Orientador : Tsunao Matsumoto / Banca: Roque Passos Piveli / Banca: Geraldo de Freitas Maciel / Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo o monitoramento e avaliação da eficiência da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) na cidade de Santa Fé do Sul - SP, e a comparação dos resultados auferidos com ETEs da região. A Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Santa Fé do Sul investigada era composta de uma lagoa anaeróbia seguida por uma lagoa facultativa com 3 (três) divisores de fluxo (chicanas) paralelos, formando 4 (quatro) canais paralelos dentro da mesma, seguida por uma lagoa de maturação com apenas 1 (um) divisor de fluxo (chicanas) formando 2 (dois) canais paralelos, formando chicanas do tipo vai e vem. O monitoramento foi realizado no período de novembro de 2000 a junho de 2003. Os ensaios de investigação dos parâmetros de controle foram realizados em duas etapas, sendo a primeira etapa com quatro pontos de coletas realizadas quinzenalmente, no período de novembro de 2000 a junho de 2002, e a segunda etapa, com oito pontos de coletas com freqüência semanal, no período de março a junho de 2003. Os parâmetros investigados no monitoramento foram: DBO (mg/L), DQO (mg/L), OD, Temperatura (°C), pH, Sólidos Totais (mg/L), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (mg/L), Coliformes Totais (NMP/100mL) e Coliformes Fecais (NMP/100mL) das amostras coletadas em pontos de interesse ao longo das lagoas da ETE conforme etapas de investigação. Os parâmetros investigados e analisados na ETE durante o período de monitoramento foram animadores, apresentando valores de eficiência de remoção dos mesmos melhores em comparação as das ETEs da região. / Abstract: This work had as objective the accompaniment and evaluation of the efficiency of the Sewage Treatment Station of Santa Fé do Sul city, São Paulo state, Brazil, and the comparison of the obteined results with others stations of the same region. The station are composed with stabilization ponds. The first pond is anaerobic, followed by one facultative pond, with three parallel flow divisors (baffle), forming four parallel channels. This pond is followed by a maturation pond, with only one flow divisor (Baffle), forming two parallel channels. The accompaniment was accomplished in the period of november from 2000 to june of 2003. The chemical and bacteriological tests of investigation were accomplished in two stages. In the the first stage, the samples are collected in four different points every fifteen days, in the period of november of 2000 to june of 2002. In the second stage, the samples are collected in eigth different points every seven days, in the period of march to june of 2003. The parameters investigated in the acconpaniment were: Biochmical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature (T), pH, Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Coliforms, and Faecal Coliforms. The samples was collected in strategical points in the ponds, according to investigation stages. The investigated and analyzed parameters in station during the acconpaniment period were exciting, presenting better values of efficiency of removal of polluents in comparison with others stations of the region. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-10-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:17:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 takeuti_mrs_me_ilha.pdf: 1785772 bytes, checksum: 40aee906baf147862ac1f7e479a97ff5 (MD5) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo o monitoramento e avaliação da eficiência da Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETE) na cidade de Santa Fé do Sul - SP, e a comparação dos resultados auferidos com ETEs da região. A Estação de Tratamento de Esgoto de Santa Fé do Sul investigada era composta de uma lagoa anaeróbia seguida por uma lagoa facultativa com 3 (três) divisores de fluxo (chicanas) paralelos, formando 4 (quatro) canais paralelos dentro da mesma, seguida por uma lagoa de maturação com apenas 1 (um) divisor de fluxo (chicanas) formando 2 (dois) canais paralelos, formando chicanas do tipo vai e vem. O monitoramento foi realizado no período de novembro de 2000 a junho de 2003. Os ensaios de investigação dos parâmetros de controle foram realizados em duas etapas, sendo a primeira etapa com quatro pontos de coletas realizadas quinzenalmente, no período de novembro de 2000 a junho de 2002, e a segunda etapa, com oito pontos de coletas com freqüência semanal, no período de março a junho de 2003. Os parâmetros investigados no monitoramento foram: DBO (mg/L), DQO (mg/L), OD, Temperatura (°C), pH, Sólidos Totais (mg/L), Sólidos Suspensos Totais (mg/L), Coliformes Totais (NMP/100mL) e Coliformes Fecais (NMP/100mL) das amostras coletadas em pontos de interesse ao longo das lagoas da ETE conforme etapas de investigação. Os parâmetros investigados e analisados na ETE durante o período de monitoramento foram animadores, apresentando valores de eficiência de remoção dos mesmos melhores em comparação as das ETEs da região. / This work had as objective the accompaniment and evaluation of the efficiency of the