This study deals with a municipal solid waste management system in which the strategic and tactical decisions are addressed simultaneously. In the system, the number and locations of the transfer facilities which serve to the particular solid waste pick-up points and the landfill are determined. Additionally, routing plans are constructed for the vehicles which collect the solid waste from the pick-up points by regarding the load capacity of the vehicles and shift time restrictions. We formulate this reverse logistics system as a location-routing problem with two facility layers. Mathematical models of the problem are presented, and an iterative capacitated-k-medoids clustering-based heuristic method is proposed for the solution of the problem. Also, a sequential clustering-based heuristic method is presented as a benchmark to the iterative method. Computational studies are performed for both methods on the problem instances including up to 1000 pick-up points, 5 alternative transfer facility sites, and 25 vehicles. The results obtained show that the iterative clustering-based method developed achieves considerable improvement over the sequential clustering-based method.

Three troublesome issues concerning residential curbside collection (RCC) and municipal solid waste (MSW) management systems in the United States motivated this research. First, reliance upon inefficient collection and scheduling procedures negatively affect RCC efficiency, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and cost. Second, the neglected impact of MSW management practices on water resources. Third, the implications of alternative fuels on the environmental and financial performance of waste collection where fuel plays a significant rule. The goal of this study was to select the best RCC program, MSW management practice, and collection fuel. For this study, field data were collected for RCC programs across the State of Florida. The garbage and recyclables generation rates were compared based on garbage collection frequency and use of dual-stream (DS) or single-stream (SS) recyclables collection system. The assessment of the collection programs was evaluated based on GHG emissions, while for the first time, the water footprint (WFP) was calculated for the most commonly used MSW management practices namely landfilling, combustion, and recycling. In comparing alternative collection fuels, two multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools, TOPSIS and SAW, were used to rank fuel alternatives for the waste collection industry with respect to a multi-level environmental and financial decision matrix. The results showed that SS collection systems exhibited more than a two-fold increase in recyclables generation rates, and a ~2.2-fold greater recycling efficiency compared to DS. The GHG emissions associated with the studied collection programs were estimated to be between 36 and 51 kg CO2eq per metric ton of total household waste (garbage and recyclables), depending on the garbage collection frequency, recyclables collection system (DS or SS) and recyclables compaction. When recyclables offsets were considered, the GHG emissions associated with programs using SS were estimated between -760 and -560, compared to between -270 and -210 kg CO2eq per metric ton of total waste for DS programs. In comparing the WFP of MSW management practices, the results showed that the WFP of waste landfilling can be reduced through implementing bioreactor landfilling. The WFP of electricity generated from waste combustion was less than the electricity from landfill gas. Overall, the WFP of electricity from MSW management practices was drastically less than some renewable energy sources. In comparing the WFP offsets of recyclables, the recycling of renewable commodities, e.g. paper, contributed to the highest WFP offsets compared to other commodities, mainly due to its raw material acquisition high WFPs. This suggests that recycling of renewable goods is the best management practice to reduce the WFP of MSW management. Finally, the MCDA of alternative fuel technologies revealed that diesel is still the best option, followed by hydraulic-hybrid waste collection vehicles (WCVs), then landfill gas (LFG) sourced natural gas, fossil natural gas and biodiesel. The elimination of the fueling station criterion from the financial criteria ranked LFG-sourced natural gas as the best option; suggesting that LFG sourced natural gas is the best alternative to fuel WCV when accessible. In conclusion, field data suggest that RCC system design can significantly impact recyclables generation rate and efficiency, and consequently determine environmental and economic impact of collection systems. The WFP concept was suggested as a method to systematically assess the impact of MSW management practices on water resources. A careful consideration of the WFP of MSW management practices and energy recovered from MSW management facilities is essential for the sustainable appropriation of water resources and development.

