Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:56:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RobsonXC_TESE.pdf: 8364530 bytes, checksum: 7f1436ee51fbb9bdf5725cecb3f64336 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-14 / This thesis nalyzes the wayfinding in Landscape Museum of Contemporary Art (MPAC), based on the Institute of Contemporary Art CACI, Minas Gerais, Brazil and the Museum of Contemporary Art of the Serralves Foundation, Porto, Portugal. The study focuses on the interrelationship of the public/visitors with the landscape, architecture and contemporary art museums in these, in order to understand visual perception and apprehension of such an environment for their users. For both were confronted documentation (visual and written) and people talk. The main hypothesis put forward is that the audience/visitor MPAC appreciates the interrelationship between the natural environment (park/garden) and built environment (the works of contemporary art and the galleries), giving equal value to both. To complement this, a second hypothesis is that during the visit to MPACS, visitors define their paths spontaneously, but strongly influenced by existing visual indicators (maps, signage and striking landscape elements), which facilitate the readability of space, which also contribute to the offered services and the experiences of similar institutions. The analytical basis of the research used the concepts of legibility (LYNCH, 2009), wayfinding (GIBSON, 2009; ARTHUR, PASSINI, 2002; WEISMAN, 1982), Experiential Cotinnum (TUAN, 1985), Space Bound (CRUZ PINTO, 2007) and habitus (BOURDIEU, 1992). Methodologically was used qualitative research (DEMO 2000) by means of a case study (YIN, 2005; STAKE, 1999) and participant observation (WHYTE, 2005). In the two institutions interviews with researchers and curators, behavior observation and questionnaires from employees, trainees, monitors and the public/visitor of the two museums were performed. Although partially referende the initial hypothesis, the research showed that the public/visitor value appears more natural environments, they experience a greater intensity and in addition to the factors listed in the second case, your perception and definition of paths suffer significant influence of emotional relations established with space. Generally the audience/visitor adapts easily to different demands of contemporary art exhibition in the two museums and the built environment (park/garden and museum) interferes with your reading path during the visit, perceived by the public/visitor condition as a factor that favors the enjoyment of works on different mounts (wayfinding), though often become a factor that hinders the legibility of the building and its built environment / Para responder ? pergunta de partida como as pessoas percebem o ambiente de Museus Paisagem de Arte Contempor?nea (MPAC) e se orientam neles? , esta tese investigou a percep??o ambiental de usu?rios de dois museus: o Instituto de Arte Contempor?nea do Inhotim, Minas Gerais, Brasil e a Funda??o de Serralves, Porto, Portugal. O estudo focaliza a interrela??o do p?blico com o espa?o de cada MPAC (conjunto de sua paisagem, arquitetura e arte contempor?nea), focando especificamente quest?es de wayfinding (navegabilidade ambiental), de modo a compreender como tal ambiente ? apreendido pelos visitantes. Para tanto foram confrontadas informa??es provenientes da documenta??o (visual e escrita) das institui??es e dos depoimentos (falas) dos usu?rios. A principal hip?tese defendida ? que o p?blico/visitante de MPAC valoriza a interrela??o entre o ambiente natural (parque/jardim) e o ambiente constru?do (galerias e obras de arte contempor?neas), atribuindo igual valor a ambos. Em complementa??o a esta, uma segunda hip?tese indica que durante a visita aos MPACs, os visitantes definem seus trajetos de maneira espont?nea, por?m fortemente influenciados pelos indicadores visuais existentes (mapas, sinal?tica e elementos marcantes da paisagem), os quais facilitam a legibilidade do espa?o, para o que tamb?m contribuem os servi?os oferecidos e as experi?ncias vivenciadas em institui??es semelhantes. A base anal?tica da pesquisa recorreu aos conceitos de Legibilidade Ambiental (LYNCH, 2009), wayfinding (GIBSON, 2009; ARTHUR, PASSINI, 2002; WEISMAN, 1982), Continuum Experiencial (TUAN, 1985), Espa?o Limite (CRUZ PINTO, 2007) e Habitus (BOURDIEU, 1992). Metodologicamente foi utilizada a pesquisa qualitativa (DEMO, 2000) por meio de estudo de caso (STAKE, 1999; YIN, 2005) e observa??o participante (WHYTE, 2005). Nas duas institui??es foram realizadas entrevistas com pesquisadores e curadores, observa??o de comportamentos e aplica??o de question?rios com o p?blico/ visitante, os funcion?rios, estagi?rios e monitores. A investiga??oreferendou parcialmente a hip?tese inicial, mostrando que o p?blico/visitante aparenta valorizar mais os ambientes naturais, que s?o vivenciados em maior intensidade. Quanto ? segunda hip?tese, al?m dos fatores indicados, a percep??o ambiental e a defini??o de trajetos pelos usu?rios sofre significativa influ?ncia das rela??es emocionais que estabelecem com o espa?o. De maneira geral, em termos de wayfinding verificou-se que o p?blico/visitante: (i) se adapta com facilidade ?s diferentes demandas expositivas da arte contempor?nea nos dois museus; (ii) percebe que a frui??o das obras ? favorecida pelo ambiente vivenciado (espa?o constru?do e parque/jardim), o qual tem interfer?ncia na sua leitura do trajeto durante a visita; (iii) em muitas situa??es, a grande atratividade dos usu?rios pelas obras de arte e pelo parque/jardim dificultam a legibilidade das edifica??es existentes e do seu espa?o interno

