The oboe, which first came into being in the middle of the seventeenth century in France, underwent a number of changes throughout the following century. French instruments were influenced both by local practices and by the introduction of influences from other parts of Europe. The background of the makers of these instruments as well as the physical properties of the oboes help to illuminate the development of the instrument during this period. The examination of measurements, technical drawings, photographs, and biographical data clarify the development and dissemination of practices in oboe building throughout eighteenth-century France. This clarification provides new insight into a critical period of oboe development which has hitherto not been exclusively addressed.

This study examines what makes a keyed brass instrument, early keyed brass instruments, and keyed brass instruments of today. Focuses on the Cornett, the Serpent, the Basshorn and Russian Bassoon, the Ophicleide, the Horn, the Keyed Trumpet, and the Keyed Bugle.

No description available.

The purpose of this paper is to acquaint the reader with the state of the recorder as a musical instrument in this century. Information has been gathered from standard texts and journal articles to gain more recent ideas. The work is divided into three sections: (1) a brief history of the instrument; (2) a biographical sketch of Arnold Dolmetsch, the man who was most responsible for the revival of the recorder in this century; and (3) a detailed examination of the use of the recorder today. This last section includes the recorder in education, music written for it, recorder performance and organizations, and construction of the recorder. An appendix lists recorders that are available to players in this country. It is this writer's conclusion that the recorder today has regained its status as a performing medium.

Chuen Fung Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 94-102). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese Translation) --- p.iii / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Figures and Tables --- p.viii / Romanization and Translation --- p.ix / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Beyond Ethnomusicology and Music History --- p.1 / Music Scholarship and Historiography in Modern China --- p.3 / Modern Research on Guqin: Becoming a Chinese Instrument --- p.8 / On Methodology --- p.11 / Chapter 2. --- The Making of Modern Notation: Reformation Models of Guqin Notation in the Twentieth Century --- p.14 / Introduction --- p.14 / Guqin Notation --- p.16 / Traditional Notation/Pre-Modern: An Imagined Tradition --- p.18 / Modern Changes --- p.20 / Notation Model in Oinxue Rumen --- p.21 / Notation Model in Qinjing --- p.23 / Wang Guangqi's Model --- p.25 / Yang Tinliu's Reformation Proposal --- p.28 / Gong Yi´ةs Guqin Yamoufa --- p.31 / Concluding Remarks: The Making of a Modern Notation --- p.35 / Chapter 3. --- Between Creativity and Reconstruction: Dapu and Its Changing Concept --- p.38 / Introduction --- p.38 / Defining Dapu --- p.40 / "Between Ancient and Modern, Historical and Creative" --- p.41 / The Power of Silk String --- p.46 / Dapu in Modern China and Its Practical Uses --- p.48 / Concluding Remarks: Dapu and Modernity in China --- p.51 / "Epilogue: A Brief Report on the Fourth National Dapu Conference,19-26 August 2001, Changshu" --- p.56 / Chapter 4. --- Becoming a Chinese Music history: Guqin and Music Historiography --- p.60 / Introduction --- p.60 / Music Historiography and the Work-Concept in China --- p.63 / Guqin and Musical Works --- p.66 / Situating Guqin Music into History: The Irony of Meihua Sannong --- p.68 / The Tactics of Historicization: The Case of Lisao --- p.72 / Werktreue and Chinese Music Historiography: A Conceptual Imperialism --- p.76 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion: Guqin and Postcolonial Modernity in China --- p.80 / Introduction --- p.80 / A Postcolonial Reading --- p.82 / The Quest for Modernity --- p.83 / Final Remarks: On Translation and Chinese Music Scholarship --- p.86 / Appendix A Chinese Dynasties and Historical Periods --- p.88 / "Appendix B Map of China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan" --- p.89 / Appendix C General Histories of Chinese Music --- p.90 / Reference Cited --- p.94 / Glossary of Chinese Terms --- p.103

No description available.

A study was conducted with third-grade children in a university laboratory school to determine the relative effectiveness of a method for teaching recorder in which the sequential objectives are logically ordered by Edwin Gordon's empirical model of learning sequence and a traditional method which stresses note reading. The criteria used for comparison were change in the level of developmental music aptitude and performance achievement on the recorder. A review of the literature supported Edwin Gordon's theory of developmental music aptitude which proposes that until about age nine, environmental factors can affect the level of music aptitude, and, at about age nine, music aptitude stabilizes. The review of the literature also supported the use of singing activities with instrumental instruction, and the application of verbal association systems to tonal and rhythmic patterns as pedagogical techniques. Treatment for the control group involved a teaching-learning procedure in which individual fingerings, pitches, and rhythm symbols were presented in isolation and assembled in playing songs from notation. The method used with the experimental group involved a teaching-learning sequence in which children first learned to sing the song by rote. In learning to play the song on the recorder, each melodic and rhythmic pattern was isolated and initially sung or chanted. A verbal association system was then associated with the tonal and rhythmic pattern. The notation representing the pattern was introduced after extensive aural and verbal association experience, and after learning several songs. Primary sources of data included: pretest/posttest using Gordon's PMMA to measure developmental music aptitude change, and a rating scale test to measure recorder performance achievement. Results of the PMMA supported the alternative hypotheses that the experimental group had significantly higher mean composite and rhythmic increases than the control group. The mean increase in the tonal scores was greater for the experimental group, but not significantly higher at the .05 level. Results of the investigator-designed performance achievement tests supported the alternative hypotheses that the experimental method of teaching recorder was more effective in all dimensions--melodic, rhythmic, executive skills, and composite--than the traditional method.

