China has the largest population and the fastest growing economy in the world. The general public's demand for health is rising promptly with the improvement of the living standard. However, the limited and unbalanced medical resource have caused the prominent problem of the society, even in the capital city of Beijing, the new hospital constructions with rational allocation is iminent and significant. Along with the technology development and Internet popularization, GIS approaches and related products has been widely used in the people's daily life. The main focus of this paper is to select a site for building a new hospital in Haidian District of Beijing using GIS-based Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA). With Analytical Hieraichy Process(AHP) and Rank Order Method (ROM) for the weight setting on factor criteria, necessity tests and sensitivity tests are applied to check which criteria are really necessary and how the results are sensitive to their weight change. The optimal site located in Wenquan Town (E: 116.182, N:40.039) is screened from several candidate sites usin Google Earth maps, which makes the ultimate result more convincing and practical. It can be concluded that GIS-based MCA with necessity and sensitivity tests proposes a novel and useful reference to other site selection decision makers, and also provides constructive tools for the public asministration to set up efficent databases for decision makers to carry out spatial analyses. To make it more maneuverable and practical, a further research on th improvement of this method will have a promising future.

After the terrorist attacks that took place on September 11, 2001, on American soil, a plethora of norms that enable military forces to shoot-down hijacked civil aircraft have been passed in several countries. Although these laws, decrees and executive orders are grounded on security reasons and they are allegedly aimed to protect people and vital interests on ground, this assertion does not emasculate the main difficulty they face in legal terms, which is the existence of an international provision that forbids the use of force against civilian aircraft. This thesis contains a detailed list of such domestic norms and conducts an analysis of their validity from the perspective of Article 3bis of the Chicago Convention and the right of self-defense granted to states by the Charter of the United Nations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 158-159).

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 226-235). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Passau, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 295-310).

Submitted by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T11:10:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-daniel-soares-da-silva.pdf: 564662 bytes, checksum: 0e232e04bc33ddc0968cafb4cbb6d982 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Hayashi (deachan@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T11:13:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-daniel-soares-da-silva.pdf: 564662 bytes, checksum: 0e232e04bc33ddc0968cafb4cbb6d982 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T11:13:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao-daniel-soares-da-silva.pdf: 564662 bytes, checksum: 0e232e04bc33ddc0968cafb4cbb6d982 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-09 / Em janeiro de 1970, Saul Kripke proferiu três conferências na Universidade Princeton. A transcrição dessas conferências foi publicada em 1980 como Naming and Necessity. Nessa obra, Kripke critica o descritivismo, explicação então mais aceita para a função referencial dos nomes próprios, e apresenta a sua própria visão sobre o assunto. Em Naming and Necessity, Kripke também sustenta uma concepção que ficou conhecida como “essencialismo científico”, a qual afirma a existência de verdades necessárias a posteriori. Esta dissertação procura investigar de que maneira se relacionam as idéias sobre a referência e sobre o essencialismo científico no interior do pensamento kripkeano. Assim, no primeiro capítulo, procura-se apresentar as principais características do descritivismo. Em linhas gerais, a concepção descritivista, cujas origens remontam a certas idéias de Frege e Russell, estabelece que a explicação para a referência de um nome próprio passa pelas descrições associadas ao termo, as quais seriam satisfeitas univocamente pelo objeto designado. O segundo capítulo se ocupa dos argumentos kripkeanos contrários ao descritivismo. Esses argumentos são de três tipos: modal, epistêmico e semântico. A adequada compreensão desses argumentos, bem como do modelo explicativo alternativo proposto por Kripke, exige certos conceitos fundamentais, como o de mundos possíveis, a distinção entre modalidades epistêmicas e modalidades metafísicas, e o de designação rígida. Por isso, esse capítulo também busca expor tais noções. