Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este estudo trata da representação do herói nas histórias em quadrinhos do Japão, os mangás, e dos Estados Unidos, os comics. Esta análise se propõe a comparar a figura do samurai, focada nos títulos Samurai X e Vagabond, e do super-herói, através de Superman e Batman. Para tal, utilizam-se duas minisséries norte-americanas de cada um dos títulos escolhidos publicadas entre o final da década de 1980 e a década de 1990, mesmo período dos quadrinhos japoneses. Os títulos escolhidos ilustram questões-chaves para o entendimento da figura do herói: seu surgimento, morte e confronto com antagonistas. Considerando o vasto material relacionado aos personagens norte-americanos, criados no final da década de 1930, optou-se por trabalhar com sagas específicas ao invés da obra como um todo, o que só foi possível no caso dos mangás. Por isso, essa análise se baseará nas histórias em quadrinhos publicadas a partir do final da década de 1980, preservando assim a paridade cronológica entre comics e mangás, os quais possuem uma cronologia mais rígida se comparada aos primeiros. Quanto aos segmentos escolhidos, no lado do Superman, farão parte dessa análise os arcos Man of Steel, de 1986, com a origem do personagem e A Morte e o Retorno do Superman, de 1992. Já em Batman serão analisadas as HQs Batman: Ano Um, de 1987 e Knightfall, de 1993. / This study talks about the representation of the hero in Japanese comics, the manga, and North-American comics. This analysis intends to compare the samurai figure, focused on the titles Samurai X (Rurouni Kenshin) and Vagabond, and the superhero figure, through Superman and Batman. Therefore, two miniseries were chosen from each American character, published between the final part of 1980s and the 1990s, same period of time that the Japanese ones. The chosen titles illustrate key-questions to the understanding of the hero figure: its origins, death and confrontation with antagonists. Considering the vast material related to the American characters, created at the end of the 1930 decade, this research chose to deal with specific sagas instead of the whole work, which was only possible in the mangas. Therefore, this analysis will be based on comic books published from the late 1980s, thus preserving the parity in time between comics and mangá, whose chronology is much stricter. The segments of chosen were, from Superman, Man of Steel, of 1986, telling the origins of the character and The Death and Return of Superman, of 1992. From Batman will be analyzed Batman: Year One, of 1987, and Knightfall, of 1993.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro / Este estudo trata da representação do herói nas histórias em quadrinhos do Japão, os mangás, e dos Estados Unidos, os comics. Esta análise se propõe a comparar a figura do samurai, focada nos títulos Samurai X e Vagabond, e do super-herói, através de Superman e Batman. Para tal, utilizam-se duas minisséries norte-americanas de cada um dos títulos escolhidos publicadas entre o final da década de 1980 e a década de 1990, mesmo período dos quadrinhos japoneses. Os títulos escolhidos ilustram questões-chaves para o entendimento da figura do herói: seu surgimento, morte e confronto com antagonistas. Considerando o vasto material relacionado aos personagens norte-americanos, criados no final da década de 1930, optou-se por trabalhar com sagas específicas ao invés da obra como um todo, o que só foi possível no caso dos mangás. Por isso, essa análise se baseará nas histórias em quadrinhos publicadas a partir do final da década de 1980, preservando assim a paridade cronológica entre comics e mangás, os quais possuem uma cronologia mais rígida se comparada aos primeiros. Quanto aos segmentos escolhidos, no lado do Superman, farão parte dessa análise os arcos Man of Steel, de 1986, com a origem do personagem e A Morte e o Retorno do Superman, de 1992. Já em Batman serão analisadas as HQs Batman: Ano Um, de 1987 e Knightfall, de 1993. / This study talks about the representation of the hero in Japanese comics, the manga, and North-American comics. This analysis intends to compare the samurai figure, focused on the titles Samurai X (Rurouni Kenshin) and Vagabond, and the superhero figure, through Superman and Batman. Therefore, two miniseries were chosen from each American character, published between the final part of 1980s and the 1990s, same period of time that the Japanese ones. The chosen titles illustrate key-questions to the understanding of the hero figure: its origins, death and confrontation with antagonists. Considering the vast material related to the American characters, created at the end of the 1930 decade, this research chose to deal with specific sagas instead of the whole work, which was only possible in the mangas. Therefore, this analysis will be based on comic books published from the late 1980s, thus preserving the parity in time between comics and mangá, whose chronology is much stricter. The segments of chosen were, from Superman, Man of Steel, of 1986, telling the origins of the character and The Death and Return of Superman, of 1992. From Batman will be analyzed Batman: Year One, of 1987, and Knightfall, of 1993.

