Sung, Kei Yan. / Thesis submitted in: December 2007. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-86). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Background Information / Chapter ´ؤ --- Part I The American Context: Second Half of Twentieth Century --- p.5 / Chapter ´ؤ --- Part II Experimentalism --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Biographical Contexts / Chapter ´ؤ --- Biography - A Transethnic Overview --- p.15 / Chapter ´ؤ --- Harrison and Contemporary Composers: Relationship and Influences --- p.28 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Composing Otherness / Chapter ´ؤ --- Part I Concerto in Slendro: An Anticipation of Asia --- p.38 / Chapter ´ؤ --- Part II Transethnicism in the Mature Period -- Varied Trio --- p.53 / Conclusion --- p.76 / Bibliography --- p.80

This dissertation complements those analytical studies which discuss choral works and techniques of contemporary choral composition, by examining what twentieth-century literature was actually performed within one of the choral traditions of the United States.The a cappella choral tradition has spread widely throughout the United States. Previous studies have examined the history of the pioneering a cappella choirs and the biographies of the movement's leaders. This study also complements them in examining another aspect of the a cappella tradition.Three representative choirs were chosen: the Concordia Choir from Moorhead, Minnesota, Paul J. Christiansen, conductor; the Nordic Choir of Luther College from Decorah, Iowa, Weston Noble, conductor; and the St. Olaf Choir from Northfield, Minnesota, Kenneth Jennings, conductor. These choirs were selected because each had a long tradition of touring -- consequently exposing a broader public to the literature they performed, because each choir has been widely acknowledged for performance excellence, and because each has had remarkable continuity in leadership -having only one or two conductors during the thirty-six year span included in this study.The program archives of each choir were examined to determine the twentieth-century literature which had been performed. Three conductors, Paul J. Christiansen, Kenneth Jennings, and Weston Noble, were interviewed with regard to their ideas concerning selection and preparation of twentieth-century choral music.Though each choir was found to have some distinct patterns, there were also several elements in common among the choirs:1. Each took. seriously the relationship between music and text, and the fact that the choirs were representatives of Lutheran colleges.2. Each emphasized the highest possible level of performance in order that the expressive and aesthetic qualities of the music sung would be comprehended by both singers and audience.3. Each has given a prominent place to twentieth-century music by American composers.4. Each has given a comparatively minor role to music by Scandinavian composers.5. Each has repeated certain works several times during the thirty-six years, helping to establish them in the choral repertory.6. Each has performed an approximately constant quantity of twentieth-century music during the thirty-six years, but each has tended to program progressively more challenging works as time goes on. Appendices present listings of the choral literature included in the study, of the repertory for each choir, and of currently available recordings by the three choirs of twentieth-century choral music. / School of Music

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo das Sinfonias n° 4 e 5 de Dmitri Chostakovitch, analisando as características das duas obras à luz dos acontecimentos que separam a composição das duas sinfonias, em especial o banimento da obra do compositor a partir da publicação do artigo Caos em vez de música em caráter oficial no jornal Pravda em 1936, motivado pelo comparecimento de Stálin à uma apresentação da ópera Lady Macbeth do Distrito de Mtsensk. Este trabalho propõe-se a realizar uma análise que possa evidenciar os diferentes aspectos do impacto da perseguição governamental no discurso musical de Chostakovitch e sua significação para a música do século XX. / This work presents a comparative study of the Symphonies No. 4 and 5 of Dmitri Shostakovich, analyzing the characteristics of the two works in connection with the events that separated the composition of the two symphonies, especially the ban of his works after the publication of the article Chaos instead music in the official media Pravda in 1936, motivated by the presence of Stalin to a performance of the opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District. This work intends to show the various aspects of the impact of government persecution in the musical discourse of Shostakovich and its significance to the music of the twentieth century.

