Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sartori_lr_me_prud.pdf: 1503241 bytes, checksum: 70f9983e4d75d8593ab7f2d397146db7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Imagens multiespectrais de alta resolução espacial podem se constituir em uma fonte de dados adequada para o mapeamento de processos associados ao desenvolvimento de culturas agrícolas, como a detecção de plantas daninhas. A aerofotogrametria convencional e imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial são alternativas para aquisição dessas imagens. Entretanto, devido ao custo elevado da aquisição destas imagens, tem sido desenvolvido, pelo Departamento de Cartografia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP de Presidente Prudente, um Sistema de Sensoriamento Remoto Aerotransportado (SRA), capaz de oferecer resolução espacial sub-métrica. Este trabalho considerou a hipótese de que a partir de imagens adquiridas pelo Sistema é possível discriminar graus de infestação de plantas daninhas em culturas de café. Para investigar esta hipótese, foi realizado o mapeamento de plantas daninhas utilizando dois diferentes métodos: classificação de imagens multiespectrais (classificação por redes neurais artificiais - RNA) e análise geoestatística (krigagem por indicação com dados indiretos). Os mapas temáticos foram submetidos à análise da qualidade temática. A krigagem por indicação apresentou resultados suavizados e confusos, ao contrário da classificação por RNA, a qual se constituiu num método eficiente para o objetivo proposto, confirmando a hipótese inicial da investigação. / Multispectral images with high spatial resolution can be a suitable data source for the mapping of processes associated to the crop development, as detection of weed. The aerial photogrammetry and satellite image of high spatial resolution are alternatives for the aquisition of these images. However, due to the high cost of these images, a Sistema de Sensoriamento Remoto Aerotransportado - SRA, which is capable of to offer sub-metric spatial resolution has been developed by the Department of Cartography, FCT/Unesp (Presidente Prudente). This work taked into account the hypothesis that is possible to discriminate infestation degree of weed in coffee crop from high spatial resolution multispectral images. To investigate this hypothesis, it was accomplished the mapping using two different methods: multispectral images classification (artificial neural networks classification) and geoestatistics analysis (Indicator kriging with soft data). The thematics maps were submitted to the analysis of thematic quality. The indicator kriging showed smoothed and confused results instead of the artificial neural networks classification, whose results were efficient for the purpose, confirming the initial hypothesis of the investigation.

S rychlým rozvojem technologie multispektrálního zobrazování v posledních desetiletích obrázky získané zobrazovacími systémy obsahují nejen barevná pásma RGB v každodenním životě, ale také mají multispektrální barevná pásma a vysoké prostorové rozlišení v multispektrálních obrazových datech. Díky tomu obrázky obsahují bohaté informace o charakteristických cílových oblastech. Fúze obrazu je také důležitou větví v oblasti zpracování obrazu, kde je více obrázků ze stejné oblasti ve stejné výšce sloučeno do jednoho obrazu. Poté se zlepší korelace mezi spektrálními informacemi multispektrálních obrazů. Aby se informace na obrázku neztratily. Tato práce obsahuje popis návrhu a implementace multispektrálního obrazového systému, předzpracování multispektrálních obrazů, fúzi multispektrálních obrazů a analýzu hlavních komponent. Nakonec je představeno hodnocení celého systému.

