This thesis investigates Nuestra Aparente Rendición, or "Our Apparent Surrender," a literary project launched in response to narco-violence in Mexico. I consider the potential of literature to intervene on violence by elaborating a theory of fiction as a strategy of naturalization. Fiction dissembles artifice and contingency, imposing sense-making frames on the imagination. The role of fiction in politics is to work the very limits of intelligibility. It has long been held that language requires external moorings to anchor discourse to a stable place. This has been conceived, alternatively, as an idealized speech community or an intersubjective commitment to veracity, as objective truths, a privileged experience, external reality or God. In the absence of such moorings, it has been claimed that language would be a sea of unending deferral, and communication would be impossible. A theory of fiction suggests instead that the place where meaning is 'fixed' and stabilized is internal to discourse itself. Fiction works to halt the imagination, limit what is possible, and transform infinite contingency into necessity. Ultimately, I suggest that what is needed is a deepening of the rhetorical turn. It has been argued--and feared--that that the rhetorical turn devolves into relativism and renders scholarship ineffectual. Against such claims, I contend that we have not yet accounted for the effects of necessity, which is caught up with contingency in an inextricable embrace.

No description available.

The project of the Critique of the Aesthetic Power of Judgment consists in providing a ground for judgments of taste so that we are justified in claiming that everybody else can agree with our judgment (subjective universality) and that all others ought to agree with us (subjective necessity, normativity). This justification is supposed to be accomplished in the Deduction of judgments of taste. The section that carries this title (38) is surprisingly short and for this and various other reasons (some of them textual) commentators have often wondered about the precise location where Kant provides the deduction, whether it is really contained in that short paragraph or whether the argument might actually extend beyond 38. In my thesis, I want to reinvigorate the discussion about the location of the deduction and its interpretation by arguing that it takes place between 30-42.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 220-231) Also available in print.

Honors Thesis (Philosophy)--Oberlin College, 2008. / "April 27, 2008." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Basel, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-167).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-278).

This thesis examines the role of necessity, as a defence to State responsibility, in international law. Necessity provides a State with a defence to the responsibility that would otherwise arise from its breach of an international obligation where the only way that State can safeguard an essential interest from a grave and imminent peril is to breach an obligation owed to a less imperilled State. It is a defence that has generated a considerable body of jurisprudence in recent years and yet it continues to be plagued by a perception that States have abused it in the past and by fears that States will abuse it in the future - 'necessity', declared the German Chancellor on the eve of World War I, 'knows no law'. This thesis contends that this perception is flawed and these fears are unfounded. The main claim of this thesis is that necessity operates as a safety valve within the law of State responsibility that mediates between the binding quality of international obligations and the harsh consequences that may follow from requiring compliance with those obligations at all costs. This safety valve promotes the reasonable application of international law and it recognises that international law must sometimes bend so that it does not break. The thesis bears out this claim by contending that necessity has a stronger pedigree than is commonly appreciated and that it is solidly grounded in, and its contours are constrained by, customary international law. It charts those contours by first examining the scope of the obligations to which necessity may provide a defence, which includes examining how necessity relates to fields of law that contain their own safety valves regulating emergency situations. It then proceeds to examine the conditions that a State must satisfy in order to establish necessity and it finally examines the consequences of necessity, including for the stability of international law. The thesis concludes that any suggestion that 'necessity knows no law' has no place in international law today.

This thesis is an examination of the linguistic approach to modality (also known as 'linguistic conventionalism') - i.e. the view that necessity is to be explained in terms of the linguistic rules that we have adopted. Drawing on an investigation into the history of this approach, I argue against the currently prevalent attitude that it can be dismissed as misguided. The aim, however, is not to argue that the linguistic approach is correct, but, more modestly, to put it back on the table as an interesting and viable research program. The thesis is divided into three parts. In part A, I articulate a conception of the commitments of the approach based on the ideas that influenced it, how it emerged and developed in the work of the logical positivists, and, in particular, the role it was meant to play in "making a consistent empiricism possible". Next, in part B, I defend the core ideas of the approach against various objections. Notably, I consider the objection that truth cannot be "created" by convention, the objection that necessities cannot be explained in terms of contingencies, and the objection that determining what the linguistic conventions are, unlike determining what the modal facts are, is a straightforwardly empirical matter. In part C, finally, I turn to objections which purport to show that there are limits to what can be explained in terms of linguistic convention. Specifically, I consider whether we need to assume a non-conventional distinction between admissible and inadmissible linguistic rules, a non-conventional consequence relation, or a non-conventional starting-point in order to get the linguistic approach off the ground. An overarching question is whether we are forced to take some logic for granted in a way which would undermine the explanatory ambitions of the approach. I argue that some of the prominent objections rely on misunderstandings, that some can be answered head-on, and that some point to genuine challenges and constraints which put pressure on the linguistic approach, but do not warrant a wholesale rejection of the view. Instead, they point to areas where further work is needed.