A work concerning the history of the Paris Conservatoire and music education in France. Follows the development of the horn and its correlation with the French school of horn playing. Includes biographic information on the horn professors of the Conservatoire through 1997, as well as a comprehensive list of the morceaux de concours for horn, 1795-1996.

Orientador(a): Sonia Ray / Banca: Sonia Albano de Lima / Banca: Gisela Nogueira / Banca: Fausto Borém / Banca: Patrícia Mihcelini Aguilar / Resumo: O presente trabalho aborda a relação entre a técnica instrumental e a expressão musical. Mais especificamente, investiga a possibilidade de as técnicas estendidas da flauta doce serem utilizadas como elemento veiculador da expressão musical neste instrumento. A relação entre a técnica instrumental e a expressão musical na flauta doce é um tema presente em momentos significativos de sua história. O fato de a flauta doce ser também um instrumento histórico, para o qual foi dedicada extensa bibliografia Renascentista e Barroca, contribuiu para que sua técnica tenha sido organizada em dois eixos principais: o da técnica tradicional (entendida como aquela contida nos tratados históricos) e o das técnicas estendidas (as desenvolvidas a partir da década de 1960). Essa distinção mostra-se, contudo, menos rígida ao proceder-se a um estudo mais aprofundado a respeito das técnicas descritas nos tratados históricos. Sob o ponto de vista conceitual, adota-se o entendimento de Ray (2005) sobre Performance Musical e Técnica; de Padovani; Ferraz, (2011) sobre Técnica Estendida; e de Lehmann; Sloboda; Woody (2007) sobre Expressividade. A metodologia da presente tese envolve trabalho de cunho analítico-reflexivo associado à coleta e execução de repertório. A Tese está estruturada em três capítulos assim organizados: Capítulo I - dedicado à revisão de literatura; Capítulo II - discussão sobre os recursos tradicionais de expressão musical na flauta doce, sobre as técnicas estendidas e sobre expressividade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / The present work deals with the relationship between instrumental technique and musical expression. More specifically, it investigates the possibility that extended recorder techniques can be used as a vehicle for musical expression. The relationship between instrumental technique and musical expression on the recorder is a subject present at significant moments in its history. The fact that the recorder is also a historical instrument, for which an extensive Renaissance and Baroque bibliography was dedicated, contributed to its technique being organized in two main axes: that of traditional technique (understood as that contained in historical treatises) and that of extended techniques (those developed from the 1960s). This distinction is, however, less rigid when a more in-depth study is carried out on the techniques described in the historical treaties. From the conceptual point of view, Ray's (2005) understanding of Musical Performance and Technique is adopted; of Padovani; Ferraz, (2011) on Extended Techniques; and Lehmann, Sloboda and Woody (2007) on Musical Expression. The methodology of the present thesis involves analytical-reflexive work associated with repertoire collection and execution. The thesis is structured in three chapters so organized: Chapter I - dedicated to literature review; Chapter II - discussion of the traditional resources of musical expression in the recorder, on the extended techniques and on the contemporary expressiveness... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Dorotéa Machado Kerr / Banca: Lutero Rodrigues / Banca: Alzira Lobo de Arruda Campos / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar de que formas os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos ocorridos no século XX afetaram a prática musical organística. Transformações históricas, musicais e sociais foram abordadas com o objetivo de compreender as relações estabelecidas entre o instrumento órgão, os músicos, a sociedade e a tecnologia. Tal compreensão pode incentivar novas ideias e novos pontos de vista sobre a função do órgão na sociedade contemporânea, que em grande parte têm vínculos cada vez mais frágeis com a música organística. Por meio de pesquisas em documentos sociais, científicos, mídias distintas, arquivos e entrevistas foi possível formar um panorama das mudanças ocorridas. A análise dessas foi realizada sob a ótica da Sociologia da Tecnologia, em especial da Teoria da Construção Social da Tecnologia, que tem como principal característica tratar as inovações como reações a anseios e desejos de determinado grupo social. A princípio são apresentados conceitos sobre as teorias envolvidas, e é discutido como foram aplicadas no desenvolvimento do trabalho. São analisadas então as principais fases das mudanças ocorridas na prática organística no período abordado: a invenção do Órgão Hammond, em 1935, e as condições que levaram a este desenvolvimento; o surgimento dos órgãos direcionados ao mercado doméstico e a popularização do instrumento eletrônico; o surgimento das tecnologias digitais e os novos rumos da prática organística. Nas conclusões foi demonstrado que, embora ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate how technological developments in the 20th century affected the organ-related musical practice. Historical, musical and social changes were addressed in order to understand the relations between the instrument organ, musicians, society and technology. Such understanding can encourage new ideas and views on the role of the organ in contemporary society, which has increasingly fragile ties to the organ-related music. Through research in social and scientific documents, different media, files and interviews was possible to form an overview of the changes. The analysis of these was carried out from the perspective of Sociology of Technology, particularly the theory of social construction of technology, whose main characteristic is to treat innovations as reactions to longings and desires of a particular social group. The principle concepts on the theories involved are presented, and is discussed as they were applied in the development of work. Following are analyzes of the main changes in organ-related practice in the covered period: the invention of the Hammond Organ in 1935, and the conditions that led to this development; the emergence of organs directed to the domestic market and popularization of electronic instrument; the emergence of digital technologies and new ways of organ-related practice. In the conclusions was demonstrated that, although the presence of electronic organs is increasingly evident, often not as a supplement... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre