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Thesis (Ph.D. (English)) - Rhodes University, 2009.

T.S. Eliot's use of allusion is crucial to the structure and themes of his early poetry. It may be viewed as a compulsion, evident in even the earliest poems, rather than just affectation or elitism. His allusions often involve the reversal or re-ordering of constructions of gender in other literature, especially in other literary treatments of myth. Eliot's "classical" anti-Romanticism may be understood according to this dual concern with myth and gender, in that his poetry simultaneously derives from and attacks a perceived "feminised" Romantic tradition, one which focuses on female characters and which fetishises, particularly, a sympathetic portrayal of femmes fatales of classical myth, such as Circe, Lamia and Venus. Eliot is thus subverting, or "correcting", what are themselves often subversive genderings of myth. Another aspect of myth, that of the quest, is set in opposition to the predatory female by Eliot. A number of early poems place flâneur figures in the role of questers in a context of constraining feminine influence. These questers attempt, via mysticism, to escape from or blur gender and sexuality, or may be ensnared by such things in fertility rituals. A sadomasochistic motivation towards martyrdom is present in poems between 1911 and 1920. With its dual characteristics of disguise and exposure, Eliotic allusion to ritual and myth is itself a ritual (of literary re-enactment) based on a myth (of literature), namely Eliot's "Tradition". Allusive reconfiguration being a two-way process, Eliot's poetry is often implicitly subverted or "corrected" by its own allusions. Thus we are offered more complex representations of gender than may first appear; female characters may be viewed as sympathetic as well as predatory, male ones as being constructed often from representations of femininity rather than masculinity. The poems themselves demonstrate intense awareness of this fluctuation of gender, which appears in earlier poems as a threat, but in The Waste Land as the potential for a rapprochement between genders. This poem comprises multiple layers of re-enactments and reconfigurations of gender-in-myth, centring upon Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis. The Waste Land's treatment of myth should not be seen as merely reflecting a passing interest in anthropology, but as the culmination of concerns with myth and gender dating back to the earliest poetry. The complex interrelation of the two aspects leaves it unclear whether Eliot's allusive compulsion derives principally from a concern with mythologies of literature or from a concern with mythologies of gender.

The following study is divided into five parts, The first part examines the use of myth in Eguus, Various interpretations of myth are presented and their relationship to Equus is explored. Chapter II covers the relevance of psychology to the play. R, Do Laing's comments on normalcy as the goal of society and Carl Jung's theories on the subconscious are both important to a study of Equus. The philosophy of Nietzsche helps explain some of the ideas in Equus, and Chapter III summarizes his contributions to the study. Chapter IV is a close look at the symbolism of the horse, and Chapter V deals with the yearning for transcendence as discussed by early German Romanticists, Equus is a romantic statement incorporating the fields of myth and psychology.

Orientador: Marcio Roberto Pereira / Banca: Fabiano Rodrigo da Silva Santos / Banca: Adriana Silene Vieira / Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo o estudo da obra Órfãos do Eldorado (2008), de Milton Hatoum, com foco na relação entre mito e memória na obra. O autor é um escritor que possui um estilo de escrita moderna, mas que se aproxima do estilo clássico de outros romancistas, cujo trabalho, para alguns pesquisadores, é expresso mediante o olhar de seus personagens cheios de histórias e subjetividades. Por meio da memória, por exemplo, cada narrativa do autor se transforma, explorando a riqueza e beleza da região amazônica e revelando uma mistura de culturas entre povos estrangeiros, como árabes e judeus, que proporcionam ao leitor a sensibilização e o contato com grandes obras. Além disso, o diálogo entre os mitos e o cotidiano e entre a oralidade e a escritura revela que a busca pelo Eldorado se reconfigura na eterna busca humana pela legitimação de seus desejos e sonhos, sonhos estes voltados à transcendência da realidade comum para alcançar o paraíso perdido. O objetivo desta pesquisa, portanto, é o de analisar o modo como se configura a relação entre mito e memória na obra e como a composição do narrador é essencial na composição do romance. A análise se fundamenta em estudos de Benjamin (1987), Santiago (1989), Paul Ricoeur (2007), Jacques Le Goff (2013), Zygmunt Bauman (2005), Mircea Eliade (2002) e Eleazar Meletinski (1987). / Abstract: This research aims to study the novel Órfãos do Eldorado (2008), by Milton Hatoum, focusing on the relationship between myth and memory in the work. The author is a writer who has a modern writing style but approaches the classic style of other novelists whose work, for some researchers, is expressed through the eyes of his characters full of stories and subjectivities. Through memory, for example, each narrative of the author is transformed, exploring the richness and beauty of the Amazon region and revealing a mixture of cultures between foreign peoples, such as Arabs and Jews, that provide the reader with awareness and contact with great works. In addition, the dialogue between myths and daily life and between orality and writing reveals that the search for the Eldorado is reconfigured in the eternal human search for the legitimation of their desires and dreams, these dreams turned to the transcendence of the common reality to reach paradise lost. The purpose of this research, therefore, is to analyze how the relation between myth and memory in the work is configured and how the composition of the narrator is essential in the composition of the novel. The analysis is based on studies by Benjamin (1987), Santiago (1989), Paul Ricoeur (2007), Jacques Le Goff (2013), Zygmunt Bauman (2005), Mircea Eliade (2002) and Eleazar Meletinski (1987) / Mestre

