Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2002? / Bibliography: leaves 172-197.

Orientador: Aureluce Demonte / Banca: Rosiane Gomes Silva Oliveira / Banca: Thais Milena de Souza Bezerra / Banca: Tais Maia Bauab / Banca: Juliana Cristina Bassan / Resumo: A homologia entre as características estruturais, sequenciais e funcionais da β- conglicinina da soja em relação a outras vicilinas de leguminosas e a ação de seus peptídeos bioativos nos estimulou a investigar a atividade da globulina vicilina (8S) do feijão mungo verde como composto funcional. Objetivo: isolar e caracterizar a globulina 8S do feijão mungo verde e verificar a ação hipocolesterolêmica e antimicrobiana de seus hidrolisados em testes in vitro. Método: a proteína majoritária 8S do feijão mungo verde foi extraída a partir do método de isolamento, em seguida foi parcialmente purificada por cromatografia de permeação molecular, determinada sua massa molecular a partir da eluição em Coluna Sephadex G-200 e suas subunidades foram caracterizadas por SDS Page. A proteína purificada foi submetida à hidrólise enzimática sequencial com pepsina-pancreatina e o hidrolisado obtido caracterizado por permeação molecular e SDS Tricina. Diferentes frações provenientes da eluição do hidrolisado em Sephadex G-25 foram testadas quanto à inibição da HMG CoAr (3 - Hidróxi - 3 - metilglutaril - CoA redutase) e de microrganismos (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 e Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504). Resultados: A 8S do feijão mungo verde é composta por polipeptídeos de 26, 29, 48 e 61 kDa e sua massa molecular é de 158,23±10 kDa, características condizentes com as vicilinas de outras leguminosas. As frações obtidas da eluição do hidrolisado em Sepahadex G-25... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The homology between the structural and functional characteristics of sequential β- conglycinin soy compared to other legume vicilin and the action of their bioactive peptides stimulated us to investigate the activity of globulin vicilin (8S) mung beans as functional compound. Objective: isolate and characterize the 8S globulin mung beans and check the hypocholesterolemic and antimicrobial activities their hydrolysates in in vitro tests. Method: The major protein 8S mung bean is extracted from the isolation method, then was partially purified by molecular permeation chromatography, its molecular weight determined from the elution Sephadex G- 200 and its subunits were characterized by SDSPAGE. The purified protein was subjected to sequential enzymatic hydrolysis with pepsin-pancreatin and the hydrolyzate characterized by molecular permeation and Tricine SDS. Different fractions from the hydrolyzate eluted on Sephadex G-25 were tested for inhibition of HMG CoAr (3 - hydroxy - 3 - methylglutaryl - CoA reductase) and microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504). Results: 8S mung bean is comprised of polypeptides of 26, 29, 48 and 61 kDa and its molecular weight is 158.23 ± 10 kDa, consistent with the characteristics vicilins from other legumes. The fractions obtained from the elution hydrolyzate in Sepahadex G-25 (10, 12, 14, 22 and 32) demonstrated significant in vitro inhibition of HMG-CoAr enzyme activity compared with the recognized hypocholesterolemic action drug (pravastatin), suggesting involvement of these peptide fractions in inhibiting an important step in cholesterol synthesis. The hydrolyzate obtained from sequential hydrolysis with pepsin-pancreatin presented antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms, particularly against H. pylori, is a promising advance in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Magister Scientiae - MSc / The action of Mung Bean Nuclease (MBN) on DNA makes it possible to clone intact gene fragments from genes of the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. This “genease” activity has provided a foundation for further investigation of the coding elements of the Plasmodium genome. MBN has been reported to cleave genomic DNA of Plasmodium preferentially at positions before and after genes, but not within gene coding regions. This mechanism has overcome the difficulty encountered in obtaining genes with low expression levels because the cleavage mechanism of the enzyme yields sequences of genes from genomic DNA rather than mRNA. However, as potentially useful as MBN may be, evidence to support its genease activity comes from analysis of a limited number of genes. It is not clear whether this mechanism is specific to certain genes or species of Plasmodia or whether it is a general cleavage mechanism for Plasmodium DNA .There have also been some projects (Nomura et al., 2001;van Lin, Janse, and Waters, 2000) which have identified MBN generated fragments which contain fragments of genes with both introns and exons, rather than the intact genes expected from MBN-digestion of genomic DNA, which raises concerns about the efficiency of the MBN mechanism in generating complete genes.Using a large-scale, whole genome mapping approach, 7242 MBN generated genome survey sequences (GSSs) have been mapped to determine their position relative to coding sequences within the complete genome sequences of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and the incomplete genome of a rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei. The location of MBN cleavage sites was determined with respect to coding regions in orthologous genes, non-coding intergenic regions and exon-intron boundaries in these two species of Plasmodium. The survey illustrates that for P. falciparum 79% of GSSs had at least one terminal mapping within an ortholog coding sequence and 85% of GSSs which overlapped coding sequence boundaries mapped within 50 bp of the start or end of the gene. Similarly, despite the partial nature of P.berghei genome sequence information, 73% of P.berghei GSSs had at least one terminal mapping within an ortholog coding sequence and 37% of these mapped between 0-50 bp of the start or end of the gene. This indicates that a larger percentage of cleavage sites in both P.falciparum and P.berghei were found proximal to coding regions. Furthermore, 86% of P.falciparum GSSs had at least one terminal mapping within a coding exon and 85% of GSSs which overlapped exon-intron boundaries mapped within 50bp of the exon start and end site. The fact that 11% of GSSs mapped completely to intronic regions, suggests that some introns contain specific cleavage sites sensitive to cleavage and this also indicates that MBN cleavage of Plasmodium DNA does not always yield complete exons. Finally, the results presented herein were obtained from analysis of several thousand Plasmodium genes which have different coding sequences, in different locations on individual chromosomes/contigs in two different species of Plasmodium. Therefore it appears that the MBN mechanism is neither species specific nor is it limited to specific genes. / South Africa