<p>High-throughput phenotyping has emerged as a powerful approach to expedite crop breeding programs. Modern remote sensing systems, including manned aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and terrestrial platforms equipped with multiple sensors, such as RGB cameras, multispectral, hyperspectral, and infrared thermal sensors, as well as light detection and ranging (LiDAR) scanners are now widely used technologies in advancing high throughput phenotyping. These systems can collect high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution data on various phenotypic traits, such as plant height, canopy cover, and leaf area. Enhancing the capability of utilizing such remote sensing data for automated phenotyping is crucial in advancing crop breeding. This dissertation focuses on developing deep learning and transfer learning methodologies for crop phenotyping using multi-modality remote sensing and environmental data. The techniques address two main areas: multi-temporal/across-field biomass prediction and multi-scale remote sensing data fusion.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Biomass is a plant characteristic that strongly correlates with biofuel production, but is also influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Previous studies have shown that deep learning-based models are effective in predicting end-of-season biomass for a single year and field. This dissertation includes development of transfer learning methodologies for multiyear,</p> <p>across-field biomass prediction. Feature importance analysis was performed to identify and remove redundant features. The proposed model can incorporate high-dimensional genetic marker data, along with other features representing phenotypic information, environmental conditions, or management practices. It can also predict end-of-season biomass using mid-season remote sensing and environmental data to provide early rankings. The framework was evaluated using experimental trials conducted from 2017 to 2021 at the Agronomy Center for Research and Education (ACRE) at Purdue University. The proposed transfer learning techniques effectively selected the most informative training samples in the target domain, resulting in significant improvements in end-of-season yield prediction and ranking. Furthermore, the importance of input remote sensing features was assessed at different growth stages.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Remote sensing technology enables multi-scale, multi-temporal data acquisition. However, to fully exploit the potential of the acquired data, data fusion techniques that leverage the strengths of different sensors and platforms are necessary. In this dissertation, a generative adversarial network (GAN) based multiscale RGB-guided model and domain adaptation framework were developed to enhance the spatial resolution of multispectral images. The model was trained on limited high spatial resolution images from a wheel-based platform and then applied to low spatial resolution images acquired by UAV and airborne platforms.</p> <p>The strategy was tested in two distinct scenarios, sorghum plant breeding, and urban areas, to evaluate its effectiveness.</p>

Les capteurs multi- et hyper-spectraux génèrent un énorme flot de données. Un moyende contourner cette difficulté est de pratiquer une acquisition compressée de l'objet multi- ethyper-spectral. Les données sont alors directement compressées et l'objet est reconstruitlorsqu'on en a besoin. L'étape suivante consiste à éviter cette reconstruction et à travaillerdirectement avec les données compressées pour réaliser un traitement classique sur un objetde cette nature. Après avoir introduit une première approche qui utilise des outils riemannienspour effectuer une détection de contours dans une image multispectrale, nous présentonsles principes de l'acquisition compressée et différents algorithmes utilisés pour résoudre lesproblèmes qu'elle pose. Ensuite, nous consacrons un chapitre entier à l'étude détaillée de l'und'entre eux, les algorithmes de type Bregman qui, par leur flexibilité et leur efficacité vontnous permettre de résoudre les minimisations rencontrées plus tard. On s'intéresse ensuiteà la détection de signatures dans une image multispectrale et plus particulièrement à unalgorithme original du Guo et Osher reposant sur une minimisation L1. Cet algorithme estgénéralisé dans le cadre de l'acquisition compressée. Une seconde généralisation va permettrede réaliser de la détection de motifs dans une image multispectrale. Et enfin, nous introduironsde nouvelles matrices de mesures qui simplifie énormément les calculs tout en gardant debonnes qualités de mesures. / Multi- and hyper-spectral sensors generate a huge stream of data. A way around thisproblem is to use a compressive acquisition of the multi- and hyper-spectral object. Theobject is then reconstructed when needed. The next step is to avoid this reconstruction and towork directly with compressed data to achieve a conventional treatment on an object of thisnature. After introducing a first approach using Riemannian tools to perform edge detectionin multispectral image, we present the principles of the compressive sensing and algorithmsused to solve its problems. Then we devote an entire chapter to the detailed study of one ofthem, Bregman type algorithms which by their flexibility and efficiency will allow us to solvethe minimization encountered later. We then focuses on the detection of signatures in amultispectral image relying on an original algorithm of Guo and Osher based on minimizingL1. This algorithm is generalized in connection with the acquisition compressed. A secondgeneralization will help us to achieve the pattern detection in a multispectral image. Andfinally, we introduce new matrices of measures that greatly simplifies calculations whilemaintaining a good quality of measurements.

