Contrary to popular belief, Tartan Noir is not a synonym for Scottish noir but a mystifying marketing label for a national literature: dark, contemporary Scottish crime fiction. As it comprises an immense diversity of writing done in such mainstream sub-genres as detective, police, and serial killer fiction, as well as actual noir, I will investigate both the contrasts and the crossovers between said sub-genres. I will show that only few of the writers who are most associated with Tartan Noir write much, or any, noir, whereas most of those who do are not commonly associated with the term. With a view to remedying this, I will discuss the novels which have most influenced the reputation of Tartan Noir alongside those which have most influenced its identity. And by showing how this literature integrates the tension between several highly charged counter concepts – such as conformity and individuality, convention and innovation, sensationalism and thoughtful social, cultural, and political commentary – I hope to demystify Tartan Noir, that is, define the term and refine its use.

This study examines the ideological inflection of the ‘farm killings’ discourse in the Eastern Province Herald articles published in August 1998. ‘Farm killings’ is a media frame which was applied to a spate of killings of people on the country’s farms since 1994. Heightened and sustained media attention on the ‘farm killings’ has lifted the phenomenon from the other ‘run-of-the-mill’ murder crimes, and located it firmly as a matter of public concern and a subject of a broad political and economic debate. In this study I investigate the media coverage of the ‘farm killings’ within the context of these debates. The cultural studies approach to the study of the media provides a fruitful theoretical framework within which this study is located. The ideological examination of the articles is done using the critical linguistics method - a brand of reflexive, interpretative style of analysis which enables a sustained examination of media texts within their social, cultural and historical context. This study’s conclusions pose a challenge to the ‘Fourth Estate’ role often claimed for the media. In particular, it denies that the Herald objectively, fairly and truthfully reflected the experience on the farms during the period of this study. Its main finding is that the newspaper instead, constructed a particular understanding of the killings characterised by subtle racism, bias and partiality.

The main concern of this thesis is to describe the motivation of the offender of murder and psychological background of this extremely aggressive antisocial act. The whole work was conceived from the perspective of expert's witness work. It draws mainly on the knowledge of forensic psychology, as well as other border areas. It is based on a total of processing 38 expert witness statements of accused murderers. In this set, Schlesinger's concept of criminal motivation was applied by using a simple methodology. The aim was to verify whether it is possible to determine the nature of motivation. Also used was the opportunity of causal assessment recidivism, and compared the responses with expert witness's opinion if they were comparable. Both hypothesis were confirmed on significance level α = 0,05. Since this is a relatively unique set of explorands with high proportion of homicide offenders active in organized crime and hired killers, there were compiled descriptive statistics of the tested group, which was divided subsequently into two smaller criterion: murder by organized crime. Group "organized murderers" (n = 17) was compared with the file "unorganized murderers" (n = 21). Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Eng. Violent crime a it's prevention Violence, violent crime and it's prevention are the main focus points of my thesis. Violence is as old as humanity itself, it made and destroyed some of the most famous people of our history and history of the whole world. Violence played and still plays a very important part in building and undoing nations. Even though it's often regarded as the last measure, violence is still present in our everyday lives. That's why it's still importat to study this subject. The main goal of my thesis is to elaborate the basics of violent crime and it's prevention as a whole and in the Czech Republic. Is the prevention system and it's goals set right to prevent violent crime and crime altogether? Is consumation of alcohol and other substances linked to the violent crime? Those are just few questions that I try to answer in this thesis. My thesis is split into seven parts. In parts one to seven I covered main focus of my thesis. In part one I cover the basics that are important for my work as a whole. Terms like criminality, criminology and violence. In the second part I write about offenders, their categories and differences between them based on their chracteristics. I also split them into categories based on their relationship with the educational system. In part three I...