En France, après une longue période d'accumulation silencieuse dans les institutions publiques patrimoniales, la photographie fait l'objet de politiques d'enrichissement spécifiques, dans la seconde moitié du XXe siècle, qui influent sur l'évolution de son statut. Dès la fin des années 1930, les responsables du cabinet des Estampes de la Bibliothèque nationale engagent un processus de réévaluation où le médium photographique est enfin considéré comme objet de collection. S'engage alors un programme d'enrichissement audacieux selon une voie duale, documentaire et artistique, où la Bibliothèque nationale ambitionne de devenir un musée de la photographie, le premier en France. En plus de la photographie documentaire qui reste une priorité, l'intérêt des conservateurs se porte d'une part, sur les grands ensembles de photographies du XIXe siècle en vue d'initier une histoire de la photographie sur le modèle de l'histoire de l'art; et d'autre part, sur les auteurs contemporains. La démarche est pionnière et durable, mais elle n'est pas suffisante pour faire reconnaître la photographie comme un art à l'échelle nationale. Près de quarante ans plus tard, en 1976, le secrétariat aux Affaires culturelles s'empare enfin des questions photographiques, mais les quatre directions ministérielles concernées par la photographie réagissent de manière inégale. Dans un environnement photographique qui évolue vers une orientation culturelle, des collections nationales sont créées à la Fondation nationale de la Photographie à Lyon (FNP), au musée national d'Art moderne (MNAM), au Fonds national d'Art contemporain (FNAC) et au musée d'Orsay; et la photographie est enfin reconnue comme un art. Dans les années 1980, sous l'effet conjugué du «Mois de la Photo» de la Ville de Paris et de la politique en faveur de l'art contemporain développée par le ministère de Jack Lang, un des événements artistiques majeurs de la fin du XXe siècle prend forme : la photographie entre dans le champ des arts plastiques. / Photography in France, after a long period of silent accumulation in public cultural institutions, became the object of specific collecting in the second half of the twentieth century. This had a bearing on its status. From the late 1930s onwards, curators in the print cabinet of the Bibliothèque Nationale in a process of re-evaluation at last came to consider the photograph as an object for collection. They set out therefore on a daring collection program with a double focus: documentation and artistic quality. With this the BN declared its ambition to become the leading museum of photography in France. Alongside documentary photographs, which remain a priority, conservatorial interest centered on both large groups of 19th century photographs intended to inaugurate a history of photography modeled on art history, and on contemporary creators. This was a pioneering, and durable approach, but insufficient for a recognition of photography as a national art. Some forty years later, in 1976, the secretariat of Cultural Affairs took over questions concerning photography. But the four ministerial branches concerned by photography reacted in an unequal manner. In a photographic environment evolving towards a cultural orientation, national collections were initiated at the Fondation National de la Photographie, Lyon (FNP), in the Musée National de I' Art Contemporain (MNAM), at the Fonds National d'Art Contemporain (FNAC) and at the Musée d'Orsay. At last photography was recognized as an art. During the 1980s, thanks to the combined effect of the City of Paris, 'Month of the photo', and the favorable policy towards contemporary art of Jack Lang's ministry, one of the major artistic events of the late 20th century took place: photography entered the realm of the plastic arts.

La ricerca affronta il tema del crescente spazio che la considerazione del patrimonio culturale immateriale ha acquisito nel panorama mondiale a partire dagli ultimi decenni, in particolare dal 2003, quando l’UNESCO ha stilato la Convenzione per la salvaguardia del patrimonio culturale immateriale. Oltre a ripercorrere le tappe storiche che nel XX secolo hanno condotto a tale risultato, esso traccia un ancora poco esplorato parallelismo - formale e teorico - tra l’evoluzione del concetto di patrimonio immateriale e lo sviluppo delle forme dell’arte contemporanea a partire dal secondo dopoguerra fino ad oggi. Tale tematica interessa anche il museo e una lettura della sua storia più recente mette in luce le conquiste e le difficoltà conseguenti l’accoglienza di manifestazioni immateriali all’interno delle collezioni. Tale aspetto viene avvicinato anche con gli strumenti dell’estetica fenomenologica, che contribuiscono a valutare possibili future azioni museologiche e museografiche nei confronti del patrimonio immateriale, nella direzione di un maggior rispetto della collezione e di un migliore coinvolgimento dei vari pubblici. Il contributo si sofferma altresì ad approfondire alcuni aspetti dell’architettura contemporanea, della didattica museale e dell’utilizzo delle nuove tecnologie in ambito museale valutandone utilizzi positivi o al contrario poco adeguati per una seria e fruttuosa valorizzazione del patrimonio immateriale. / This PhD dissertation deals with intangible cultural heritage and museums. An increasing interest in intangible heritage has been arising in the world in these last years, especially since 2003, when UNESCO drew up the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage. A detailed historical review shows the steps which brought to this attainment; a formal and theoretical parallelism between intangible heritage and contemporary art is outlined too. A study on the very recent history of museums allows to underline the difficulties museum encounters in collecting intangible heritage. It’s possible to think about new museological solutions thanks to the contribution of aesthetics: the thought of phenomenology helps in finding ways to respect the collection and to involve the publics. The dissertation also deals with the contemporary architecture of museums, with museum education and with the use of new technologies in museums: some uses are bad, others are good and useful for the communication of intangible cultural heritage.