Sewage Treatment Station of Santa Fé do Sul city, São Paulo state, Brazil, and the comparison of the obteined results with others stations of the same region. The station are composed with stabilization ponds. The first pond is anaerobic, followed by one facultative pond, with three parallel flow divisors (baffle), forming four parallel channels. This pond is followed by a maturation pond, with only one flow divisor (Baffle), forming two parallel channels. The accompaniment was accomplished in the period of november from 2000 to june of 2003. The chemical and bacteriological tests of investigation were accomplished in two stages. In the the first stage, the samples are collected in four different points every fifteen days, in the period of november of 2000 to june of 2002. In the second stage, the samples are collected in eigth different points every seven days, in the period of march to june of 2003. The parameters investigated in the acconpaniment were: Biochmical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature (T), pH, Total Solids (TS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Total Coliforms, and Faecal Coliforms. The samples was collected in strategical points in the ponds, according to investigation stages. The investigated and analyzed parameters in station during the acconpaniment period were exciting, presenting better values of efficiency of removal of polluents in comparison with others stations of the region.

The efficiency of wastewater treatment systems is commonly measured by the reductions of parameters such as biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) and/or reductions in levels of selected macro compounds (e.g. long-chained hydrocarbons and inorganic compounds). Less attention has generally been paid to micropollutants with high potential toxic effects, such as polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs), including unsubstituted and alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dibenzothiophenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), human pharmaceuticals and by-products formed during the treatment process. These organic micropollutants occur in wastewaters at trace and ultra-trace levels, therefore their detection requires advanced, costly analyses and large sample volumes. Furthermore, concentrations of micropollutants can fluctuate widely both diurnally and between days. Thus, in order to understand the fate of micropollutants in wastewaters there is a need to develop sampling techniques that allow representative samples to be readily collected. In the work underlying this thesis two types of diffusive passive samplers, semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCISs), were used to monitor non-polar and polar organic micropollutants in wastewaters subjected to various treatment processes. The pollutants sequestered in these samplers represent micropollutants in the dissolved phase that are available for aquatic organisms. Further, since they collect pollutants in an integrative manner, i.e. they sample continuously during the selected exposure time (usually approx. one to ca. three weeks), the results provide time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations. In addition, the effects of various environmental factors on the uptake of analyzed micropollutants in POCISs and SPMDs were investigated using laboratory calibration and in situ calibration with performance reference compounds (PRCs). The results confirm that SPMDs are good sampling tools for investigating the efficacy of wastewater treatment processes for removing non-polar PACs and PCBs, and the effects of varying the process settings. In addition, analyses of process streams in municipal sewage treatment plants demonstrated that conventional sewage treatment processes are not optimized for removing dissolved four-ringed PAHs, some of the five-ringed PAHs, and tri- to hexa-chlorinated biphenyls. The removal of bioavailable PACs was enhanced by adding sorbents with high sorption capacities to the sludge used in the activated sludge treatment step, and a biologically activated carbon system was designed that robustly removed bioavailable PACs, with removal efficiencies of 96.9-99.7 percent across the tested ranges of five varied process parameters. In situ SPMD calibration data acquired show that uptake of PACs, described by SPMD sampling rates (Rs), were four to eight times higher than published laboratory calibrated Rs values, mainly due to strong (bio)fouling and turbulence effects. In addition, the laboratory calibration study demonstrated that temperature affects the POCIS uptake of pharmaceuticals. The uptake of four pharmaceuticals was higher, by 10-56 percent, at 18 °C compared to 5 °C. For two of the pharmaceuticals our data indicate that the uptake was lower by 18-25 percent at 18 °C. Our results also indicate that uptake of the studied pharmaceuticals was in the linear phase throughout the 35 day exposure period at both temperatures. Finally, calibration studies enabled aqueous concentrations of micropollutants to be more accurately estimated from amounts collected in the passive samplers.