Real-time inspection based on machine vision technologies is being widely used in quality control and cost reduction in a variety of application domains. The high demands on the inspection performance and low cost requirements make the algorithm design a challenging task that requires new and innovative methodologies in image processing and fusion. In this research, an integrated approach that combines novel image processing and fusion techniques is proposed for the efficient design of accurate and real-time machine vision-based inspection algorithms with an application to the food processing problem. Firstly, a general methodology is introduced for effective detection of defects and foreign objects that possess certain spectral and shape features. The factors that affect performance metrics are analyzed, and a recursive segmentation and classification scheme is proposed in order to improve the segmentation accuracy. The developed methodology is applied to real-time fan bone detection in deboned poultry meat with a detection rate of 93% and a false alarm rate of 7% from a lab-scale testing on 280 samples. Secondly, a novel snake-based algorithm is developed for the segmentation of vector-valued images. The snakes are driven by the weighted sum of the optimal forces derived from corresponding energy functionals in each image, where the weights are determined based on a novel metric that measures both local contrasts and noise powers in individual sensor images. This algorithm is effective in improving the segmentation accuracy when imagery from multiple sensors is available to the inspection system. The effectiveness of the developed algorithm is verified using (i) synthesized images (ii) real medical and aerial images and (iii) color and x-ray chicken breast images. The results further confirmed that the algorithm yields higher segmentation accuracy than monosensory methods and is able to accommodate a certain amount of registration error. This feature-level image fusion technique can be combined with pixel- and decision- level techniques to improve the overall inspection system performance.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-04T18:53:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardoferreiralopes.pdf: 21783775 bytes, checksum: d202d27c32690c024b328c305f3f6b79 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-05T11:17:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardoferreiralopes.pdf: 21783775 bytes, checksum: d202d27c32690c024b328c305f3f6b79 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-05T11:17:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardoferreiralopes.pdf: 21783775 bytes, checksum: d202d27c32690c024b328c305f3f6b79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Esta tese tem por objetivo investigar possíveis alternativas estratégicas para o ensino do desenho de observação na arquitetura e urbanismo à luz da Fenomenologia da Percepção. Constata-se uma significativa mudança no pensamento e no comportamento das novas gerações de alunos ingressantes nas universidades, inseridas em uma cultura cada vez mais tecnológica e imagética, afetadas incessantemente por imagens visuais. As experiências vivenciais necessárias ao amadurecimento cognitivo estão se fundindo à velocidade e simultaneidade. A mudança no paradigma representacional implica em novas atitudes no âmbito da docência do ensino superior, o que incide no exercício de reflexão sobre outros caminhos para o ensino desta competência. Em oposição ao pensamento representacionista, argumenta-se a favor de um ganho cognitivo no aprendizado do desenho, ao promover atividades que primam pela produção de “imagens multissensoriais”, i.e. tomadas tanto na sua dimensão do sensível, quanto no campo da interpretação e da construção de novos significados possíveis. Emerge, pois, um desenho proveniente de sensações mediadas pelo corpo, memória e imaginação, sem se limitar à representação do quadro perspectivo abstrato, exterior e unicamente compromissado com a realidade visiva. Com efeito, priorizou-se por uma conduta de suspender preconceitos estéticos nos discentes, entendendo que estes, naturalmente associam a prática do desenho ao compromisso de descrição gráfica mimética do real. O desenho é compreendido como um meio dinâmico e ativo de se afetar, interagir e construir um sentido de mundo. A metodologia adotada envolve uma revisão teórica, histórica e filosófica, bem como estabelece uma análise fenomenológica, a partir de discursos apreendidos por meio da pesquisa-ação. A fim de confrontar o ensino do desenho tradicional com a abordagem pretendida, algumas experiências foram realizadas na Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (FAU-UFJF), Minas Gerais-MG, Brasil. Por fim, são aventadas algumas proposições embasadas na abordagem proposta, de forma direcionar os alunos para uma visão mais sensível em relação aos espaços arquitetônicos, urbanos e paisagísticos. / This thesis aims to investigate possible strategic alternatives for the teaching of observational drawing in architecture and urbanism in the light of the Phenomenology of Perception. It is noticed a significant change in the thinking and behavior of the new generations of students entering universities, inserted in an increasingly technological and imagetic culture, incessantly affected by visual images. The lived experiences necessary for cognitive maturation are merging with speed and simultaneity. The change in the representational paradigm implies new attitudes in the scope of higher education teaching, which focuses on the exercise of reflection on other ways to teach this competency. In opposition to Representationalism thinking, it is argued in favor of a cognitive gain in drawing learning by promoting activities that focus on the production of "multisensory images", ie. taken both in their dimension of the sensitive and in the field of interpretation and construction of possible new meanings. Thus, a drawing emerges from sensations mediated by the body, memory and imagination, without limiting itself to the representation of the abstract perspective picture plan, external and only committed to the visual reality. In fact, it was prioritized by a behavior of suspending aesthetic prejudices in the students, understanding that they naturally associate the practice of drawing with the commitment of mimetic description of the real. Drawing is understood as a dynamic and active way of affecting, interacting, and building a sense of the world. The methodology adopted involves a theoretical, historical and philosophical revision, as well as it establishes a phenomenological analysis, from discourses seized through action research. In order to compare the teaching of traditional drawing with the intended approach, some experiments were accomplished at the Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (FAU-UFJF), Minas Gerais-MG, Brazil. Lastly, some propositions based on the proposed approach are raised, in order to direct the students to a more sensitive view in relation to the architectural, urban and landscape spaces.