Le contexte agricole actuel vise à réduire l’utilisation des produits phytosanitaires sur les parcelles. Dans ce cadre, la gestion des adventices consommant de grandes quantités d’herbicides est devenue une problématique majeure. Afin de mettre en place un outil de gestion localisée des adventices par drone, cette thèse étudie l’adaptation du système d’acquisition (drone + dispositif multispectral) actuellement proposé par AIRINOV à la détection des adventices sur des cultures sarclées. La chaîne d’acquisition a été modélisée afin d’évaluer l’impact de différents paramètres du modèle (filtres optiques et résolution spatiale) sur la qualité de la détection des adventices. Des orthophotographies et images ortho-rectifiées ont été acquises à l’aide d’un capteur multispectral (4 et 8 filtres) à des résolutions spatiales de 6 mm et 6 cm. Plusieurs méthodes de localisation des adventices adaptées à l’étude de ces images ont été développées. Elles reposent sur 1) l’analyse de la distribution spatiale de la végétation (détection de rang par la transformée de Hough et analyse de forme), 2) la classification spectrale des pixels (méthodes supervisées : LDA, QDA, distance de Mahalanobis, SVM). Enfin, une classification spectrale basée sur un apprentissage issu des informations spatiales été proposée, améliorant ainsi la détection des adventices.Des cartes d’infestation des parcelles et de préconisation en pulvérisation localisée ont alors été créées. / The agricultural framework aims to reduce pesticide use on fields. Weed management, which is highly herbicide consuming, became a great issue. In order to develop a weed management service using UAV, this PhD dissertation studies how to adapt the acquisition system (UAV + multispectral camera) developed by AIRINOV to detect weeds in row crops. The acquisition chain was modeled to assess some of its parameters (optical filters and spatial resolution) impact on weed detection quality. Orthoimages and orthorectified images were created using a multispectral camera (4 to 8 filters) with 6 mm to 6 cm spatial resolutions. Several weed location methods were specifically developed to study multispectral images acquired by UAV. They are based on 1) the analysis of vegetation spatial distribution (row detection using the Hough transform and shape analysis), 2) spectral classification of pixels (supervised methods: LDA, QDA, Mahalanobis distance, SVM). In order to improve weed detection, a spectral classification based on training data deduced from spatial analysis was then proposed.Weed infestation maps and recommendation for spot spraying applications were then produced.

La sécurité est un problème important dans la transmission et le stockage de l'image, tandis que le cryptage est un moyen d'assurer la sécurité qui est requise dans de nombreuses applications (télévision par câble, la communication d'images militaires, systèmes d'imagerie confidentielle, etc.). Toutefois, à l'instar du message texte, les données images présentent des caractéristiques spéciales telles que la haute capacité, la redondance et la haute corrélation entre les pixels, et nécessite souvent une transmission et des traitements temps réel pour certaines applications. Construire un système rapide et efficace de cryptographie d'images suscite un intérêt considérable. C'est dans ce contexte qu’ont été menés ces travaux thèse qui portent sur l’élaboration d’un corrélateur optique en termes de cryptage/décryptage des données pour son implémentation dans un montage optique innovant. L’objectif de ces travaux est de réaliser un système optique de chiffrement sur la base d'exploitation de transformation optique et de générateurs chaotiques. L'idée originale des travaux consiste à exploiter la non-linéarité des systèmes chaotiques comme clés de chiffrement pour les systèmes optiques de chiffrement d'images multispectrales. Dans ces travaux de thèse, nous avons proposés et évalués plusieurs chiffrements d'images à base d’un système hyperchaotique et de transformées optiques (gyrator, Fourier, Baker , Arnold et Gerchberg- Saxton) à partir d’un processus de cryptage reposant sur une décomposition composants RVB et un encodage dans un flux dimensionnel d’images couleurs. L'originalité des solutions de chiffrement adoptée reposent sur l'exploitation de signaux réellement aléatoires à travers la mise en œuvre de générateurs hyperchaotiques pour la génération de données aléatoires sous forme images comme base de matrices de clés de chiffrement. En effet, ces générateurs présentent des propriétés et des caractéristiques fondamentales en termes de cryptage car il présente une non-linéarité, une imprédictibilité et une extrême sensibilité aux conditions initiales les rendant très intéressantes pour le développement de clés de chiffrement par flot. L’algorithme mis en œuvre permet d'extraire en temps réel les caractéristiques de texture dans les différentes bandes spectrales d'images en vue d’évaluer et de détecter les teneurs potentielles en information et dont les transmissions doivent être sécurisée via une transmission optique / Optical information security is one of the most important research directions in information science and technology, especially in the field of copyright protection, confidential information transmission/storage and military remote sensing. Since double random phase encoding technology (DRPE) was proposed, optical image encryption technology has become the main topic of optical information