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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Impact of different warm-up conditions on hamstring torque and power

Sonnekalb, Sara. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (M.Ed.)--Bowling Green State University, 2005. / Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 54 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references.
2

Alongamento ativo excêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho na postura em pé: efeito sobre a amplitude de movimento e torque muscular. / Active stret ching program of the knee flexor muscle in a standing posture: effect on the ROM and muscle torque.

Batista, Lucia Helena 28 February 2005 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLHB.pdf: 2237464 bytes, checksum: a9f2e45dc713b4d16aefdcfdf7b78613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The relation between flexibility alterations and muscular torque posstretching is not so exploited in literature. There are many stretching techniques and posture used in clinics and sportive activities. The technique of eccentric active stretching in a standing posture, with weight unloading in the stretched limb, is one of them. Thus, a better knowledge of the alterations caused after its application will provide scientific support for its usage. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an eccentric active stretching program of the knee flexor muscles in the standing posture on the evaluated limb on: knee extension ROM, passive torque of knee flexor muscles and isometric and isokinetic concentric and eccentric torque of flexor and extensor muscles of the knee. Methodology: 34 healthy and sedentary volunteers, both genders (34,42 ± 9,3 years) were evaluated. All of them had 20° or more knee flexor muscles shortening. The stretching program was performed twice a week, for four weeks and consisted of 7 consecutive repetitions of 1 min each one with a 30s rest between them. Knee ROM and knee torque were evaluated using an Isokinetic Dynamometer before and after four weeks of intervention. The passive torque and knee ROM were measured passively, while the isometric, concentric and eccentric torque of the flexor and extensor of the knee were measured through maximal voluntary contractions (speeds 30°/s, 60°/s). Results: There was an increase in the knee extensor ROM from 53,7 ± 13° to 30,1 ± 16° (p = 0,0001). No alteration occurred in the passive torque (from 11,2 ± 3N to 10,6 ± 3N; p = 0,09). The isometric extensor and flexor torque increased from 68 ± 67,8N to 187,58 ± 73,5N (p = 0,006) and from 89,68 ± 32,62N to 93,87 ± 33,12N (p = 0,01), respectively. There was a gain of knee extensor concentric torque at 60°/s from 144,44 ± 51,6N to 151,57 ± 58,2N (p = 0,02) and knee extensor eccentric torque at 30°/s from 175,4 ± 71,6N to 189,9 ± 73,8N (p = 0,01). There was an improvement in the flexor eccentric and concentric torque at 30º /s (from 100,3 ± 34,2N to 105,63 ± 35N; p = 0,02 and from 90,7 ± 31,7N to 96,7 ± 31,8N; p = 0,001, respectively). Conclusions: The eccentric active stretching program of the knee flexor muscles in a standing posture was effective to increase knee extension ROM, improving flexibility in the knee flexor muscles, although there was no change in the passive torque. It also improved the isometric and isokinetic peak torque from the muscle group submitted to the stretching and its antagonist group. / A relação entre alterações na flexibilidade e torque muscular pósalongamentos tem sido pouco explorada pela literatura. São inúmeras as técnicas e posturas de alongamento sendo utilizadas tanto nas clínicas quanto em atividades esportivas. A técnica de alongamento ativo excêntrico realizada na postura em pé, com descarga de peso no membro alongado, estão entre elas. Sendo assim, o maior conhecimento das alterações geradas após sua aplicação, dará suporte para que sejam executadas mediante evidências científicas que comprovem sua eficácia. Objetivo: foi avaliar o efeito de um programa de alongamento ativo excêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho na postura em pé com descarga de peso no membro avaliado, sobre as variáveis: Amplitude de movimento (AM) de extensão do joelho, torque passivo dos músculos flexores do joelho e torque isométrico e isocinético dos músculos extensores e flexores do joelho. Metodologia: foram selecionados 34 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 34,42 ± 9,3 anos, sedentários, saudáveis e com, no mínimo, 20º de encurtamento dos músculos flexores do joelho. Todas as variáveis estudadas foram avaliadas pré e pós-programa de alongamento, em um Dinamômetro Isocinético (Biodex Multi-joint System 3). O programa de alongamento dos músculos flexores do joelho foi realizado duas vezes por semana durante quatro semanas. Cada sessão de alongamento consistiu de sete repetições de 1min de alongamento intercaladas com 30 s de repouso. A avaliação da Amplitude de movimento e do torque passivo foram realizados passivamente. O toque isométrico e isocinético concêntrico e excêntrico dos músculos extensores e flexores do joelho, foram testados por meio de contrações voluntárias máximas Contração Voluntária Máxima (CVM) nas velocidades a 30º/s e 60º/s. Resultados: demonstraram aumento na amplitude de movimento de extensão do joelho de 53,7 ± 13° para 30,1 ± 16° (p = 0,0001). O valor do torque passivo não alterou significativamente (11,2 ± 3N para 10,6 ± 3N; p = 0,09). O torque isométrico extensor aumentou de 178,68 ± 67,8N para 187,58 ± 73,5N (p = 0,006) e o flexor de 89,68 ± 32,62N para 93,87 ± 33,12N (p = 0,01). O torque isocinético concêntrico dos músculos extensores aumentou a 60°/s de 144,44 ± 51,6 N para 151,57 ± 58,2N; (p = 0,02) e o excêntrico a 30°/s de 175,4 ± 71,6 N para 189,9 ± 73,8 N; (p = 0,01). O torque isocinético tanto excêntrico quanto concêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho aumentou a 30°/s (de 100,3 ± 34,2 N para 105,63 ± 35 N; p = 0,01 e de 90,7 ± 31,7 N para 96,7 ± 31,8 N; p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: o programa de alongamento ativo excêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho, realizado na postura em pé, foi efetivo em aumentar a amplitude de movimento de extensão do joelho, sendo assim aumentou a flexibilidade dos flexores do joelho, embora não tenha constatado alteração no torque passivo. Também se mostrou eficaz em aumentar o pico de torque isométrico e isocinético tanto do grupo muscular submetido ao alongamento quanto do seu antagonista.
3

