The projecting time in the construction industry needs to become more efficient to shorten the amount of time it takes to project a build. One of the North's leading construction company NCC constuction Sweden AB has developed a form of collaboration called ”NCC project studio” that they use in some projects today. My thesis consists in bringing forth the most important aspects of the collaboration form called NCC project studio. The point of this is to use my thesis to help the company develop a quality document that can assist them when starting collaboration based on NCC project studio in the future. The conclusion of my thesis was that much of the focus needs to be on explaining to the participants what NCC is aiming to gain from working with the NCC project studio and also which important parts that needs to be worked on.

Successful experience feedback is not common among constructing entrepreneurs since it is hard to practice. NCC in Umeå is one of many constructing entrepreneurs that consider themselves to be poor in this field, which is the reason why they requested a study to be carried out in their organisation. The goal is, inter alia, to identify the current situation. This in order to clarify the attitude towards experience feedback within the organisation. The study leads to a suggestion of how NCC should work with experience feedback in the future, in order to improve it.   A literature study was made with the purpose of gathering enough knowledge, for example about experience feedback, quality and constant improvement. This theory is the foundation on which the further parts of the study rests; the interviews and observations within the company. These interviews and observations aims towards creating an overall picture of the current situation in the company. Moreover they generate primary data on how the organisation wishes to work in order to improve experience feedback. The result of the interviews and observations are analysed together with the theory as reference. This leads to the conclusions which are drawn about how NCC can improve their experience feedback.   The lack of prioritise of experience feedback is the major contributory factor to why experience feedback does not function in the current situation. This since the board have an absence of engagement on the field. Therefore, the needed time for reflection and analysis after a finished project is not given. Another important reason to why the organisation finds experience feedback difficult is the lack of a functioning system of documentation.   In the future, NCC should allocate the time required for a successful work with experience feedback. The board should become more active in this matter and look upon this work as an investment, since it can increase the effectivity in the organisation and reduce the quality deficiency. One person in each project should be in charge of compiling and documenting experiences. These experiences then needs to be labelled and documented in a digital database in order to enable an easy search. These documents should content a summary of the project, protocols from the final meetings, contact lists over the staff involved and a key figure with the sum of all costs from the calculation. Moreover, a compilation with pictures and explanting texts from each part of the building is recommended. This since visualisation was described as an important tool for experience feedback during the study. / En lyckad erfarenhetsåterföring hos byggentreprenörer tillhör inte det vanliga då detta är svårt att genomföra. NCC i Umeå är en av många byggentreprenörer som anser sig vara dåliga på detta område och de ville därför att en undersökning skulle genomföras i organisationen. Målsättningen var bland annat att lyckas identifiera nuläget för att klargöra inställningen till erfarenhetsåterföring hos organisationen. Därefter utmynnar studien i ett förslag på hur NCC i fortsättningen kan arbeta med erfarenhetsåterföring för att förbättra den. För att skaffa tillräckligt med kunskap inom området utfördes en litteraturstudie inom ämnen som erfarenhetsåterföring, kvalitet och ständiga förbättringar med mera. Denna teori låg sedan till grund för vidare studie som omfattades av intervjuer och observationer inne på företaget. Dessa intervjuer och observationer hade som syfte att kartlägga nuläget inom organisationen samt att generera primärdata på hur organisationen vill arbeta för att förbättra erfarenhetsåterföringen. Resultatet av de intervjuer och observationer som utfördes analyseras tillsammans med stöd från teorin. Detta leder till de slutsatser som dras om hur NCC kan förbättra sin erfarenhetsåterföring. Den största bidragande orsaken till varför erfarenhetsåterföringen inte fungerar bra i dagsläget är för att det inte prioriteras. Detta bland annat på grund av att ledningen inte är tillräckligt engagerad, vilket resulterar i att för lite tid ges till reflektion och analys efter avslutat projekt. Bristen på ett fungerande dokumentationssystem är också en stor anledning till varför organisationen tycker arbetet med erfarenhetsåterföring är svårt. Det NCC bör göra för att lyckas med detta arbete i framtiden är att avsätta tillräckligt med tid. Ledningen måste bli mer drivande i frågan och se detta arbete som en investering då det kan öka effektiviteten i organisationen och minska kvalitetsbristerna. En ansvarig person, som ansvarar för att sammanställa och dokumentera erfarenheter, bör utses till varje projekt. Erfarenheterna behöver sedan etiketteras och dokumenteras i en digital databas för att möjliggöra enkla sökningar. Dessa dokument bör innehålla en sammanfattning av projektet, ifyllda protokoll från de slutmöten som ska hållas, en kontaktlista till berörd personal och nyckeltal med slutkostnader från kalkyl. Utöver detta rekommenderas att en sammanställning görs, med bilder och förklarande text från projektets alla utförda byggdelar. Detta då det under studien framkom att visualisering är ett bra verktyg för erfarenhetsåterföring.