A fast increase of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become the most concerning environmental problem in Vietnam, especially in the Mekong Delta region, that is considered one of the most vulnerable deltas to climate change in the world. There are 12 provinces and one central city in MD that occupy about 12% of the whole area of the nation with 5% of MSW generated. However, there is no currently effective management system in place for treatment and management of MSW in the MD. Landfill is the sole treatment option for MSW right now. With a low-level plain, MD is facing the most serious environmental problem in the near future with an effect of climate change and sea level rising. The landfill should not be considered for long-term use in this area. Suitable treatment options for MSW should be applied together with other solutions for reuse, recycling and reduction of MSW as well as pollution prevention issue. An integrated MSW management approach in adaptation to climate change is considered necessary. / Sự tăng nhanh chất thải rắn đã trở thành vấn đề vấn đề môi trường được quan tâm nhất ở Việt Nam, đặc biệt là ở khu Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long một trong những đồng bằng dễ bị tổn thương bởi sự biến đổi khí hậu nhất trên thế giới. Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long có 12 tỉnh và một thành phố trực thuộc trung ương, chiếm 12% diện tích của cả nước với khoảng 5% lượng chất thải rắn phát sinh. Tuy nhiên, hiện nay chưa có một hệ thống quản lý hiệu quả cho chất thải rắn ở khu vực. Bãi rác là lựa chọn xử lý duy nhất ở thời điểm này. Với cao độ thấp, Đồng bằng Sông Cửu Long đang đối mặt với ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng của các vấn đề môi trường trong tương lai gần bởi ảnh hưởng của sự biến đổi khí hậu và nước biển dâng. Về lâu dài bãi rác không nên sử dụng ở khu vực này. Các lựa chọn xử lý thích hợp cho chất thải rắn cần được áp dụng cùng với các giải pháp khác như tái sử dụng, tái chế và giảm thiểu chất thải rắn cũng như các giải pháp ngăn ngừa ô nhiễm. Cách tiếp cận quản lý tổng hợp chất thải rắn nhằm ứng phó sự biến đổi khí hậu cần được xem xét.

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) in Colombo, Sri Lanka, presents significant challenges due to rapid urbanization, population growth, and limited infrastructural capacities. This research aims to analyze the current MSWM practices in Colombo, identify the key challenges faced, benchmark these practices against international standards, and propose sustainable solutions for improvement. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating quantitative data from primary sources and qualitative insights from interviews with key stakeholders, including municipal officials, waste management professionals, and residents. Quantitative data analysis revealed that Colombo generates an average of 1200 tons of waste daily, primarily from residential sources (60%). The predominant waste disposal method is landfilling, which accounts for 75% of waste disposal, with significant challenges identified in infrastructure, funding, and public compliance. Qualitative data from municipal officials highlighted the importance of policies focused on waste segregation, mandatory recycling programs, and penalties for illegal dumping. However, enforcement of these policies remains problematic due to resource limitations and public resistance. The study identified several critical challenges in MSWM, including inadequate infrastructure, insufficient funding, and public apathy. Collaborative efforts between the Colombo Municipal Council (CMC) and private sector stakeholders through initiatives like 'Zero Waste Colombo' have shown potential in addressing these challenges. Community engagement and educational programs have been implemented to promote waste reduction, recycling, and composting, but their success relies heavily on continuous support and participation from local organizations and residents. Future strategies for MSWM in Colombo include integrating advanced waste-to-energy technologies, expanding recycling facilities, and enhancing waste collection efficiency through smart technologies. Policy recommendations emphasize the need for stronger enforcement mechanisms, increased investment in waste management infrastructure, and continuous public education campaigns. This research contributes to the scholarly literature on urban sustainability and MSWM, providing actionable recommendations for policymakers, urban planners, and community stakeholders in Colombo. By addressing the identified challenges and leveraging the proposed solutions, Colombo can move towards a more sustainable and efficient waste management system.