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2018-01-24T22:47:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_CRISTIANO.pdf: 14557157 bytes, checksum: 6c48db0ddca37f0c79a37b2c748c5974 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T22:47:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O_CRISTIANO.pdf: 14557157 bytes, checksum: 6c48db0ddca37f0c79a37b2c748c5974 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / This report is the result of a study about the homicide crimes in Feira de Santana between the years 2012 and 2014. The research is based on data collected in the Medico-Legal Institute of Feira de Santana, which were tabulated, organized in graphics and spatialized according to the areas of events and other planned categories such as gender, age of the victims, ethnicity, place of residence and place of death. The study attempts to grasp information about this type of crime, the profile of the victims and produce a spatial distribution of these events by comparing them and dialoguing with research and criminological debates. It was also made an analysis of this information by comparing them with violence map data in Bahia and Brazil. / Este relat?rio ? o resultado de um estudo sobre os crimes de homic?dios praticados em Feira de Santana entre os anos de 2012 e 2014. A pesquisa est? fundamentada em dados coletados no Instituto M?dico-Legal de Feira de Santana, os quais foram posteriormente tabulados, organizados em gr?ficos e espacializados segundo as ?reas de ocorr?ncias e outras categorias planejadas, tais como: g?nero, idade das v?timas, etnia, local da resid?ncia e local do ?bito. O estudo busca apreender informa??es acerca deste tipo de crime, o perfil das v?timas e produzir uma espacializa??o destes eventos, comparando-os e dialogando com pesquisas e debates criminol?gicos. Foi feita tamb?m uma an?lise destas informa??es comparando-as com os dados do Mapa da Viol?ncia na Bahia e no Brasil.

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Killings by juvenile offenders have been a matter of concern in the United States since the 1980s. Although the rate of juvenile-perpetrated murders has been declining since the 1990s, it remains problematic, in that juvenile offenders account for approximately 10% of all homicide arrests. Research on recidivism of juvenile homicide offenders (JHOs) is important, due to relatively short follow-up periods in prior studies and a recent Supreme Court ruling that struck down mandatory life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles convicted of murder. The present study was designed to explore long-term patterns of recidivism, and particularly violent recidivism, in a sample of 59 male JHOs from a Southeastern state who were prosecuted as adults for murder or attempted murder in the early 1980s, convicted, and sentenced to adult prison. Furthermore, the predictive utility of a juvenile homicide typology was analyzed, and the offenders who committed sexually-oriented murders were examined in-depth. The results indicated that close to 90% of released offenders have been rearrested during the 30-year follow-up period, and more than 60% have been rearrested for violent offenses. Five offenders completed (4 offenders) or attempted (1 offender) a new homicide. Out of 7 variables tested, race emerged as the only significant correlate of post-release violence. Release from prison, post-release arrests, and post-release violent offenses were not significantly related to the circumstances of the index homicide (crime-oriented v. conflict-oriented). The subsample of juvenile sexual homicide offenders (JSHOs) consisted of 8 offenders; 6 of them were released from prison, 4 were rearrested, and 3 were rearrested for violent offenses. None of the released JSHOs were arrested for a homicide or any sexually-related crimes. The implications of the findings for management of JHOs, the comparability of this study to prior studies, and directions for future research are discussed.