This dissertation examines modes of citations in Hermann Broch's work Die Schuldlosen. Focusing on the topoi of romanticism and myth, I discuss tensions between Hermann Broch's theoretical arguments and his last literary work. These tensions are an expression and formal manifestation of an auctorial attempt to implement his self-declared principles of literature, such as the creation of epistemological value, the depiction of world totality, and the creation of a new form of expression, a new language, and a new myth. In each chapter, I focus on a different topos relevant to Broch's work Die Schuldlosen. With the help of close readings and a genetic analysis of the work, I demonstrate how Broch creates the unreliable citations that serve his goals. The first chapter illuminates the tension between Broch's theoretical works and Die Schuldlosen concerning the topos of romanticism. In a case study on stone imagery, I ask whether Broch's modes of citing romanticism can be considered a productive intermediate step to creating a new form. I show that Broch's citations can be qualified as unreliable citations, and how structural correspondences intensify their effect on the reader’s experience. The chapter ends with a discussion of the political function of Broch's citations. The second chapter deals with Broch's concept of myth and discusses the tension between Broch's declared intention to develop a new myth and his actual use of existing myths in his works. In two case studies, I trace Broch's citations of the Faust myth and the Don Juan myth. I show that one can understand Broch's specific citations of myth as an experiment to explore how the interruption of a recurring cultural cycle would allow for a new form to develop.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Literature)) --University of Limpopo, 2011 / Refer to document / University of Limpopo

The novel Children Of The Earth is about transformation. It uses Ovid's Metamorphoses as a metaphor for the processes which occur in the psyche of each character, and is based on Jungian insights into myth and alchemy. Archetypes that underlie the unconscious processes of all humanity are seen in the symbolism of three very different religious traditions, namely Greek mythology, the Hebrew Old Testament and Australian Aboriginal beliefs. I explore the ways in which these three great mythologies might have converged in colonial South Australia. The story deals with the troubled marriage of isolated settler couple, Hestia and Adam George, and the effects on it of three people who come into their lives. Itinerant German mineralogist Johannes Menge ( based on a real life pioneer ) is a self-taught, eccentric polymath, and a devout but unorthodox exponent of the Bible. In Jungian terms he fulfils the role of an archetypal, but flawed, ' Wise Old Man'. Menge represents nineteenth century Protestantism, albeit still trailing some arcane superstitions. His protégé, a disgraced young teacher of classics, calls himself Hermes, and represents the role of Greek mythology in European civilization. Reliving the life of the mercurial god in the antipodes, he becomes messenger, trickster and seducer. Unatildi, an Indigenous girl whom Adam finds in a burnt-out tree trunk, is an archetypal maiden. She introduces the Europeans to the mythology of their new land, as sacred for her people as the Bible is for Johannes Menge. Each of these three characters plays a part in transforming the marriage of Adam and Hestia, and each, in turn, undergoes a personal metamorphosis. Aboriginal women act as midwives at the birth of the love-child of Hestia and Hermes. Named Sophia, after the goddess of wisdom, the new child is thought to have inherited the miwi spirit of Unatildi's lost infant. On his deathbed, as Menge bequeaths his wisdom to his Australian friends, he predicts that Sophia will understand the sacredness of all spiritual life. Eventually Hestia and Adam find themselves changed by their encounters with the archetypes of myth. News of Menge's death on the goldfields gives them the courage they need to begin rebuilding an honest relationship. The novel is 107,400 words in length and is accompanied by an exegesis of 20,170 word, entitled Myth And Alchemy In Creative Writing. The exegesis describes the interactive process of researching and writing, as well as exploring the value of Jungian concepts for creative writing, and current issues of creating Indigenous characters. There is an emphasis on the Jungian approach to mythology and alchemy. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Humanities, 2006.

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2006. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Feb. 8, 2007). Thesis advisor: Thomas Haddox. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Texte remanié de : Dissertation : Romanistik : philosophische Fakultät der Universität Bonn : 1984. / Bibliogr p. 241-271. Index.