Um dos problemas ambientais com que nos deparamos está ligado à gestão dos resíduos sólidos oriundos das atividades humanas, seja na forma de disposição, no volume na geração, e na ineficiência na reutilização e reciclagem destes. A gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos pauta-se como importante instrumento para que se caminhe em direção a um modelo de sociedade menos agressivo com o meio ambiente. Para buscar esta forma de gestão, no Brasil, a Lei nº 12.305/2010 institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Partindo deste contexto, tem-se como foco os Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos - PMGIRS. O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a situação dos processos de elaboração dos PMGIRS nos municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI-13). É apresentada uma proposta de avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa dos PMGIRS, visando o cumprimento destes perante à PNRS. Chegou-se em um resultado de que 62% dos municípios afirmam possuir PMGIRS; 9% não possuem; e 29% estão em processo de elaboração. A UGRHI-13 conta com 34 municípios, destes, vinte e um (21) municípios afirmam ter PMGIRS, porém após a avaliação destes, verificou-se que três efetivamente não o tem. Logo, o número de municípios que possuem o PMGIRS é dezoito (18), ou seja, 53% dos municípios da UGRHI-13. Consequentemente, 47% dos municípios não possuem o Plano. Nove (9) cumprem menos que 75% dos requisitos mínimos da PNRS. Apenas dois (2) dos dezoito (18) municípios que efetivamente possuem PMGIRS cumprem em 100% os requisitos mínimos. O cenário positivo para a gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos municipais vem evoluindo, porém ainda enfrenta uma série de obstáculos relacionados à falta e inconsistência de informação e falta de capacitação técnica dos gestores públicos. / One of the environmental problems we face is related to the management of solid waste from human activities, whether in the form of disposal, volume in generation, and inefficiency in their reuse and recycling. Integrated solid waste management is an important instrument for moving towards a less aggressive model of society with the environment. In order to seek this form of management, in Brazil, Law nº. 12,305/2010 establishes the National Policy on Solid Waste. Starting from this context, we focus on the Municipal Plans of Integrated Management of Solid Waste - PMGIRS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the situation of the PMGIRS elaboration processes in the municipalities of the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin (UGRHI-13). A proposal for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the PMGIRS is presented, with a view to their compliance with the PNRS. It was found that 62% of municipalities claim PMGIRS; 9% do not have; And 29% are in the process of being drawn up. The UGRHI-13 counts with 34 municipalities, of which twenty one (21) municipalities claim to have PMGIRS, but after evaluating them, it was verified that three do not have it. Therefore, the number of municipalities that have the PMGIRS is eighteen (18), or 53% of the municipalities of the UGRHI-13. Consequently, 47% of municipalities do not have the Plan. Nine (9) meet less than 75% of the minimum PNRS requirements. Only two (2) of the eighteen (18) municipalities that effectively have PMGIRS meet the minimum requirements at 100%. The positive scenario for the integrated management of solid municipal waste has been evolving, but it still faces a series of obstacles related to lack and inconsistency of information and lack of technical capacity of public managers.