Tacite et Suétone laissent une image délirante de Néron, tout à la fois matricide perfide et histrion précieux, amant insatiable ou Orphée cocasse. La dramatisation de ces visions antagonistes se poursuit depuis l’antiquité depuis l’Octavie du Pseudo-Sénèque jusqu’au Britannicus de Racine. Loin de nous proposer une énième effigie tragique du despote latin, le XVIII e siècle présente une image paradoxale de Néron : d’abord celle d’un despote timoré et peu sanguinaire dans l’œuvre d’Alfieri puis celle d’un dictateur artiste du crime qui se suicide sur scène avec Legouvé. Le sang répandu signifie la mort du classicisme et ouvre la voie au romantisme. Soumet prolonge et accentue la paradoxale vision d’un être sanguinaire et sensible, qui tue pour être libre de s’adonner à sa passion de la scène. C’est ce qu’a bien saisi Marceau qui montre un artiste brimé qui assassine pour compenser ses faiblesses artistiques. A l’inverse, pour Hubay, le crime est l’art théâtral par excellence car il métaphorise la mort de l’esthétique précédente. Le dramaturge hongrois invente un Néron comique. Par ses crimes, le dictateur dramaturge crée la modernité. Il incarne métaphoriquement l’œuvre théâtrale. Il est l’Artiste dramatique qui transmute l’horreur du monde en beauté et sa victime innocente se transcende en objet esthétique. L’artiste tyran assassine par métaphore les conventions arides à respecter, toujours en quête de sensations nouvelles, d’émotions esthétiques à la fois coupables et ensorcelantes. Le meurtre néronien est quête de l’ailleurs esthétique, plasticage plastique des normes, redéfinition de l’œuvre, déflagration, incendie, fureur, mot. / From Roman History, Nero calls attention to him because he both symbolizes the top of the criminal figures and the highest slaughtering actor. This opposition is drawned by all the playwrights from Pseudo-Seneca till Racine who casts the last portrait of the Roman murderer in the climax of the French classicism. However, the Italian poet Alfieri contests this idea. He draws a threatened, distrusted and frightened imperator. To continue this thought, the French Revolution shows on stage Nero’s death. With Legouvé, the dangerous artist commits suicide on stage. The blood, which droops over the scene, translates the end of the French classicism and the beginning of a new area : romanticism. Soumet finishes Britannicus describing a Nero fond of Greek plays. The matricide is set to music and dances by the bombastic murder. Killing his mother is a lyrical party. Nero the bloodthirsty practices playing as well as slaughtering. The decay ! of, Nero’s picture provides a real comic vision of beheading. Marceau looks at the master of offences as a dangerous fool : his jokes are pitiful. In the opposite, Hubay succeeds in painting a hilarious despot : the cleverest performer of the Roman world. He uses to entertain the audience by “kil-ling jokes” ! He brilliantly turns death to performance. To conclude, Nero’s image is reversed. He becomes a comical dictator.

This study is a content analysis of news articles of school shooting incidents that occurred within the United States between 1997 and 2012. This paper was designed to (a) address the current profile of school shooting offenders and offenses, (b) assess a proposed typology of school shootings, (c) consider common case processing characteristics for offenders of school shootings incidents, and (d) address the potential for offender and offense characteristics to affect the amount of media coverage an incident receives. The database of “Major School Shootings in the United States Since 1997” by the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence was used to compile a sample of 101 incidents in which a single offender committed a school shooting. To the extent possible, media accounts were used to corroborate details of each school shooting incident. Data pertaining to the offender characteristics, case processing characteristics, offense characteristics, characteristics regarding a typology, and media coverage characteristics were examined. The current profile and typology were, for the most part, upheld. Six variables proved to be significantly related to the total amount of media coverage an incident received: mental health history, school-related mass murder type, offender/victim type, total victims injured or killed, region of the U.S., and year of incident occurrence. Of these variables, three remained significant in a regression analysis: the school-related mass murder type, region of the U.S., and year of incident occurrence were predictive of the amount of media coverage an incident received. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.

(ENG) Crimes of murder and manslaughter under sections 140 and 141 of the Czech criminal code The main objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the codification of crimes of murder and manslaughter. The last recodification from the year of 2009 brought some significant changes into the area of intentional killings, the most important of which is an increased differentiation in the typology of these crimes. The Czech criminal code now differentiates between murder, premeditated murder and manslaughter. These changes can be seen as part of an effort by the Czech legislature to modernize the criminal law along the lines of legal systems typical in Western Europe. On the other hand, it can also be argued that the new Czech codification preserves its unique approach to certain problems. This thesis analyzes individual parts of sections of the Czech criminal code concerned with murder and manslaughter in a systematic manner. The first chapter deals with the historical context of intentional killings as well as providing an analysis of the new arrangement. Chapter two follows by introducing features common along all three types of intentional killings, specifically the actus reus of the crime. The following chapters then describe the different approaches towards intentional...