by Fung Yin Lee, Annie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-189). / ABSTRACT --- p.i / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.iv / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter I. --- A. Arterial pressure --- p.4 / Chapter B. --- Regulation of arterial pressure --- p.7 / Chapter II. --- Hypertension --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- Treatment of hypertension --- p.29 / Chapter IV. --- Plants and their effects on blood pressure --- p.48 / Chapter V. --- Characteristics of the three plants being studied --- p.50 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.55 / Chapter A. --- Preparative procedures --- p.55 / Chapter 1. --- Preparation of plant extracts --- p.55 / Chapter 2. --- Animal preparation for invivo blood pressure measurement --- p.56 / Chapter 3. --- Preparation of right atria for in vitro studies --- p.56 / Chapter 4. --- Preparation of artery strips for in vitro studies --- p.57 / Chapter 5. --- Preparation for diuretic studies --- p.58 / Chapter B. --- Experiments done --- p.60 / Chapter 1. --- Cumulative dose response of individual plant extract --- p.60 / Chapter 2. --- Combination of plant extracts --- p.60 / Chapter 3. --- Pharmacological antagonists studies --- p.64 / Chapter a. --- Autonomic ganglion transmission --- p.64 / Chapter b. --- Alpha adrenergic activity --- p.64 / Chapter c. --- Beta adrenergic activity --- p.65 / Chapter d. --- Cholinergic activity --- p.65 / Chapter e. --- Histaminergic activity --- p.65 / Chapter f. --- Serotoninergic activity --- p.65 / Chapter 4. --- Urinary and sodium excretionin water loaded rats --- p.66 / Chapter 5. --- Studies on chronotropic and inotropic effects on isolated right atrium --- p.66 / Chapter a. --- Effect of individual plant extract --- p.66 / Chapter b. --- Effect of combination of plant extracts --- p.66 / Chapter 6. --- Effect of plant extract on contractile responses of rat tail artery strips --- p.70 / Chapter a. --- Effect of individual plant extract --- p.70 / Chapter b. --- Effect of combination of plant extracts --- p.70 / Chapter 7. --- Effect of acute oral feeding of plant extracts on blood pressure of rats --- p.71 / Chapter C. --- Statistics --- p.71 / RESULTS / Chapter A. --- Preparation of plant extracts --- p.72 / Chapter B. --- Effect of plant extracts on blood pressure changes --- p.72 / Chapter 1. --- Individual plant extract --- p.72 / Chapter 2. --- Combination of two plant extracts --- p.73 / Chapter 3. --- Combination of three plant extracts --- p.76 / Chapter C. --- Pharmacological antagonist studies --- p.79 / Chapter 1. --- Autonomic ganglion transmission --- p.79 / Chapter 2. --- Alpha adrenergic activity --- p.79 / Chapter 3. --- Beta adrenergic activity --- p.81 / Chapter 4. --- Cholinergic activity --- p.82 / Chapter 5. --- Histaminergic activity --- p.83 / Chapter 6. --- Serotoninergic activity --- p.84 / Chapter D. --- Urinary and sodium excretion in water loaded rats --- p.85 / Chapter E. --- Chronotropic and inotropic studies of isolated right atrium --- p.88 / Chapter 1. --- Effect of individual plant extract --- p.88 / Chapter 2. --- Effect of combination of plant extracts --- p.89 / Chapter F. --- Effect of plant extracts on contractile responses of rat tail artery strips --- p.101 / Chapter G. --- Effect of acute oral feeding of plant extracts on MAP of rats --- p.102 / DISCUSSION --- p.156 / Chapter A. --- Comment on preparation of plant extracts --- p.156 / Chapter B. --- The hypotensive effects of the plant extracts --- p.157 / Chapter C. --- The mechanism of action --- p.159 / Chapter D. --- The renal effect of plant extracts --- p.161 / Chapter E. --- The interaction of the hypotensive effect of plant extracts --- p.164 / Chapter F. --- In vitro studies --- p.167 / Chapter G. --- The oral effect of the plant extracts --- p.174 / SUMMARY --- p.176 / CONCLUSION --- p.179 / REFERENCES --- p.181 / APPENDIX --- p.190 / "Appendix I To study the hypotensive effects of trypsin treated green bean, rue and kelp" --- p.191 / "Appendix II To study the hypotensive effects of ether treated green bean, rue and kelp" --- p.194