A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) é uma das dez maiores regiões metropolitanas do mundo e a maior do Brasil. Cerca de vinte mil toneladas de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU) são gerados diariamente na região, sendo dispostos em aterros distantes dos centros urbanos. Nesse contexto, o planejamento intermunicipal tornou-se essencial para integrar os sistemas de gestão de RSU e fomentar iniciativas regionais de valorização dos resíduos. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi realizar o diagnóstico da gestão de RSU dos municípios que constituem a RSMP e avaliar potenciais formas de integração da gestão de RSU no âmbito da sub-região Sudeste da RMSP, constituída pelos municípios Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires, Rio Grande da Serra, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo e São Caetano do Sul. Como método, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica sobre planejamento e gestão de RSU, Regiões Metropolitanas, governança metropolitana, RMSP, assim como a investigação de modelos e seleção de um modelo matemático (System Dynamics), aplicado na avaliação técnica e econômica de potenciais formas de integração da gestão de RSU na sub-região Sudeste da RMSP. Como resultado, mostrou-se, de forma quantificada, que não beneficiar os RSU gerados na sub-região e manter a reciclagem incipiente dos municípios, em longo prazo, perpetua a lógica de encontrar novos locais para a disposição dos resíduos em aterros. Por outro lado, a cooperação intermunicipal para a viabilização de usinas de tratamento de RSU mostrou-se eficaz na redução dos resíduos que vão para disposição final. Já a reciclagem não se configurou uma solução eficaz no âmbito regional segundo as condições de contorno consideradas, pois depende da coleta seletiva eficiente, que, por sua vez, prescinde de maior conscientização ambiental e adesão por parte da população. Verificou-se, ainda, que municípios com geração similar de RSU possuem melhor potencial de integração e podem viabilizar novas infraestruturas regionais em consórcios exclusivos para a gestão dos RSU. / The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) is one of the ten largest metropolitan regions in the world and the largest in Brazil. Around 20,000 tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) are generated daily in the region, being disposed in landfills far from urban centers. In this context, inter-municipal planning has become essential for integrating MSW management systems and promoting regional valorization initiatives. The objective of this research was to perform a diagnosis of the management of MSW in the municipalities which are included in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and evaluate potential forms of integrating MSW management in the Southeast sub-region of MRSP, constituted by the municipalities of Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires, Rio Grande da Serra, Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo and São Caetano do Sul. As method, a bibliographic research was carried out on planning and management of municipal solid waste, metropolitan regions, metropolitan governance, MRSP, as well as the investigation of models and selection of a mathematical model (System Dynamics), applied in the technical and economic evaluation of potential ways of integrating MSW management in the Southeast sub-region of MRSP. Results showed, in a quantified way, that not benefiting the MSW generated in the sub-region and maintaining the incipient recycling of the municipalities, in the long term, perpetuates the logic of finding new places for waste disposal in landfills. On the other hand, the inter-municipal cooperation for the feasibility of MSW treatment plants proved to be effective in reducing waste that goes to final disposal. Recycling did not provide an effective solution at the regional level according to the boundary conditions considered, because it depends much on efficient selective collection, which, in turn, depends on environmental awareness and population adherence. It was also verified that municipalities with a similar generation of MSW have a better integration potential and can make possible new regional infrastructures in exclusive consortia for the MSW management.

Greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced through recovery and recycling of resources from the municipal solid waste stream. In São Paulo, Brazil, recycling cooperatives play a crucial role in providing recycling services including collection, separation, cleaning, stocking and collective sale of recyclable resources. The present research attempts to measure the greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved by the Cooperpires recycling cooperative, as well as highlight its socio-economic benefits. Methods include participant observation, structured interview, a questionnaire, and greenhouse gas accounting of recycling using a Clean Development Mechanism methodology. The results afford an exploration of the opportunity for Cooperpires and other similar recycling cooperatives to participate in the carbon credit market. / Graduate