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Introduction. La neurocysticercosis (NCC) est l'un des maladies helminthiques les plus courantes du SNC et elle cause de l'épilepsie symptomatique dans les régions pauvres. Il existe peu d'études communautaires sur cette zoonose et leurs comorbidités comme l'épilepsie et la NCC. Méthodologie. Dans la région nord du Pérou, trois études sur la communauté et une révision systématique ont été développés dont les objectifs étaient les suivants: a) évaluer la prévalence de la NCC asymptomatique, b) la prévalence de l'épilepsie associée à la cysticercose, c) la détermination de l'exposition à la cysticercose d) développer une intervention communautaire pour interrompre la transmission de la cysticercose. Résultats. 256 patients asymptomatiques qui avaient une tomodensitométrie (T) sans contraste, 48 (18%) avaient la NCC calcifiés. La prévalence de l'épilepsie trouvée était de 17.25 / 1000 habitants et la proportion de NCC en personnes atteintes d'épilepsie était de 39% (109/282). Le Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) pour la cysticercose a été positive dans le 40% des personnes atteintes d'épilepsie, et dans le 36,9% de la population générale. L'association entre la cysticercose et l'épilepsie avait un OR de 2,7 (95% CI 2.1 – 3.6, p <0,001). Le traitement massif avec niclosamide chez l'homme (n = 3), et plus la vaccination de la population porcine a été mis en oeuvre dans 107 communautés rurales de Tumbes. Aucun porc infecté avec la cysticercose n’a été trouvé en 105 des 107 communautés. Conclusions. (1) La NCC est un facteur contributeur de l'épilepsie, (2) La transmission de T. solium peut être réduite à échelle régionale. / Backgrounds. Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic infection of the brain and a common cause of epilepsy in poor regions. There are scarce community-based studies about its comorbidities as epilepsy and neurocysticercosis. Methods. In the northern region of Peru, we performed three community based-studies and one systematic review a) to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic NCC, b) the prevalence of epilepsy and epileptic seizures and NCC c) seroprevalence of cysticercosis (EITB-LLGP) and d) to perform a community intervention to interrupt the Taenia solium transmission. Results. Of the 256 residents who underwent CT scan, 48 (18.8%) had brain calcifications consistent with NCC. Lifetime prevalence of epilepsy was 17.25/1000, the proportion of NCC in people with epilepsy was 39% (109/282), and the seroprevalence of EITB-LLGP in individuals with epilepsy was 40% and between 23.4 to 36.9% in the general population. The association between CC and epilepsy had a OR of 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). Three rounds of mass treatment with niclosamida in humans and mass treatment and vaccination in pigs was implemented in 107 rural communities (n=81,170 people). No infected pigs with cysticercosis were found in 105 of 107 communities. Conclusion. NCC is a strong contributor of epilepsy and epileptic seizures. We showed that transmission of Taenia solium infection was interrupted on a regional scale in endemic regions in Peru / Introducción. La neurocisticercosis (NCC) es una de las enfermedades helmínticas más frecuentes del SNC y causa de epilepsia sintomática en regiones pobres. Hay escasos estudios basados en comunidad sobre esta zoonosis y sus comorbilidades la epilepsia y la NCC. Metodología. Se desarrollaron en la Región Norte del Perú tres estudios basados en la comunidad, y una revisión sistemática cuyos objetivos fueron: a) evaluar la prevalencia de NCC asintomática, b) la prevalencia de epilepsia asociada a cisticercosis, c) determinación de la exposición a cisticercosis y d) desarrollar una intervención comunitaria que interrumpa la transmisión de cisticercosis. Resultados. De 256 pacientes asintomáticos que tuvieron una tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) cerebral sin contraste, 48 (18%) tuvo una NCC calcificada. La prevalencia de epilepsia encontrada fue de 17.25/1000 habitantes y la proporción de NCC en personas con epilepsia fue de 39% (109/282). El Western Blot (EITB-LLGP) para cisticercosis fue positivo en el 40% de los individuos con epilepsia, y en el 36.9% de la población general. La asociación entre cisticercosis y epilepsia tuvo un OR de 2.7 (95% CI 2.1-3.6, p <0.001). El tratamiento masivo con niclosamida en humanos (n=3), y población porcina más vacunación fue implementada en 107 comunidades rurales de Tumbes; en 105 de 107 no hubo nuevos cerdos infectados con cisticercosis. Conclusiones. (1) La NCC es un factor contribuidor de epilepsia, (2) Se puede cortar la trasmisión de T. solium a escala regional.