Bibliography: leaves 172-197.

As a major group of agricultural commodities, legume grains are widely grown and consumed globally, but are often utilised in the whole form. With increasing evidence of nutritional benefits, these grains are potentially sources of novel ingredients including starches. Accordingly the objective of this study has been to investigate legume starches, particularly their isolation, characterisation and incorporation into selected food products. Using chickpea, faba bean, lentil and mung bean, extraction procedures for the practical isolation of legume starches have been evaluated. A relatively simple method has been established, involving grain cracking, steeping in a mildly alkaline solution, followed by washing, double blending, double sieving and sedimentation. The starches collected for the four legumes were oven dried and the recoveries ranged between 29 and 38%. Compositional analyses confirming that the isolation procedure gave relatively pure starches and scanning electron microscopy showed that the granules were typically ellipsoidal. Laser particle size analysis showed mono-modal distributions with mean diameters between 19.6 and 23.9µm. X-ray diffractograms of legume starches were of the typical C-type, with variations in the intensities and peak distribution indicating some differences in the crystallinity of the starches. Suitable conditions for the measurement of starch gelatinisation characteristics by differential scanning calorimetry were investigated. When optimised conditions were applied, the temperature of gelatinisation ranged from 58.9 for lentil to 65.7 °C for mung bean with corresponding enthalpy values of 9.2 and 5.7 Jg-1. Hot-stage optical microscopy confirmed gelatinisation patterns. The starch pastes demonstrated opalescence with some variation in the degree of clarity. The pasting and viscosity properties measured by the Rapid Visco-Analyser showed some variation in pasting temperatures and considerable differences in peak readings with faba bean starch having lowest and mung bean the highest with values of 307 and 676 RVA units, respectively. In order to study the incorporation of the legume starches, two Asian food products having starch as an ingredient, were selected and adapted as model foods. In this context, vermicelli represented a savoury product and coconut cake a sweet product. Vermicelli and coconut cake samples that incorporated chickpea starch were both preferred by most of the panellists over those containing the other legume starches. The overall conclusions are that the starch extraction method adapted in this investigation was a practical approach, producing relatively pure, white starches. The characteristics of the four legume starches showed many similarities, but there were some variations in the properties, indicating that there may be different applications for their incorporation into food formulations. Sensory evaluations confirmed the usefulness of the starches as food ingredients that provide attractive mouthfeel and textural characteristics. Therefore legume starches offer potential as novel food ingredients warranting further evaluation and larger scale feasibility studies.

Bibliography: leaves 172-197. / xvii, 197 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Soil and Water, 2002?