Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2005--Aachen.

This dissertation is divided into two major parts. The first one is dealing with churchyard forms with respect to garden and landscape architecture and with basic history of funeral rite in the Bohemian territory (with emphasis on the burial site). The data have been retrieved from available texts and electronic resources. The other part is focused on a model region, i.e. Týnec u Janovic nad Úhlavou in Western Bohemia and could be further divided into three sections. The first one is dedicated to analysis of the landscape surrounding the village and churchyard, and the outcome is depicted on the enclosed land-use map. The second section examines current condition of the churchyard while the third one proposes several concepts of its future reconstruction. There are four layouts presented, which take into account history, significance and potential of the place and particularly the remarkable character of its neighborhood.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of the mandible length of doe and offspring of roe deer with hunting time, weight and age of each individual. In the district Žďár nad Sázavou ran from 1992 collection and measurement of the lower jaw roe deer female and young. A total of 7560 lower jaw were evaluated in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 and it was 3888 from roe deer female and 3672 jaws of offsprings. Of the total number of captured pieces were cast, only 66%. After evaluating the data, it was found mutual correlation between the length of the mandible, weight and age of the individual. These relationships were statistically provable. The average length of the lower jaw of female was 153.44 mm at a weight of 13.03 kg and 4.4 years of age. The average length of the mandible of young 129.3 mm at a weight of 7.96 from the age of 5-7 months.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-29T15:38:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_8535_ALCIENE ALMEIDA SIQUEIRA - DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 2003059 bytes, checksum: 7fa6a44779fc6992e4b29bc09cf57337 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-31 / Os inseticidas organofosforados (OF), utilizados na agricultura em todo o mundo, exercem sua toxicidade ao inibir a atividade das colinesterases centrais e periféricas, levando ao acúmulo de acetilcolina (ACh) nas sinapses colinérgicas. Estudos clínicos mostram que a exposição crônica a OF sob baixas doses pode induzir desordens afetivas como a depressão. Nosso grupo de pesquisa verificou que até mesmo a exposição aguda a um desses agentes, o clorpirifós (CPF) 20 mg/kg, induziu um comportamento tipo-depressivo em ratos Wistar adultos no Teste do Nado Forçado (TNF). O tratamento padrão da intoxicação aguda por OF envolve o uso da atropina (ATR), um antagonista muscarínico, para tratar os sintomas da síndrome colinérgica e um reativador das colinesterases, como a pralidoxima (2-PAM), para reestabelecer a atividade enzimática periférica. Assim, nosso objetivo foi avaliar se estas drogas reverteriam as alterações comportamentais no TNF e bioquímicas no plasma, hipocampo, estriado e córtex pré-frontal de ratos 24 horas ou 30 dias após a exposição aguda ao CPF. Os animais foram submetidos à pré-exposição no TNF e imediatamente após receberam injeção intraperitoneal de CPF ou salina (SAL). Uma hora mais tarde, os animais foram avaliados quanto aos parâmetros de toxicidade aguda e então tratados com SAL, ATR 10 mg/kg, 2-PAM 40mg/kg ou ATR+2-PAM. A toxicidade aguda continuou a ser avaliada de hora em hora por até 4 horas após a injeção de CPF ou SAL. Vinte e quatro horas após a intoxicação, parte dos animais foi decapitada para coleta de sangue para determinação da colinesterase (ChE) plasmática e coleta das estruturas encefálicas para determinação da atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) referente a este tempo. A outra parte dos animais foi submetida às sessões teste (24 horas) e reteste (30 dias após a intoxicação) do TNF, sendo medido o tempo de imobilidade (em segundos) por 5 minutos em ambas as sessões. Após o reteste, os animais foram decapitados e as amostras coletadas para determinação da atividade das colinesterases 30 dias após a intoxicação. O CPF induziu o surgimento de sinais de toxicidade aguda e reduziu a atividade da ChE no plasma. O CPF aumentou o tempo de imobilidade na sessão teste, mas não na sessão reteste (30 dias). A ATR reverteu parcialmente o efeito depressivo do CPF. A 2-PAM reativou a AChE no córtex pré-frontal, mas não no hipocampo e no estriado 24 horas após a intoxicação. Trinta dias depois, o efeito tipo-depressivo e as alterações bioquímicas foram ausentes. Os resultados indicam que: (1) as alterações comportamentais e bioquímicas do CPF foram transitórias e parcialmente revertidas pelo tratamento com ATR e 2-PAM; (2) o possível acúmulo da ACh através da inibição da AChE hipocampal parece estar relacionado com o aumento do tempo de imobilidade no TNF. Este estudo sugere que mesmo a intoxicação aguda em curto prazo pode trazer prejuízo para a saúde mental de indivíduos expostos a estes agentes. Sugere também que o tratamento padrão da intoxicação empregado na clínica parece ser insuficiente para reverter todas as alterações causadas pela exposição aos OF. Palavras-chave: Clorpirifós. Depressão. Atropina. Pralidoxima. Teste do Nado Forçado, Colinesterases.