Dans la présente étude, nous analysons l'ensemble des romans de DVC, un écrivain niçois, afin de dégager les différents aspects de son écriture et leurs liens avec sa personnalité. Notre thèse tente de trouver des réponses aux questions suivantes : l'écriture de DVC est-elle une écriture de la mort ou plutôt de la naissance? Quelles sont les spécificités de son univers romanesque? Comment naît cet univers et comment l'écriture prend-elle forme? Quel espace constitue l'ensemble des romans ?Cette recherche comporte trois parties : la première, la signature Cauwelaert étudie les spécificités stylistiques de l’auteur. Nous nous penchons sur son style, son écriture fragmentaire, ludique, musicale et sur la façon dont il stylise ses textes tout en développant des textes possibles. Nous analysons le noyau psychocritique pour en dévoiler son mythe personnel et nous étudions les sous-genres auxquels ses récits se rattachent: roman fantastique, comique et policier.La deuxième partie s’intitule les interactions autour du texte. On envisage les relations qui se tissent entre l'auteur et ses textes, entre l'auteur et le lecteur et avec d'autres écrivains. On interroge aussi la genèse de cet univers romanesque et l'image de l’auteur à travers ses textes.La troisième partie, le massif romanesque, prend pour objet la distribution actantielle des personnages, la fiction et la forme de la narration. L'étude envisage la progression diachronique des romans et l'évolution de l'auteur. Enfin nous analysons l'espace du roman qui se structure en roman-espace, lequel se présente comme un univers d'espoir et d'émotion où les instances se mêlent et où la perception crée un monde miniature. / In the present study, we analyze all the novels of Didier van Cauwelaert, a writer from Nice, in aim to demonstrate the different aspects of his writing and their relation with his personality. Our thesis tries to find answers to many questions as: is the writing of DVC a writing of birth or of death? What are the particularities of his novels’ universe? How do this universe and the writing take shape? What kind of space the novels constitute?This research is composed of three parts: the first, Cauwalaert’s signature, studies the stylistic particularities of the writer. We develop his style, the piecemeal, playful, musical writing, and we show how he stylizes his texts by developing possible texts. We analyze also the psychocritic nucleus revealing his personal myth and we study the multiple sub-genres of his novels: the fantastic, comic and police ones. The second part is entitled the inter actions around the text. It envisages the relations uniting the writer to his texts, to the lector and to other writers. We ask the genesis of this fictional universe and the image of the writer through his novels.The third and last part, the massif of novels, aims the casting, the distribution of roles, the fiction and the form of narration. This part of the study envisages the diachronic progression of all the novels. We look into the evolution of the writer and his relationship with his time. Finally, we analyze the space of the novels that gives structure to a novel-space which is a universe of hope and emotion where the narrative instances melt and the perception creates a miniature world.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:01:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1786722 bytes, checksum: 1f37882f48cc5060cd22a94e02c312c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation has the purpose of analysing the mythical-symbolic meaning of the Grail in its correlation with the myth of the hero, here represented by the ideal of medieval cavalry. Work with the hyphotesis that between the lines of Grail myth lies virtue as the path which leads to acquaintance of self and transcendence, being the Grail an immaterial good symbolised by many objects. Between two axes, history and myth, I bring some reflections to analyse the meaning of the Grail. Regarding methodological procedures, I made use of bibliographical research based on seminal romances from twelfth and thirteenth centuries, Perceval or the Story of the Grail by Chrétien de Troyes and Parzival by Wolfram Von Eschenbach. Such romances were examined from referential theory of the Antrophological Structures of Imaginary by Gilbert Durand and of comparative mythology by Joseph Campbell. / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o significado mítico-simbólico do Graal em sua conexão com o mito do herói, aqui representado pelo cavaleiro medieval. Trabalho com a hipótese que nas entrelinhas do mito do Graal está a virtude como o caminho que leva para o encontro de si mesmo e da transcendência, sendo o Graal um bem imaterial simbolizado por vários objetos. Entre os dois pólos, história e mito, trago algumas reflexões para analisar o significado do Graal. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos, utilizei a pesquisa bibliográfica, com base nos romances seminais dos séculos XII e XIII, Perceval ou o Romance do Graal, de Chrétien de Troyes e Parsifal, de Wolfram Von Eschenbach. Tais romances foram analisados a partir do referencial teórico das Estruturas Antropológicas do Imaginário de Gilbert Durand e da mitologia comparada de Joseph Campbell.

Por meio deste trabalho, inserido na área de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, objetivou-se estudar o modo como a Literatura para Juventude representa a passagem da adolescência para a idade adulta, tendo em vista a contribuição que os textos literários podem prestar para o processo de formação da subjetividade dos jovens, seja de modo realístico ou simbólico. Em termos de referencial teórico, trabalhou-se com o pensamento de diversos estudiosos da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, tanto daqueles cujos trabalhos ativeram-se à investigação do ego, quanto dos que foram além e professaram teorias a respeito do self e do processo de individuação. No sentido de demonstrar a validade do mito do herói como estrutura narrativa simbólica do adultescer, empreendeu-se estudo comparativo de O relógio do mundo, do autor brasileiro Lino de Albergaria, com Aventuras de João Sem Medo: panfleto mágico em forma de romance, de José Gomes Ferreira, obra clássica da Literatura Portuguesa. Por meio da análise dos textos, construídos com base nas invariantes do conto maravilhoso, procurou-se demonstrar que, do ponto de vista da natureza psíquica, a conquista da maturidade é processo universal e atemporal, porém, o modo desta expressar-se no mundo está diretamente ligado com a cultura de cada lugar e época. / Placed within the field of Comparative Studies on Literature Written in Portuguese, this work has studied how youth literature can represent the passage from adolescence to adulthood, considering the contribution that literary texts may give to the formative process of a youths subjectivity, be it through realism or symbolism. Regarding its theoretical background, the research relies on the ideas of several authors from the field of Developmental Psychology, both those whose works concentrated on investigating the ego, and those who took a further step towards theorizing on the self and the individuation process. For the purpose of demonstrating how the myth of the hero serves as narrative structure to the process of adulting, a comparative study has been undertaken between O relógio do mundo, by the Brazilian author Lino de Albergaria, and Aventuras de João Sem Medo: panfleto mágico em forma de romance, a classic work from Portuguese literature by José Gomes Ferreira. Such works, built upon invariable elements of the marvelous structure, reveal that reaching maturity, in terms of its psychic nature, is a universal and timeless process, nonetheless, the way it is expressed in the world is directly connected to the culture of each specific time and place.