M.A. / During the latter part of the Eighties, a growing number of Afrikaans writers and musicians rebelled against the monolithic state of "Afrikaner-culture". The dissidents did not want to identify or be identified with the Apartheid government, and they tried alternative ways in which to live out their cultural heritage (Uys in Rathbone, 1989:25). This search for an "alternative" led to the coining of the term "Alternative Afrikaans Movement" (Altematiewe Afrikaanse Beweging) in the media. A part of the Afrikaner-culture had been appropriated by certain institutions that were seen as the "centre" (such as cultural, political and religious institutions). These institutions strove to create a monolithic culture of unity without taking into account that such "unity" may lead to stagnation of the cultural repertoire due to an abhorrence to change. Change is part of the dynamic processes of culture, and any change can be due to external and as internal factors. In the case of the Afrikaner-culture of the eighties external factors such as changes in the world politics, the fall of communism and economic sanctions, influenced the cultural centre. Internal change also played a pivotal role in the dramatic changes that Afrikaner culture underwent during the late eighties and the early nineties. The total control of the centre was rejected by entities such as the Alternative Afrikaans movement on the periphery of the culture. Theperi_phery challenged the centre with lyrics of Alternative Afrikaans Music as well as texts that were deemed "alternative" such as the novel Suidpunt-jazz by Andre Letoit. The centre _proposed an amalgamation of Afrikaner culture and Afrikaner power. The Alternative Afrikaans Movement can be likened to Degenaar's (1982:3) proposal of the morally-critical Afrikaner that wants to separate Afrikaner power and Afrikaner culture. In this study the basic premise is that culture cannot be seen as a static or isolated phenomenon. Vlasselaers (1997:14) describes the concept of culture as a poststructuralist discursive process between a multitude of networks. The complexity inherent to cultural construction has lead me to make use of systems theory in order to best accommodate the complexities. Many academics (such as Segers, Schmidt and Vlasselaers) have examined the phenomena of culture and cultural studies through literary studies "as it is inadequate to study literary texts in isolation from their contexts" (Schmidt, 1997:119). The systems theory operates as an instrument with which one may reconstruct a model of interacting items, i.e. a system. Themes voicing the rebellion of Alternative Afrikaans Movement can be discerned in the texts deemed "alternative". Thematic devices include the reappropriation of institutionalized cultural symbols such as the ox-wagon (ossewa), and the debunking of a canonized history. The Alternative Afrikaans Movement also took cognisance the socio-political milieu of the eighties into their texts in order to voice their dissatisfaction with the "official" silence maintained about the socio-political status quo. Ultimately, this investigation is a study of the workings of a "culture of difference" (Vlasselaers, 1996:17), honin_g an investigative instrument that can be applied to different cultural phenomena, including literature. This study sheds some light on the dynamics of Afrikaner-culture, and also on the invaluable role that diversity plays within a multicultural South African context.

This study is an examination of the Surrealist movement and its influence on the piano music of twentieth century American composers. The first chapter explores the philosophies of the Surrealists as well as the characteristics found in Surrealist art and literature. The characteristics discussed include: 1) the practice of automatism; 2) the juxtaposition of unrelated themes or images; and 3) the creation of dream-like atmospheres.

Musiker müssen ihr Gehör ständig weiterentwickeln und schärfen. Es ist essentiell für Komponisten, Bühnenmusiker und Musikwissenschaftler, sowohl subkutane als auch offensichtliche Strukturen in der Musik so akkurat wie möglich wahrnehmen zu können. Daraus folgt, dass Gehörbildung eine zentrale Rolle im Lehrplan einer jeden akademischen Institution einnehmen sollte, die eine musikalische Ausbildung anbietet. Die konventionellen Methoden der Gehörbildung wie Melodie- und Rhythmusdiktat oder Stilanalyse reichen jedoch in vielen Fällen nicht aus, um die ganze Palette musikalischen Ausdrucks zeitgenössischer klassischer Werke zu erfassen. Deren Sprache basiert oft nicht nur auf Tonhöhe und Takt, sondern auf spektraler Wandlung und Beschaffenheit. Es besteht daher die dringende Notwendigkeit, sowohl die Rolle als auch die Methoden der Gehörbildung neu zu überdenken. Ein einzigartiges Beispiel einer neuen Herangehensweise findet sich in der französischen elektroakustischen Musik. Der Schriftsteller, Administrator und Komponist Pierre Schaeffer (1910–95) formulierte ein theoretisches System zur Kategorisierung und Beschreibung von Klängen, sein Programme de la Recherche Musicale. Schaeffers Klangmaterialien existierten als Aufnahmen, von denen viele studiotechnisch bearbeitet waren. Dies machte die unmittelbare visuelle Identifikation ihrer Klangquellen unmöglich. Die von Schaeffer entwickelte Methode verlangt daher die eingehende, rein gehörmäßige Untersuchung aller wahrnehmbaren Eigenschaften eines Klangs. Diese Vorgehensweise führt zwingend zu erhöhter Sensibilität gegenüber dem Ausdruckspotential klanglicher Qualitäten, beispielsweise dem allure oder grain – Charakteristiken, die von Komponisten oft übergangen werden. Schaeffers Herangehensweise beschränkt sich darin nicht nur auf das Tonstudio, sondern kann auch auf Vokal- und Instrumentalmusik angewandt werden. / All musicians must develop and refine their listening skills. It is essential for composers, performers and musicologists to perceive as accurately as possible the interaction between low-level and high-level structures in music. Consequently, aural training occupies a central position in the curriculum of all music schools. However, traditional aural skills such as melodic/rhythmic dictation and style analysis are not necessarily suitable to the demands of contemporary musical languages. Such languages are often based not solely on pitch and metre, but on spectral transformation and texture. There is, therefore, an urgent need to reconsider both the role and the methods of aural training in music education. A unique example of a new approach originated from French electroacoustic music. The writer, administrator and composer, Pierre Schaeffer (1910–95) formulated a theoretical framework for the classification and description of sounds. This is his Programme de la Recherche Musicale. Schaeffer’s sound material existed as recordings, many of which were transformed by studio techniques. As a result, visual corroboration of sound sources was impossible. Schaeffer’s method, therefore, demanded the scrupulous examination of all perceptible features of sound by aural perception alone. This process inevitably leads to a greater sensitivity to the musical potential of characteristics often ignored by composers such as allure and grain. Furthermore, Schaeffer’s systematic approach is not limited to the studio but can be applied to vocal and instrumental music.