Inappropriate modulation of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) can lead to derangements of blood pressure homeostasis in humans. Cyp1a1-mRen2.F transgenic rats were used to define the renal mechanisms underlying the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. These transgenic rats were previously generated by introducing the mouse Ren2 gene into the rat genome under the control of a Cyp1a1 inducible promoter. The aim of the current investigation was to establish the contribution of renal function to the development of hypertension in the Cyp1a1- mRen2.F transgenic rat. Expression of the mRen2 transgene was induced by daily gavage of indole 3 carbinol (I3C) at the dose of 100mg/kg. Blood pressure was measured in conscious rats after 1, 3 or 7 days of treatment. The control group received the vegetable oil carrier for 7 days. In addition blood pressure, renal haemodynamics and excretory function were measured under thiobutabarbital anaesthesia. Transgene induction caused a progressive increase in blood pressure in a time dependent manner. Neither glomerular filtration rate nor renal blood flow was affected. This indicates proper function of renal autoregulation during the experimental time course. Tubular sodium reabsorption was significantly increased after the first day of transgene induction and this effect was sustained for the duration of treatment. A pharmacological approach was used to localize the increased reabsorption to a specific region of the nephron and was found to reflect increased activity of the thiazide-sensitive cotransporter (NCC). Chronic administration of thiazide significantly blunted the hypertensive response to transgene induction. Similarly AT1 receptor blockade attenuated the hypertensive phenotype and prevented the transgene-induced stimulation of NCC activity. In contrast, mineralocorticoid receptor blockade did not prevent the development of either hypertension or increased NCC activity. The current study suggests that the development of angiotensin II-dependent hypertension is mediated by increased tubular sodium reabsorption. Increased activity of NCC is a key hypertensive mechanism in this model and results directly from the actions of angiotensin II at the AT1 receptor; indirect aldosterone pathways do not play a major role.

Les fonctions - hypergéométriques sont des fonctions spéciales associées à un système de racines. Elles donnent en même temps une généralisation des fonctions hypergéométriques de Gauss (et plus spécifiquement des fonctions de Jacobi) et des fonctions sphériques sur les espaces symétriques riemanniens et pseudo-riemanniens causaux. Dans cette thèse, on étudie l’analyse harmonique L² pour la transformation - hypergéométrique. Le théorème principal détermine (sous certaines hypothèses sur le système de racines et leur multiplicités) l’image, par cette transformation, des fonctions qui sont de classe L² par rapport à la mesure canonique (a) = où est la multiplicité de la racine positive α. Ce théorème généralise à la situation considérée le théorème classique qui caractérise l’image des fonctions L² sur la demi-droite réelle, par la transformation de Laplace, comme espace de Hardy. Quelques théorèmes de développement en séries de fonctions spéciales sont obtenus en tant qu’applications du théorème principal / The hypergeometric functions are special functions associated with root systems. They provide a generalization either of Gauss' hypergeometric function (and more precisely of the Jacobi functions) or of the spherical functions on Riemannian symmetric spaces and pseudo-Riemannian noncompacty causal symmetric spaces. In this thesis, we study the L²-harmonic analysis for the so-called -hypergeometric transform. Our main theorem characterizes (under certain hypothesis on the root systems and their multiplicities) the image, under this transform, of the functions which are of class L² with respect to the canonical measure (a) = , Here denotes the multiplicity of the positive root α. This theorem generalizes to the above mentioned setting, the classical theorem characterizing as a Hardy space the image of the L²-functions on the positive real half-line under the Laplace transform. Some theorems dealing with series decompositions with resoect to special functions are obtained as application of our main theorem

