methane) fuels. In addition, the behavior of the flame, temperature field inside the combustor, and burner outlet temperature, are investigated.The study has compared physical phenomena such as, the flame shape, velocity, and vorticity field of SCMs with the complete combustor model of the SGT-800 gas turbine for gas fuel. Additionally, the thesis has examined the capability of STAR CCM+ for predicting flame temperature at the outlet against in-house calculation data and Cantera software for parametric cases. The methodology involves a parametric study using the Realizable k-ε TwoLayer turbulence model for steady-state RANS simulations. Combustion is modeled using the FGM method, while Lagrangian multiphase approach is used for liquid injection.The employed FGM combustion model, Lagrangian multiphase model, and RANS simulations yielded realistic results. In addition, the convergence of gas fuel cases was smoother compared to liquid fuel cases, which involved multiphase modelling and evaporation, makes it more complex. The physical phenomena were captured by CFD simulations for the SCM. Flame shape, velocity and vorticity field have good agreement with the theory in the field of gas turbine combustion and other literature sources. Disagreements between CFD and in-house calculations were observed, with the greatest differences being 24 ℃ for premixed methane (at WFR (Water Fuel Ratio) of 0) and 28 ℃ for non-premixed diesel (at WFR of 1). On the other hand, Cantera results for Vapor and for methane cases with water addition were in limit of 10 ℃ with CFD results for WFR between 0-0.5. Nevertheless, achieving a simulation accuracy within a 10 ℃ limit proved challenging due to limitations and potential sources of error in the in-house calculation sheet, combustion modelling, RANS simulations, and reaction mechanism.
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Control Development and Design Optimization of Dual Three Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous MachinesCHOWDHURY, ANIK 27 October 2022 (has links)
No description available.
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