Nikos Kazantzakis� Captain Michales is a freedom fighter in nineteenth century Crete. Patrick White�s Voss is a German explorer in nineteenth century Australia. Two men struggling for achievement, their disparate social contexts united in the same fundamental search for meaning. This thesis makes comparison of these different struggles through thematic analysis of the texts, examining within the narratives the role of food, perceptions of body and soul, landscapes, gender relations, home-coming and religious experience. Themes from the novels are extracted and intertwined, within a range of theoretical frameworks: history, anthropology, science, literary and social theories, religion and politics; allowing close investigation of each novel�s social, political and historical particularities, as well as their underlying discussion of perennial human issues. These novels are each essentially explorations of the human experience. Read together, they highlight the commonest of human elements, most poignantly the need for communion; facilitating analysis of the individual and all our communities. Comparing the two novels also continues the process of each: examining the self both within and outside of the narratives, producing a new textual self, arising from both primary sources and the contextual breadth of such rewriting.

Nikos Kazantzakis� Captain Michales is a freedom fighter in nineteenth century Crete. Patrick White�s Voss is a German explorer in nineteenth century Australia. Two men struggling for achievement, their disparate social contexts united in the same fundamental search for meaning. This thesis makes comparison of these different struggles through thematic analysis of the texts, examining within the narratives the role of food, perceptions of body and soul, landscapes, gender relations, home-coming and religious experience. Themes from the novels are extracted and intertwined, within a range of theoretical frameworks: history, anthropology, science, literary and social theories, religion and politics; allowing close investigation of each novel�s social, political and historical particularities, as well as their underlying discussion of perennial human issues. These novels are each essentially explorations of the human experience. Read together, they highlight the commonest of human elements, most poignantly the need for communion; facilitating analysis of the individual and all our communities. Comparing the two novels also continues the process of each: examining the self both within and outside of the narratives, producing a new textual self, arising from both primary sources and the contextual breadth of such rewriting.

Por meio deste trabalho, inserido na área de Estudos Comparados de Literaturas de Língua Portuguesa, objetivou-se estudar o modo como a Literatura para Juventude representa a passagem da adolescência para a idade adulta, tendo em vista a contribuição que os textos literários podem prestar para o processo de formação da subjetividade dos jovens, seja de modo realístico ou simbólico. Em termos de referencial teórico, trabalhou-se com o pensamento de diversos estudiosos da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, tanto daqueles cujos trabalhos ativeram-se à investigação do ego, quanto dos que foram além e professaram teorias a respeito do self e do processo de individuação. No sentido de demonstrar a validade do mito do herói como estrutura narrativa simbólica do adultescer, empreendeu-se estudo comparativo de O relógio do mundo, do autor brasileiro Lino de Albergaria, com Aventuras de João Sem Medo: panfleto mágico em forma de romance, de José Gomes Ferreira, obra clássica da Literatura Portuguesa. Por meio da análise dos textos, construídos com base nas invariantes do conto maravilhoso, procurou-se demonstrar que, do ponto de vista da natureza psíquica, a conquista da maturidade é processo universal e atemporal, porém, o modo desta expressar-se no mundo está diretamente ligado com a cultura de cada lugar e época. / Placed within the field of Comparative Studies on Literature Written in Portuguese, this work has studied how youth literature can represent the passage from adolescence to adulthood, considering the contribution that literary texts may give to the formative process of a youths subjectivity, be it through realism or symbolism. Regarding its theoretical background, the research relies on the ideas of several authors from the field of Developmental Psychology, both those whose works concentrated on investigating the ego, and those who took a further step towards theorizing on the self and the individuation process. For the purpose of demonstrating how the myth of the hero serves as narrative structure to the process of adulting, a comparative study has been undertaken between O relógio do mundo, by the Brazilian author Lino de Albergaria, and Aventuras de João Sem Medo: panfleto mágico em forma de romance, a classic work from Portuguese literature by José Gomes Ferreira. Such works, built upon invariable elements of the marvelous structure, reveal that reaching maturity, in terms of its psychic nature, is a universal and timeless process, nonetheless, the way it is expressed in the world is directly connected to the culture of each specific time and place.