Då byggbranschen idag står inför stora förändringar bör arbetsplatserna bli mer effektiva. Rörelse och väntan är två stora slöserier som kostar mycket pengar för företagen. Denna rapport ska undersöka hur produktionsprocessen kan effektiviseras med hjälp av Leanverktyget 5S. Bakgrunden till problemet är tidsförluster i produktionen där företagen lägger mycket tid på onödiga slöserier såsom väntan och materialhantering. Arbetet har utförts tillsammans med NCC Constructionen där tre byggarbetsplatser i Norrköpings region har studerats. De frågor som skulle besvaras var: Var ligger de största slöserierna när 5S inte används? Hur påverkas slöserierna när 5S används? Hur kan arbetsmetoden 5S förbättras inför kommande byggen? Resultatet som kommit fram efter studien var att rörelse och väntan är de största slöserierna när 5S inte används. Vad som kunde ses på arbetsplatsen som bedrev arbete med 5S var att väntan minskade dock var rörelsen fortfarande kvar men avsevärt reducerad. Det som tydligt kan förbättras inför kommande byggen är en kombination av att utbilda yrkesarbetarna i vad 5S handlar om och hur engagemanget kan öka för att få en så effektiv arbetsplats som möjligt.

With the technical development of digitalization, the converging requirement of telecommunications and mobile communications along with digital broadcasting are increasing. In future, broadcasting services will not only require combining the content, broadcasting, telecommunications industries, but also with the convenient hand-held portable device. Those will become the essential components of integrating digital service. For the one-year period of mobile TV broadcasting pilot plan, the regulatory body who control this policy, NCC, announced that there is no exact schedule for licensing digital TV service through mobile phone, after the pilot plan ended in June 2008. Thus, the development of ¡§Mobile TV¡¨ policy will become difficulty to move on due to the uncertainty of launching date. In this study, the thesis watched the beginning of the plan, and read through the document of related authorities and supervision units. Besides that, it also chose the mobile TV broadcasting pilot teams as interviewees (including Public Television Service team and Dawn TV Technology Corp. team) to reflect the interaction between the policy making and industry compliance. Moreover, it also followed the aftermath of this issue. And adopting the third party point of view, the research took the participatory position without distortion by the passion of stakeholders. Finally, the policy review and inspection was done. For detecting the disadvantageous factors of this mobile TV policy, the research found out that there should focus on three perspectives. One is the ambivalent position of NCC in policy making. Second is the conflict opinion within the Commissioners of NCC on licensing issue. And the third is confrontation between stakeholders and NCC in business forecasting. Other than the worldwide failure of mobile TV business model today, the thesis explored the inner weakness of mobile TV development policy in Taiwan which resulted in a fatal service not causing by itself but political process.

Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) is the definition for using BIM in the construction process to simulate and analyse the building. Resulting use of the technology will according to proponents lead to fewer construction errors, a better understanding between stakeholders for the construction project, less communication problems and a smoother construction process. Although BIM has according to researchers a big potential, few companies have succeeded in broad and continues implementation. The study aims to identify the factors affecting the implementation. More precisely identify what factors influencing the decision to adopt VDC and potential barriers in the diffusion process. The empirical findings are based on a case study of NCC Construction Sweden. Data has been gathered thru interviews, field trips and internal documents. The results of the study indicates that four factors influence the decision to adopt VDC; the perceived benefits, associated effort to use the technology, social influences and supporting conditions. Experience from the technology, knowledge about it and how to use will have a positive impact on the decision do adopt. The process of implementing VDC into the organisation is affected by the complex nature of the technology. The technology needs to adapt to the projects context. The barriers identified in the diffusion process can be categorised into three levels; Individual level includes knowledge about the technology and how to use it. Organisational level includes lack of resources, process owner, design of the building process and economy. Interorganizational level includes institutions, standards and knowledge transfer.