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Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) represents a long-known key molecule in cellular metabolism. It was initially identified for its ability to convey electrons and protons between redox partners in multiple bioenergetic and biosynthetic reactions. In addition, NAD+ also serves as a substrate for NAD+-consuming enzymes such as sirtuins and poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs). These latter enzymes catalyze dynamic post-translational modifications that control virtually every signaling pathway orchestrating cell fate. The aim of this work was to analyze the role of NAD+ in the context of programmed cell death mechanisms.<p>Our findings indicate that NAD+ is protective against DNA damage-induced cell death and FAS-induced apoptosis, while, unexpectedly, it promotes TNF-induced necroptosis, a regulated form of necrosis. Indeed raising NAD+ cellular levels sensitized culture cells to necroptosis, while NAD+ depletion protected cells from this form of cell death. Furthermore, specific silencing of NAD+-dependent sirtuins was also found to be protective against TNF-induced necroptosis. Consistently, a pharmacological pan-sirtuin inhibitor called cambinol protected cells from necroptosis. Then, as necroptosis represents a back-up mechanism that may have evolved in response to viral pathogens expressing anti-apoptotic proteins, we demonstrated in an in vitro model mimicking viral infection that pharmacological sirtuin inhibition protected cells from poly I:C-induced necroptotic cell death. In vivo, we demonstrated that cambinol partially protected kidney from necrosis after ischemia/reperfusion. We have also shown that enhancing liver NAD+ concentration via isonicotinamide increases the susceptibility of mice to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Moreover, our preliminary data show that isonicotinamide substantially improves the ability of cyclophosphamide to trigger the rejection of the murine mastocytoma P815 tumor cell line.<p>Collectively, our observations point to a role for NAD+ in the control of necroptosis in a sirtuin-dependent manner. These observations may bear relevance to the better understanding of the pathophysiological consequences of excessive production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF and the control of viral infections and tumor progression/immunotherapy. & / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Memoria para optar al título de Químico / Los electrodos modificados con nanotubos de carbono han recibido considerable interés debido a sus amplias propiedades estructurales, mecánicas, químicas y electrónicas. Entre estas propiedades se destacan la alta estabilidad química y térmica, buena conductividad y alta actividad electrocatalítica. Las propiedades electrocatalíticas que se destacan son la disminución de los sobrepotenciales y el incremento en la intensidad de los picos voltamétricos. Además, los nanotubos de carbono tienen la capacidad de encapsular compuestos por fisiadsorción en la nano estructura formada. Estas características permiten desarrollar nuevas metodologías en la modificación de la superficie de los nanotubos de carbono, con lo que se obtiene una mayor capacidad de detección electroquímica de diversas moléculas, por ejemplo, NADH. El NADH es el cofactor de un gran número de enzimas deshidrogenasa y desempeña un papel importante en la cadena de transferencia de electrones en sistemas biológicos. Muchas reacciones enzimáticas útiles para la fabricación de compuestos en la industria son dependientes de la reacción de este cofactor, pero requieren altos sobrepotenciales. Por este motivo muchos investigadores centran su atención en solucionar este problema a través del uso de electrodos modificados con diversas moléculas. En esta memoria de título se propone un procedimiento simple y rápido de modificación de los electrodos de carbono vítreo con nanotubos de carbono, basado en el encapsulamiento y modificación electroquímica de compuestos polinitrados como especies mediadoras para estudiar la electrocatálisis sobre NADH. Se estudiaron tres mediadores polinitrados; el ácido 3,5-dinitrobenzoico, el 1,3-dinitrobenceno y el 1,3,5-trinitrobenceno. Todos presentaron actividad electrocatalítica sobre el NADH. Además, se estudió la influencia de distintos factores en la actividad electrocatalítica, tales como el tiempo de inmersión de los electrodos modificados en solución de NADH, la variación de la concentración del mediador, el efecto de la concentración del NADH y el efecto de la velocidad de barrido. La principal ventaja de estos electrodos a diferencia de otros electrodos modificados con mediadores redox, es que la técnica de modificación propuesta consiste en un procedimiento sencillo por medio de la inmersión del electrodo con nanotubos de carbono en una disolución orgánica del nitrocompuesto, obteniendo electrodos modificados con compuestos poco solubles. Estos electrodos pueden ser utilizados en solución acuosa / Electrodes modified with carbon nanotubes had received considerable attention due to their many structural, mechanical, chemical and electrical properties. Among this many properties, high chemical and thermal stability, high conductivity and high electrocatalytic activity outstand. The most important electrocatalytic properties are lowering of overpotential and the increased voltammetric peaks. Additionally, nanotubes have the ability to encapsulate other compound by physisorption onto the nanostructure. These characteristics allow to develop novel methodologies on the modification the surface of the nanotubes, leading to a higher ability to detect electrochemically diverse molecules, for example, NADH. NADH is cofactor to a large number of dehydrogenase enzymes and plays an important role on the electron transfer chain on biological systems. Many enzymatic reactions with applications on the manufacturing industry rely on this cofactor, though they require high overpotential. Because of that researchers focus their attention on solving this problem though the use of electrodes modified with other molecules. This degree work proposes a simple and fast procedure for modifying glassy carbon electrode with carbon nanotubes multiwalled, based on the encapsulation and electrochemical modification of poli-nitrated compounds as mediator to study the electrocatalysis on NADH. Three poli-nitrated mediators were studied; 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 1-3 dinitrobenzene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. All of them shown electrocatalytic activity on NADH. Moreover, the influence of other factors on the level of activity were studied. These include immersion time of the modified electrodes on the NADH solution, concentration of the mediator, concentration of NADH and scan rate. The main advantage of these electrodes compared against other electrodes modified using redox mediators, is that the modification technique consists in a simple procedure based on the immersion of the electrode on a nitro compound solution, obtaining modified electrodes with compounds slightly soluble. These electrodes can be used in aqueous solution

The study deals with the restoration and the new use of the Classicist Chateau in Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou. The castle is now in the possession of the village, it is unused and degraded. The basic idea was to create a castle attractive not only for tourists, but also for the inhabitants of Hrušovany. Another idea was to combine several different functions that connect each other, but they can work independently. There are designed exhibition spaces, wine bar, multifunctional hall, seniors club or chateau-style accommodation. A new building, which serves as a guest house (guest house and restaurant), is proposed at the site of a no longer existing building.