security and it has been developed and studied deeply. Optical encryption techniques offer the possibility of high-speed parallel processing of two dimension image data and hiding information in many different dimensions. In this context, much significant research and investigation on optical image encryption have been presented based on DRPE or further optical operation, such as digital holography, Fresnel transform, gyrator transform. Simultaneously, the encrypted image has been extended from single gray image to double image, color image and multi-image. However, the hyperspectral image, as a significant element in military and commercial remote sensing, has not been deeply researched in optical encryption area until now. This work extends the optical encryption technology from color image to hyperspectral image. For better comprehension of hyperspectral image encryption, this work begins with the introduction and analysis of the characteristics of hyperspectral cube. Subsequently, several kinds of encryption schemes for color image, including symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystem, are presented individually. Furthermore, the optical encryption algorithms for hyperspectral cube are designed for securing both the spatial and spectral information simultaneously. Some numerical simulations are given to validate the performance of the proposed encryption schemes. The corresponding attack experiment results demonstrate the capability and robustness of the approaches designed in this work. The research in this dissertation provides reference for the further practicality of hyperspectral image encryption

Η παρούσα διατριβή είχε σαν κύριο στόχο την ανάλυση και επεξεργασία των δεδομένων SAR υπό το πρίσμα του περιεχομένου υφής για την ανίχνευση περιοχών με περιβαλλοντικές αλλοιώσεις όπως είναι οι παράνομες εναποθέσεις απορριμμάτων. Τα δεδομένα που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν προέρχονταν από τον δορυφόρο ENVISAT και το όργανο ASAR του Ευρωπαϊκού Οργανισμού Διαστήματος με διακριτική ικανότητα 12.5m και 30m για τις λειτουργίες μονής και διπλής πολικότητας αντίστοιχα καθώς και από τον δορυφόρο Terra-SAR με διακριτική ικανότητα 3m και HH πολικότητα. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν κλασσικές τεχνικές ανάλυσης και ταξινόμησης υφής όπως GLCM, Markov Random Fields, Gabor Filters και Neural Networks. Η μελέτη προσανατολίστηκε στην ανάπτυξη νέων μεθόδων ταξινόμησης υφής για αυξημένη αποτελεσματικότητα. Χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα πολυφασματικά και SAR. Για τα πολυφασματικά δεδομένα προτάθηκε η χρήση της spectral co-occurrence ως χαρακτηριστικό υφής που χρησιμοποιεί πληροφορία φασματικού περιεχομένου. Για τα δεδομένα SAR αναπτύχθηκε μία νέα μέθοδος ταξινόμησης η οποία βασίζεται σε συνήθεις περιγραφείς υφής (GLCM, Gabor, MRF) οι οποίοι μελετώνται για την ικανότητά τους να διαχωρίζουν ζεύγη μεταξύ τάξεων. Για κάθε ζεύγος τάξεων προκύπτουν χαρακτηριστικά υφής που βασίζονται στις στατιστικές ιδιότητες της cumulative καθώς και της πρώτης και δεύτερης τάξης αυτής. Η μέθοδος leave one out χρησιμοποιείται για τον εντοπισμό των χαρακτηριστικών που μπορούν να διαχωρίσουν τα δείγματα ανά ζεύγη τάξεων στα οποία αντιστοιχίζεται και ένας ξεχωριστός και ανεξάρτητος γραμμικός ταξινομητής. Η τελική ταξινόμηση γίνεται με τη μέθοδο της πλειοψηφίας η οποία εφαρμόζεται στο πρόβλημα των δύο τάξεων και τριών τάξεων αλλά επεκτείνεται και στο πρόβλημα των N-τάξεων δεδομένης της ύπαρξης κατάλληλων χαρακτηριστικών. / Texture characteristics of MERIS data based on the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) are explored as far as their classification capabilities are concerned. Classification is employed in order to reveal four different land cover types, namely: water, forest, field and urban areas. The classification performance for each cover type is studied separately on each spectral band, while the combined performance of the most promising spectral bands is explored. In addition to GLCM, spectral co-occurrence matrices (SCM) formed by measuring the transition from band-to-band are employed for improving classification results. Conventional classifiers and voting techniques are used for the classification stage. Furthermore, the properties of texture characteristics are explored on various types of grayscale or RGB representations of the multispectral data, obtained by means of principal components analysis (PCA), non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and information theory. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed classification approach is compared with that of the minimum distance classifier. A simple and effective classification method is furthermore proposed for remote sensed data that is based on a majority voting schema. We propose a feature selection procedure for exhaustive search of occurrence measures resulting from fundamental textural descriptors such as Co-occurrence matrices, Gabor filters and Markov Random Fields. In the proposed method occurrence measures, that are named texture densities, are reduced to the local cumulative function of the texture representation and only those that can linearly separate pairs of classes are used in the classification stage, thus ensuring high classification accuracy and reliability. Experiments performed on SAR data of high resolution and on a Brodatz texture database have given more than 90% classification accuracy with reliability above 95%.