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo é dedicado ao essencialismo científico desenvolvido por Kripke. Grosso modo, uma posição essencialista sustenta que os objetos possuem propriedades essenciais; isto é, propriedades que são exemplificadas em todos os mundos possíveis nos quais os objetos existem. O essencialismo científico afirma que cabe à ciência revelar essas propriedades essenciais, as quais seriam verdades necessárias a posteriori. O capítulo 3 examina o essencialismo quanto à origem biológica e aquele sobre a origem e composição material dos artefatos, além de outros aspectos relacionados ao tema discutidos por Kripke. / In January 1970, Saul Kripke delivered three lectures at Princeton University. A transcript of these lectures was published in 1980 as Naming and Necessity. In this work, Kripke criticizes descriptivism, then most accepted account for referential function of proper names, and presents his own view on the matter. In Naming and Necessity, Kripke also advocates a view that became known as “scientific essentialism”, which states that there are necessary a posteriori truths. This dissertation aims at understanding the relationship between Kripke’s view about reference and the scientific essentialism. Thus, in the first chapter, we expose the main features of descriptivism. In general, the descriptivist conception, whose origins go back to certain ideais of Frege and Russell, states that the explanation for the reference of a proper name is based on the descriptions associated with the name, which should be fulfilled only by designated object. The second chapter is concerned with Kripkean arguments against descriptivism. These arguments are of three types: modal, semantic and epistemic. A proper understanding of the arguments, as well as the alternative model proposed by Kripke, requires certain fundamental concepts, such as possible worlds, the distinction between epistemic modalities and metaphysical modalities, and the rigid designation. Therefore, the second chapter also intends to examine such notions. Finally, the third chapter turns to the scientific essentialism developed by Kripke. Roughly, an essentialist viewpoint holds that objects have essential properties. That is, properties that are exemplified in all possible worlds in which the objects exist. The scientific essentialism maintains that it is up to science to reveal the essential properties, which would be necessary a posteriori truths. The chapter 3 analyses the essentialism about biological origins and essentialism about the origin and composition of material artifacts, and other aspects related to the topic discussed by Kripke / TEDE

O presente trabalho busca uma aproximação à problemática do idoso aposentado que volta ao Mercado de Trabalho. Baseado na hipótese de que o sentido atribuído ao trabalho por essa faixa etária de população pode ser apreendido nos registros que se definem entre a força da necessidade e a vontade de liberdade, procura-se investigar, em um primeiro momento de forma sucinta, e, quase sempre, por meio de leituras secundárias, como o trabalho foi pensado historicamente no mundo ocidental. Nessa direção, parte-se do princípio de que a força do trabalho é um fato que se manifesta em todas as sociedades, embora, segundo cortes diferentes; assim, se, em algumas o trabalho se inscreve em um registro moral, em outras, sobretudo, na sociedade moderna, ele adquire uma feição predominantemente social. Em segundo lugar, e como outra mediação à pesquisa, ganha expressão à questão da velhice e ou terceira idade, indagando-se, de algum modo, sobre o lugar da velhice, sobretudo, nas sociedades contemporâneas. O terceiro e último capítulo, após traçar os caminhos da pesquisa, detém-se na análise dos dados coletados nas entrevistas procurando delinear o perfil do idoso no universo pesquisado, assim como os motivos do seu retorno ao mercado de trabalho e os modos como eles vivenciam essa experiência. Nas considerações finais, ao tempo em que se delineiam algumas lições aprendidas no percurso do desenvolvimento da investigação, procura-se também sublinhar as ambigüidades apreendidas nos discursos, em torno do dilema necessidade-liberdade, que se conforma com a volta dos idosos ao mercado de trabalho. / The present study attempts an approach to the problems of the elderly retiree who returns to the Labour Market. Based on the assumption that the meaning assigned to work for this age population, can be seized in the records that are defined between the strength of the need and desire for freedom, we seek to investigate, at first briefly, and often through secondary readings, as the work was thought historically in the Western world. In this direction, it starts from the principle that the work force is a fact that manifests itself in all societies, although, different cuts, so if, in some work falls into a moral record, in others, especially in modern society, he gains features predominantly social. Secondly, and as another mediation research, comes to expression and the question of old age or old age, raising questions in some way, on the place of old age, especially in contemporary societies. The third and final chapter, after tracing the paths of research focuses on the analysis of data collected in interviews seeking to delineate the profile of the elderly in the population studied, as well as the reasons for its return to the labor market and the ways they experience this experience. At last, at which time outlining some lessons learned in the course of development of research seeks to highlight the ambiguities also seized in speeches around the dilemma need-freedom, which conforms with the return of the seniors marketwork.