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-05-22T19:30:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Aparecida Braconaro de Araujo.pdf: 2725958 bytes, checksum: b5ccaaa8f420f24bad22c65c7482b7ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-22T19:30:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natalia Aparecida Braconaro de Araujo.pdf: 2725958 bytes, checksum: b5ccaaa8f420f24bad22c65c7482b7ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-15 / In addition to generating public health problems, the disposal of municipal solid waste [MSW] in coastal areas modifies the environment and can change the way people perceive it. Problems such as a lack of proper management of landfills, centralization of waste management actions, absence or low cost of taxes for waste collection and disposal, as well as low participation of population in waste reduction and recycling actions that make it unfeasible to maintain a waste management system. These issues, as well as a lack of technologies for waste separation and disposal, lead to a need for strategies that will help a city council in the choice and implementation of measures that are economically viable, have the capacity to self-sustain and involve all social spheres in its application. The objective of this research is to make a diagnosis about the MSW’s perception by residents of the city of Bertioga-SP, in order to assist in the city MSW management, in a way that increases the indexes of municipality recycling. Five groups of hypotheses about which factors influence the perception and social participation in MSW management were created. The data to test the hypotheses were obtained through a questionnaire created by the author of the research and applied to residents of Bertioga. These data were analyzed statistically, being the dissertative data analyzed by semantic analysis software. The results showed that access to the internet has direct influence at the acces to the information about the correct waste disposal (p=0,000), as was noted that citizens with more contact with neighbors or relatives tend to adopt better waste disposal practices (p=0,464). In the semantic analysis it was evident that the lack of communication between public cleaning companies and citizens, as well as failures in the logistics of waste collection had a negative influence on their participation in waste disposal actions.Despite this, positive actions were found in waste management, such as the use of cooking oil for the production of soap for residents. With analysis of the hypotheses, waste management strategies were elaborated, wich will be implemented by the RSU Energia Project, whose this research its part, to improve the MSW management and, later, for the improvement of the waste management of the entire Baixada Santista region. / Além de gerar problemas de saúde pública, o descarte de resíduos sólidos urbanos [RSU] em zonas costeiras altera o ambiente e pode alterar a forma como estes são percebidos pelas pessoas. Problemas como a falta de gestão correta de aterros sanitários, centralização das ações de gestão de resíduos, ausência ou baixo custo de taxas para coleta e disposição de resíduos, além da baixa adesão populacional a ações de redução e reciclagem do lixo são alguns dos principais fatores que inviabilizam a manutenção de um sistema de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos. Estas questões, bem como a falta de tecnologias para disposição e separação dos resíduos, levam a necessidade de estratégias que auxiliem a prefeitura do município na escolha e implantação de medidas que sejam viáveis economicamente, possuam capacidade de se auto sustentar e envolvam todas as esferas sociais em sua aplicação. Pensando-se nessas questões, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico sobre a percepção dos RSU por moradores da cidade de Bertioga – SP, de modo a auxiliar na gestão de RSU do município, de forma a propor ações que aumentem os índices de reciclagem do município. Foram criados cinco conjuntos de hipóteses sobre quais fatores poderiam influenciar a percepção e participação social no manejo de RSU. Os dados para teste das hipóteses foram obtidos por meio de um questionário criado pela autora da presente pesquisa e aplicado aos moradores de Bertioga. Tais dados foram analisados estatisticamente, sendo as respostas dissertativas analisadas por um software de análise semântica. Os resultados revelaram que fatores como o acesso à internet influenciam diretamente no acesos às informações sobre o correto descarte de resíduos (p=0,000), assim como notou-se que cidadãos que possuem maior contato com vizinhos ou familiares costumam adotar melhores práticas de descarte de resíduos (p= 0,464). Na análise semântica, ficou evidente que a falta de comunicação entre as empresas de limpeza pública e os cidadãos, assim como falhas na logística de coleta de resíduos influenciaram negativamente na participação destes nas ações de descarte de resíduos. Apesar disto, foram encontradas ações positivas no manejo de resíduos, como o uso de óleo de cozinha para produção de sabão pelos próprios moradores. Com a análise das hipóteses, foram elaboradas estratégias de gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos, as quais serão implementadas pelo Projeto RSU Energia, do qual esta pesquisa fez parte, para melhorar a gestão municipal de RSU e, posteriormente, auxiliar na melhoria da gestão de resíduos de toda a região da Baixada Santista.