Modellierung maximaler menschlicher Muskelmomente auf Basis digitaler Menschmodelle – am Beispiel der oberen Extremitäten

Kaiser, André 06 April 2018 (has links)
Als Werkzeuge der virtuellen Ergonomie dienen arbeitswissenschaftliche digitale Menschmodelle zur ergonomischen Gestaltung von Produkten und Arbeitsplätzen. Hohen Weiterentwicklungsbedarf bestimmen ihre Anwender vor allem für die integrierten Kraftanalysen. Eine Möglichkeit zur gelenkwinkel- und kraftrichtungsabhängigen Berechnung statischer Aktionskräfte ohne komplexe Muskelmodellierung basiert auf Muskelmomenten, welche in Maximalmomentkörpern modelliert werden. Die Arbeit schildert und diskutiert detailliert die Berechnung solcher Maximalmomentkörper am rechten Oberarm. Zwei separate Studien ermöglichen die Erstellung und Evaluierung. Im Rahmen der ersten Studie werden maximale Muskelmomente der Hauptbewegungen von Ellenbogen und Schulter in Abhängigkeit der Gelenkwinkelstellungen erfasst und in Polynomen interpoliert. Durch diese gelenkwinkelabhängigen Momente können die Maximalmomentkörper modelliert werden. Im Rahmen der zweiten Studie werden wirkenden Muskelmomente mit den prognostizierten verglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Maximalmomentkörper die wirkenden Muskelmomente bei maximalen Kraftaufbringungen im Mittel auf etwa 2 % genau vorhersagen, wobei einen Streubereich von etwa 50 % zu beachten ist. Der Streubereich ist dabei durch eine kritische Diskussion erklärbar und unter anderem den psychophysischen Verfahren einer Maximalkraftmessung zurechenbar. / Digital human models as tools of virtual ergonomics serve for the design of products and workplaces. High demands for further development determine their users, for the integrated force analyzes. One way to calculate joint-angle- and force-direction-dependent static forces without complex muscle modeling is based on muscle torques, which are modeled in maximum torque bodies known as “M-Potatos”. This work describes and discusses the calculation of such maximum torque bodies for the right upper arm. Two separate studies allow the preparation and evaluation. The first study explore the maximum muscle torques within the main movement directions of the elbow and shoulder and interpolate them as polynomials of the joint angle position. With these polynomials, the maximum torque bodies can be modeled. The second study compared effective muscle torques with those predicted. The results show that the maximum torque bodies predict the effective muscle moments at maximum isometric force application on average at about 2%, with a range of about 50% to be considered. The range can be explained by a critical discussion and, among other things, attributable to the psychophysical method of a maximum force measurement.

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