Objectives: Psoriasis is a long-term inflammatory condition associated with considerable psychological and social morbidity. There are multiple psoriasis treatment modalities and regimens making medication adherence particularly demanding. The Self-Regulatory Framework has not been widely applied to investigate adherence by people with psoriasis. This thesis reports research into psychological factors associated with medication adherence in psoriasis. Methods: A systematic review of adherence to treatments (Phase 1) was followed by a qualitative investigation of measures of adherence and treatment beliefs (Phase 2). A large-scale multisite quantitative survey of levels and determinants of adherence to systemic psoriasis treatments was carried out by linking new psychological measures with data from a national treatment registry (Phase 3). Finally a mixed-methods investigation into self- regulatory approaches to the understanding of adherence was undertaken (Phase 4). Findings: i) Adherence difficulties are prevalent in psoriasis, however poor methodology quality of previous studies limited conclusions of the systematic review ii) Patients using topical preparations described significant day-to-day variations in medication use as well as complex treatment decision-making processes; however, key behaviours and cognitions were not accurately reflected by corresponding scores of the standardised scales iii) Patients using systemic treatments reported high levels of adherence which were associated with: biologic rather than a traditional systemic; fewer concerns about systemic treatments; and lower PASI and DLQI scores. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviours were also prevalent iv) Effective treatment usage in psoriasis conflicted with the management of the physical and psychological demands of living with psoriasis. For patients using topical preparations, non-adherence was a strategic decision to reduce distress and gain control. Patients using systemic treatments expressed strong beliefs in the necessity of their treatment, yet reported high levels of anxiety and depression. Systemic treatment usage conflicted with the management of illness controllability and psychological adjustment. A more negative illness belief profile and greater appearance concerns accounted for the most variance in both anxiety and depression, even after controlling for disease severity. These findings have major implications for the measurement of adherence and treatment beliefs, as well as researchers’ ability to determine clinical outcomes and treatment response. Conclusions: Psoriasis treatment adherence can be practically challenging as well as emotionally charged. The construct of self-regulatory failure proved to be illuminating and improves understanding of the psychological processes that underpin medicines adherence and other aspects of self- management in people with psoriasis.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:26:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-DanielSoaresdaSilva.pdf: 576406 bytes, checksum: 27d43ce2592b4448856df105e09b7113 (MD5) / Em janeiro de 1970, Saul Kripke proferiu três conferências na Universidade Princeton. A transcrição dessas conferências foi publicada em 1980 como Naming and Necessity. Nessa obra, Kripke critica o descritivismo, explicação então mais aceita para a função referencial dos nomes próprios, e apresenta a sua própria visão sobre o assunto. Em Naming and Necessity, Kripke também sustenta uma concepção que ficou conhecida como “essencialismo científico”, a qual afirma a existência de verdades necessárias a posteriori. Esta dissertação procura investigar de que maneira se relacionam as idéias sobre a referência e sobre o essencialismo científico no interior do pensamento kripkeano. Assim, no primeiro capítulo, procura-se apresentar as principais características do descritivismo. Em linhas gerais, a concepção descritivista, cujas origens remontam a certas idéias de Frege e Russell, estabelece que a explicação para a referência de um nome próprio passa pelas descrições associadas ao termo, as quais seriam satisfeitas univocamente pelo objeto designado. O segundo capítulo se ocupa dos argumentos kripkeanos contrários ao descritivismo. Esses argumentos são de três tipos: modal, epistêmico e semântico. A adequada compreensão desses argumentos, bem como do modelo explicativo alternativo proposto por Kripke, exige certos conceitos fundamentais, como o de mundos possíveis, a distinção entre modalidades epistêmicas e modalidades metafísicas, e o de designação rígida. Por isso, esse capítulo também busca expor tais noções. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo é dedicado ao essencialismo científico desenvolvido por Kripke. Grosso modo, uma posição essencialista sustenta que os objetos possuem propriedades essenciais; isto é, propriedades que são exemplificadas em todos os mundos possíveis nos quais os objetos existem. O essencialismo científico afirma que cabe à ciência revelar essas propriedades essenciais, as quais seriam verdades necessárias a posteriori. O capítulo 3 examina o essencialismo quanto à origem biológica e aquele sobre a origem e composição material dos artefatos, além de outros aspectos relacionados ao tema discutidos por Kripke. / In January 1970, Saul Kripke delivered three lectures at Princeton University. A transcript of these lectures was published in 1980 as Naming and Necessity. In this work, Kripke criticizes descriptivism, then most accepted account for referential function of proper names, and presents his own view on the matter. In Naming and Necessity, Kripke also advocates a view that became known as “scientific essentialism”, which states that there are necessary a posteriori truths. This dissertation aims at understanding the relationship between Kripke’s view about reference and the scientific essentialism. Thus, in the first chapter, we expose the main features of descriptivism. In general, the descriptivist conception, whose origins go back to certain ideais of Frege and Russell, states that the explanation for the reference of a proper name is based on the descriptions associated with the name, which should be fulfilled only by designated object. The second chapter is concerned with Kripkean arguments against descriptivism. These arguments are of three types: modal, semantic and epistemic. A proper understanding of the arguments, as well as the alternative model proposed by Kripke, requires certain fundamental concepts, such as possible worlds, the distinction between epistemic modalities and metaphysical modalities, and the rigid designation. Therefore, the second chapter also intends to examine such notions. Finally, the third chapter turns to the scientific essentialism developed by Kripke. Roughly, an essentialist viewpoint holds that objects have essential properties. That is, properties that are exemplified in all possible worlds in which the objects exist. The scientific essentialism maintains that it is up to science to reveal the essential properties, which would be necessary a posteriori truths. The chapter 3 analyses the essentialism about biological origins and essentialism about the origin and composition of material artifacts, and other aspects related to the topic discussed by Kripke. / TEDE