BORGES, Ronaldo Lima Moreira. Evapotranspiração de referência utilizando diferentes metodologias para o cálculo da radiação solar global, da temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar. 2004. 56 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2004. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-28T18:19:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_rlmborges.pdf: 453982 bytes, checksum: b530b047491332afb20d751bcad7ce8b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-06-30T23:46:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_rlmborges.pdf: 453982 bytes, checksum: b530b047491332afb20d751bcad7ce8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T23:46:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2004_dis_rlmborges.pdf: 453982 bytes, checksum: b530b047491332afb20d751bcad7ce8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / The study was carried out in the experimental area of agribusiness Figood-Produção de Produtos Agrícolas Ltda. in the Distrito de Irrigação (irrigation district) Jaguaribe - Apodi (DIJA), Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil, from July to December 2008 and consisted of two experiments. In the experiment I, the treatments consisted of five irrigation frequencies: F1 - total irrigation depth applied in the morning, F2– total irrigation depth applied in the afternoon, F3 -50% of the irrigation depth applied in the morning and 50% applied in the afternoon, F4-1/3 of the irrigation depth applied in the morning, 1/3 of the irrigation depth applied at noon, 1/3 of the irrigation depth applied in the afternoon; F5 -accumulated total irrigation depth applied every two days. In the experiment II, the treatments were five different doses of nitrogen fertilizer (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of the standard nitrogen fertilizer recommendation) applied by fertigation, defined based in the recommended farm's fertilizer amount (from soil analysis ). The experimental design (for both experiments) was organized in randomized blocks with five treatments and four replications. In both experiments, we evaluated the following variables: plant height, plant yield, stem diameter, branch length, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. In the first experiment the average fruit weight ranged between 52.81 and 59.05 g. In experiment II, the average fruit weight ranged between 40.00 and 63.50 g. It was also observed a direct relationship between the number of fruits per plant and plant yield. The different irrigation frequencies did not statistically influence (p > 0.05) plant height, plant yield, stem diameter, branch length, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, and fruit weight in the period from 0 to 190 days after the first production pruning of the fig tree cv. Roxo Valinhos. The different levels of nitrogen fertigation applied in the period from 0 to 190 days after the first production pruning of the Roxo Valinhos fig tree did not statistically influence (p > 0.05) plant height, plant yield, stem diameter, branch length, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, and fruit weight. / Trata-se de um estudo da estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência com a equação de Penman-Monteith/FAO, fazendo-se uso de diferentes metodologias nos cálculos médios diários da temperatura do ar, da umidade relativa do ar e do saldo de radiação solar. Os dados utilizados compreenderam o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2002 e foram obtidos em uma estação meteorológica automatizada, localizada no município de Paraipaba, Estado do Ceará (latitude de 3º26’ S, longitude de 39º08’ W e altitude de 31m). Para o cálculo das médias diárias de temperatura e da umidade relativa do ar utilizou-se a média aritmética de 24 leituras horárias, as equações propostas pela FAO, pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e pelo Serviço de Meteorologia do Estado de São Paulo (SMESP). No cálculo, para obtenção do saldo de radiação solar diário, utilizaram-se as equações de radiação global proposta pela FAO (método 1), por Aguiar et al. (método 2), por Glover & McCulloch (método 3) e por Black (método 4). Os resultados mostram que, para a estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência com a metodologia de Penman-Monteith/FAO, podem ser utilizadas todas as equações de temperatura média diária do ar apresentadas, pois o coeficiente de determinação (R²) apresentou os seguintes valores quando correlacionados com o cálculo de ETo utilizando a média obtida pela estação meteorológica automatizada: método FAO (0,9892), método INMET (0,9886) e método SMESP (0,9888). As equações de cálculo da umidade relativa do ar, também, apresentaram o mesmo comportamento, sendo todas as viáveis, obtendo-se os seguintes valores de R²: método FAO (0,9972), método INMET (0,9980) e método SMESP (0,9817). Na estimativa do saldo de radiação, influenciado pelas equações apresentadas de radiação solar global, o método de Aguiar et al. (R² = 0,3704) apresentou a maior correlação de metodologia quando comparada com o método da FAO.