Resumo: Imagens multiespectrais de alta resolução espacial podem se constituir em uma fonte de dados adequada para o mapeamento de processos associados ao desenvolvimento de culturas agrícolas, como a detecção de plantas daninhas. A aerofotogrametria convencional e imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial são alternativas para aquisição dessas imagens. Entretanto, devido ao custo elevado da aquisição destas imagens, tem sido desenvolvido, pelo Departamento de Cartografia da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da UNESP de Presidente Prudente, um Sistema de Sensoriamento Remoto Aerotransportado (SRA), capaz de oferecer resolução espacial sub-métrica. Este trabalho considerou a hipótese de que a partir de imagens adquiridas pelo Sistema é possível discriminar graus de infestação de plantas daninhas em culturas de café. Para investigar esta hipótese, foi realizado o mapeamento de plantas daninhas utilizando dois diferentes métodos: classificação de imagens multiespectrais (classificação por redes neurais artificiais - RNA) e análise geoestatística (krigagem por indicação com dados indiretos). Os mapas temáticos foram submetidos à análise da qualidade temática. A krigagem por indicação apresentou resultados suavizados e confusos, ao contrário da classificação por RNA, a qual se constituiu num método eficiente para o objetivo proposto, confirmando a hipótese inicial da investigação. / Abstract: Multispectral images with high spatial resolution can be a suitable data source for the mapping of processes associated to the crop development, as detection of weed. The aerial photogrammetry and satellite image of high spatial resolution are alternatives for the aquisition of these images. However, due to the high cost of these images, a Sistema de Sensoriamento Remoto Aerotransportado - SRA, which is capable of to offer sub-metric spatial resolution has been developed by the Department of Cartography, FCT/Unesp (Presidente Prudente). This work taked into account the hypothesis that is possible to discriminate infestation degree of weed in coffee crop from high spatial resolution multispectral images. To investigate this hypothesis, it was accomplished the mapping using two different methods: multispectral images classification (artificial neural networks classification) and geoestatistics analysis (Indicator kriging with soft data). The thematics maps were submitted to the analysis of thematic quality. The indicator kriging showed smoothed and confused results instead of the artificial neural networks classification, whose results were efficient for the purpose, confirming the initial hypothesis of the investigation. / Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade Galo / Coorientador: Nilton Nobuhiro Imai / Banca: Bernardo Friedrich Theoodor Rudorff / Banca: Vilma Mayumi Tachibana / Mestre

In digital imaging systems, due to the nature of the optics involved, the depth of field is constricted in the field of view. Parts of the scene are in focus while others are defocused. Here, a framework of versatile data-driven application independent methods to extend the depth of field in digital imaging systems is presented. The principal contributions in this effort are the use of focal connectivity, the direct use of curvelets and features extracted by Empirical Mode Decomposition, namely Intrinsic Mode Images, for multifocus fusion. The input images are decomposed into focally connected components, peripheral and medial coefficients and intrinsic mode images depending on the approach and fusion is performed on extracted focal information, by relevant schema that allow emphasis of focused regions from each input image. The fused image unifies information from all focal planes, while maintaining the verisimilitude of the scene. The final output is an image where all focal volumes of the scene are in focus, as acquired by a pinhole camera with an infinitesimal depth of field. In order to validate the fusion performance of our method, we have compared our results with those of region-based and multiscale decomposition based fusion techniques. Several illustrative examples, supported by in depth objective comparisons are shown and various practical recommendations are made.