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaJPA_TESE.pdf: 20666761 bytes, checksum: 4b1f1d3fcfd6b7deb23b57798495afcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / In recent years, in Brazil, researches in the area of education have been focused on the study of the necessities of formation, by the practice of necessity analysis, to subside the continued teacher formation programs. This research on the necessity of the formation of literacy teachers in the initial years of primary education originated in our discussions in academia, regarding the issues of retention and evasion related to basic literacy teaching in Brazilian public schools. We defined as a goal: to know the necessities of the formation of literacy teachers from Odila Leite Municipal Elementary School, Natal/RN, which focuses on the literacy teaching on that level of education and in Adult and Youth Education. The object is the necessities in these teachers formation. The thesis is that the literacy teacher reveals/constructs formation necessities when speaking of her practice, when exerting said practice or even when producing teaching materials which subside that practice; in other words, when making the theoretical/practical relation related to literacy teaching. The approach is qualitative, according to which the natural environment is the source for data collection; the focus of interest is the process of knowledge construction, and fundamental importance is given to the meanings constructed by the subjects. We comprehended that necessity is a socially constructed subjective phenomenon, and that necessity analysis allows the revelation of formation objectives. We used the case study as a methodological strategy which permits: studying a well-defined entity, [ ] as well as an academic institution; the global comprehension of the phenomenon of interest; discovering what is most essential and characteristic in the object. We counted with 17 teachers, 3 of which had their teaching practices observed. We observed the school routine, analyzed the main class documents and plans and interviewed the 17 teachers. We triangulated the data obtained by the routine observation, the observation of the three teachers practices and by the document analysis, next, we triangulated this data with the data from the analyzing the interviews with the 17 teachers. Such procedures reveal formation necessities in those teachers , such as: studying child cognitive development; reviewing the concepts of literacy teaching; reviewing fundaments of written language psychogenesis; reflecting on reading practices and literature; reflecting on the practice of daily planning; reflecting on the school s material conditions and the family/school relation. We concluded that researches of this nature contribute to the orientation of teacher formation programs / Nos ?ltimos anos, aqui no Brasil, as pesquisas na ?rea de educa??o t?m se voltado para o estudo de necessidades de forma??o, pelas pr?ticas de an?lise de necessidades, para subsidiar os programas de forma??o continuada do professor. Esta pesquisa sobre necessidades de forma??o de professoras alfabetizadoras dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental teve origem nas nossas discuss?es na academia, sobre os problemas da repet?ncia e evas?o relacionados ? alfabetiza??o na escola p?blica brasileira. Definimos como objetivo: conhecer necessidades de forma??o de professoras alfabetizadoras da Escola Municipal Odila Leite, Natal/RN, cujo foco ? alfabetiza??o nesse n?vel de ensino e na Educa??o de Jovens e Adultos. O objeto s?o as necessidades de forma??o dessas professoras. A tese ? a de que a professora alfabetizadora revela/constr?i necessidades de forma??o ao falar de sua pr?tica, ao exercer esta pr?tica ou mesmo ao produzir materiais did?ticos que subsidiam essa pr?tica, ou seja, ao fazer a rela??o teoria/pr?tica concernente ? alfabetiza??o. A abordagem ? qualitativa, segundo a qual o ambiente natural ? a fonte da coleta de dados; o processo de constru??o do conhecimento ? o foco de interesse e aos significados constru?dos pelos sujeitos ? atribu?da fundamental import?ncia. Compreendemos que necessidade ? um fen?meno subjetivo, socialmente constru?do, e que a an?lise de necessidades permite a revela??o de objetivos de forma??o. Usamos o estudo de caso como estrat?gia metodol?gica que permite: estudar uma entidade bem definida, [...] como uma institui??o escolar; a compreens?o global do fen?meno de interesse; descobrir o que h? de mais essencial e caracter?stico no objeto. Contamos com 17 professoras, das quais 3 tiveram suas pr?ticas pedag?gicas observadas. Observamos o cotidiano escolar, analisamos os principais documentos e roteiros de aula e entrevistamos as 17 professoras. Triangulamos os dados obtidos pelas observa??es do cotidiano, pelas observa??es da pr?tica das tr?s professoras e pelas an?lises dos documentos, em seguida, triangulamos esses dados com os dados da an?lise das entrevistas das 17 professoras. Tais procedimentos revelam necessidades de forma??o dessas professoras, como de: estudar o desenvolvimento cognitivo da crian?a; revisar os conceitos de alfabetiza??o e letramento; revisar fundamentos da psicog?nese da l?ngua escrita; refletir sobre as pr?ticas de leitura e literatura; refletir sobre a pr?tica de planejamento di?rio; refletir sobre as condi??es materiais da escola e sobre a rela??o fam?lia/escola. Conclu?mos que pesquisas dessa natureza contribuem para orienta??o de programas de forma??o do professor