Text in Afrikaans / Art History, Visual Arts & Musicology / D.Mus. (Musiekwetenskap)

Government investigations into the motion picture industry are well-documented, as is the widespread blacklisting that was concurrent. Not nearly so well documented are the many investigations of musicians and musical organizations which occurred during this same period. The degree to which various musicians and musical organizations were investigated varied considerably. Some warranted only passing mention, while others were rigorously questioned in formal Congressional hearings. Hanns Eisler was deported as a result of the House Committee on Un-American Activities' (HUAC) investigation into his background and activities in the United States. Leonard Bernstein, Marc Blitzstein, and Aaron Copland are but a few of the prominent composers investigated by the government for their involvement in leftist organizations. The Symphony of the Air was denied visas for a Near East tour after several orchestra members were implicated as Communists. Members of musicians' unions in New York and Los Angeles were called before HUAC hearings because of alleged infiltration by Communists into their ranks. The Metropolitan Music School of New York, led by its president-emeritus, the composer Wallingford Riegger, was the subject of a two day congressional hearing in New York City. There is no way to measure either quantitatively or qualitatively the effect of the period on the music but only the extent to which the activities affected the musicians themselves. The extraordinary paucity of published information about the treatment of the musicians during this period is put into even greater relief when compared to the thorough manner in which the other arts, notably literature and film, have been examined. This work attempts to fill this gap and shed light on a particularly dark chapter in the history of contemporary music.

The purpose of this survey is to evaluate the contribution that the Westminster Choir movement has made to choral music in the United States today. It is hoped after the contributions have been stated by the investigator that the important position Westminster Choir College is occupying will be better understood.

Ng, Ka Chai. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-216). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i-iii / Acknowledgements --- p.iv-v / List of Plates --- p.vii / List of Examples --- p.viii-x / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xii-xvi / Chapter Chapter One --- "Introduction: Mission, Liturgy, Music, and the Study of Catholic Church in China" --- p.1-14 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Overview of the History of Chinese Catholic Church: Evangelization and Indigenization --- p.15-28 / Chapter Chapter Three --- Catholic Liturgy and Music in China: Between Orthodoxy and Participation --- p.29-57 / Chapter Chapter Four --- "Vincent Lebbe's Experiences, and the Formation of his Ideas towards Liturgy, Music and Monasticism" --- p.58-75 / Chapter Chapter Five --- "The Chant Books of Lebbe: Sources, Structures and Liturgical Practices" --- p.76-110 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Stylistic Features of Lebbe's Arrangements of Gregorian Chant for Chinese Language --- p.111-154 / Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion: Receptions and Cultural Representation of Vincent Lebbe's Chinese Gregorian Chant --- p.155-170 / Appendices / Notes to the Appendices --- p.171 / Appendix A - Contents of Lebbe's Chant Book for the Divine Office --- p.172-192 / Appendix B - Contents of Lebbe's Chant Book for Benediction --- p.193-195 / Appendix C - Contents of Lebbe's Chant Book for the Mass --- p.196-198 / Bibliography --- p.199-216