Um dos problemas ambientais com que nos deparamos está ligado à gestão dos resíduos sólidos oriundos das atividades humanas, seja na forma de disposição, no volume na geração, e na ineficiência na reutilização e reciclagem destes. A gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos pauta-se como importante instrumento para que se caminhe em direção a um modelo de sociedade menos agressivo com o meio ambiente. Para buscar esta forma de gestão, no Brasil, a Lei nº 12.305/2010 institui a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos. Partindo deste contexto, tem-se como foco os Planos Municipais de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos - PMGIRS. O trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a situação dos processos de elaboração dos PMGIRS nos municípios da Bacia Hidrográfica Tietê-Jacaré (UGRHI-13). É apresentada uma proposta de avaliação quantitativa e qualitativa dos PMGIRS, visando o cumprimento destes perante à PNRS. Chegou-se em um resultado de que 62% dos municípios afirmam possuir PMGIRS; 9% não possuem; e 29% estão em processo de elaboração. A UGRHI-13 conta com 34 municípios, destes, vinte e um (21) municípios afirmam ter PMGIRS, porém após a avaliação destes, verificou-se que três efetivamente não o tem. Logo, o número de municípios que possuem o PMGIRS é dezoito (18), ou seja, 53% dos municípios da UGRHI-13. Consequentemente, 47% dos municípios não possuem o Plano. Nove (9) cumprem menos que 75% dos requisitos mínimos da PNRS. Apenas dois (2) dos dezoito (18) municípios que efetivamente possuem PMGIRS cumprem em 100% os requisitos mínimos. O cenário positivo para a gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos municipais vem evoluindo, porém ainda enfrenta uma série de obstáculos relacionados à falta e inconsistência de informação e falta de capacitação técnica dos gestores públicos. / One of the environmental problems we face is related to the management of solid waste from human activities, whether in the form of disposal, volume in generation, and inefficiency in their reuse and recycling. Integrated solid waste management is an important instrument for moving towards a less aggressive model of society with the environment. In order to seek this form of management, in Brazil, Law nº. 12,305/2010 establishes the National Policy on Solid Waste. Starting from this context, we focus on the Municipal Plans of Integrated Management of Solid Waste - PMGIRS. The objective of this study is to evaluate the situation of the PMGIRS elaboration processes in the municipalities of the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin (UGRHI-13). A proposal for the quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the PMGIRS is presented, with a view to their compliance with the PNRS. It was found that 62% of municipalities claim PMGIRS; 9% do not have; And 29% are in the process of being drawn up. The UGRHI-13 counts with 34 municipalities, of which twenty one (21) municipalities claim to have PMGIRS, but after evaluating them, it was verified that three do not have it. Therefore, the number of municipalities that have the PMGIRS is eighteen (18), or 53% of the municipalities of the UGRHI-13. Consequently, 47% of municipalities do not have the Plan. Nine (9) meet less than 75% of the minimum PNRS requirements. Only two (2) of the eighteen (18) municipalities that effectively have PMGIRS meet the minimum requirements at 100%. The positive scenario for the integrated management of solid municipal waste has been evolving, but it still faces a series of obstacles related to lack and inconsistency of information and lack of technical capacity of public managers.

Nowadays, municipal solid waste (MSW) has got great attention from world-wide decision makers in the field of waste management. When they are making a MSW management decision, there are lots of factors that may influence their final decision for picking up an optimal alternative. In order to find out the influence factors in municipal solid waste management decision-making, incineration and anaerobic fermentation techniques are selected as example for comparison. Literature study and interview are used for collecting theoretical and practical information respectively. A list of theoretical influence factors is created, which integrates environmental, social and financial aspects of incineration and anaerobic fermentation. This list can help the decision-maker to have a better choice when they are choosing an alternative from MSW management methods. Practical information is achieved by interviewing the City of Stockholm Waste Management Administration. Differences are revealed between theory and the Stockholm case. The priority of each influence factor is discussed in this paper. Base on the decision between theoretical factors and the Stockholm case, the result shows that the theoretical factors are not completely sufficient for the practical use in the city of Stockholm. The list of theoretical influence factors should be extended by integrating more factors and more MSW management alternatives to meet different requirements in practical cases. There is no clear definition on which factor has the highest degree of influence for the decision-maker. The priority of influence factors is depended on the local condition and subjective choice of decision-maker. / www.ima.kth.se