There are several motivational factors for why entrepreneurs start a venture, continue to run the venture and also exit the venture. A prevalent theme in previous literature regarding entrepreneurial motivation, is the dichotomy of push and pull theory. This suggests that an entrepreneur can either be a necessity entrepreneur or an opportunity entrepreneur, meaning their motivation comes from either push or pull factors. Newer research argues that push and pull factors can co-exist and also change over time, highlighting that this dichotomy is ambiguous. However, this is still an under-researched area and many researchers call for more empirical findings concerning this topic. To gather more information regarding this disagreement, a qualitative study was executed, through semi-structured interviews with Swedish entrepreneurs from different entrepreneurial phases. The findings in this study indicate that motivational push and pull factors can be present simultaneously in an individual, and also change over time, depending on dynamic internal and external factors regarding the entrepreneur themselves and/or the venture.

Purpose of the Study. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a need in the plastics industries in the State of Utah for plastics education at the area vocational school level. Source of the Data and Method of Study. A list of companies whose major function was plastics processing was obtained from the Directory of Utah Manufacturers. Additional companies were also identified if they were suspect of having any type of plastics processing function within their company. A questionnaire was sent to those companies identified to determine which companies were directly concerned with plastics education. Once these companies were identified, a second questionnaire was sent. This questionnaire was designed to provide knowledge of the functions performed by the plastics industry in the state, the level of skill and knowledge required of the workers performing these functions, and the opportunities available for persons trained in the field of plastics. Findings and Conclusions. Twenty-nine industries were identified as companies being directly concerned with plastics education. Of this number, the majority were found to be in the Salt Lake area. Processes that are representative of the processes performed throughout the nation were found to be performed in the state and all of the major processes were performed. Most companies participating in the study expected growth within the next year and many had worker vaccines at the time of the study. Most companies indicated that personnel with training dealing with plastics could expect higher wages. Their greatest need was for skilled and semi-skilled workers. It was concluded that the number of industries responding to the study represented a large enough need in terms of projected number of employees, types of processes used, and vacancies at present that a program of instruction could be justified at the area vocational level. Also, it was concluded that skills in areas other than those dominating the processing functions on a national level were of greater importance to the companies performing processing functions with plastics in the state of Utah than they are throughout the total industry.

No description available.

No description available.

The aim of this study isto analyze the influence of institutional quality on the realization process of entrepreneurial intentions. In this analysis a distinction is made between opportunity-based and necessity-based entrepreneurial intentions. Using Ajzen’s Theory of Planned behavior I hypothesized that Opportunity-based entrepreneurial intentions would better translate to actual entrepreneurship than necessity-based entrepreneurial intentions. Moreover, institutional quality was expected to directly influence both types of entrepreneurship and to moderate the realization of both types of intentions to actual entrepreneurship. In order to test these hypotheses, data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, The Heritage Foundation, and The World Bank was adopted, and several regressions have been performed. The outcomes show that opportunity-based intentions and necessity-based intentions translate to entrepreneurship, but that opportunity intentions are not superior in determining levels of entrepreneurship. Moreover, institutional quality has shown to negatively influence necessity intentions, but not opportunity intentions. Finally, Institutional quality negatively moderates opportunity intentions, but not necessity intentions. In conclusion, this study contributes significantly to the literature by exposing this difference in domains in which institutional quality has an effect and by displaying the potential negative effect of institutional quality on realizing entrepreneurial intentions.

No description available.

In the first chapter of this thesis it is shown that Hume has not denied a "real connection" between physical causes and effects. It is argued that Hume is not mainly concerned with the ontological status of causal necessity. His main contention is epistemological; he aims to explain the grounds we have for asserting causal connections. When we look for the grounds of casual interference we find nothing but constant conjunction, which accounts for the mental determination to pass from an impression to the idea of its usual attendant. But it does not follow from this psychological theory that Hume denies "real connections" between physical objects and events. On the contrary, he is committed, as the texts reveal, to admitting that there is a "real connection", although he denies that we have any insight into the nature of that connection. Chapter two is intended to settle the dispute over the status of Burne's two definitions of "cause". It is shown that thev are not incompatible, and it is only when both the definitions are taken together that Hume's analysis of causation is complete. In chapter three a detailed defence is undertaken of Hume's claim that we do not know causal connections a priori and that the inference from past experience to future prediction is not rationally justifiable. Although predictions of future events can not be rationally defended, Hume does not reject them, but gives them a naturalistic, psychological explanation. By considering all relevant factors it is shown that Hume's analyses of causation are quite consistent and not subjectivist in the sense often attributed to them. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Bakgrund: Styrketräning är en viktig träningsform som medför flertalet hälsofördelar som minskad risk för sjukdomar och bättre hälsa. Forskning har visat att styrketräning ökar energiförbrukning under och efter träning. Marklyft är en helkroppsövning som har stor effekt inom styrketräning. Till författarnas vetskap har inga tidigare studier undersökt akut energiförbrukning (EE) och syreupptagning (V’O2) under marklyft med samma totala träningsvolym. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att ta reda på effekterna av akut respons av V’O2 och energiförbrukning under marklyft med två intensiteter men samma totala volym. Metod: 7 manliga deltagare rekryterades med en medelålder på 23,7. Testerna och datainsamlingen genomfördes under 3 separata tillfällen genom viloomsättnings-tester följt av marklyftstester och återtest. Deltagarna utförde ett set av 40% 1RM x 10 repetitioner under 30 sekunder och ett set av 80% 1RM x 5 repetitioner under 30 sekunder. Mellan 40% och 80% tester hade deltagarna 7 minuters vila. Resultat: Det visade tendenser till att 80% 1RM ökar energiförbrukningen och kräver högre V’O2 än 40% 1RM under arbetsfasen. Återhämtningsfasen visade signifikant skillnad i energiförbrukning mellan 40% 1RM och 80% 1RM (p=0,007). Återhämtningen visade även en signifikant skillnad i V’O2 mellan 40% 1RM och 80% 1RM (p=0,028). Slutsats: Studien indikerar att marklyft vid hög belastning resulterar i högre energiförbrukning och ökad V’O2 till jämfört med lägre belastning under arbetsfasen och återhämtningsfasen. / Background: Strength training is an important method of training that brings several health benefits including reduced risk of diseases and a better wellness. Studies have shown that strength training increases energy expenditure (EE) during and after training. Deadlift is a compound exercise which has a big impact within strength training. To the knowledge of the authors no studies has looked into the differences in EE and VO’2 during deadlift with the same amount of volume. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine acute response of V’O2 and EE during deadlift with two different intensities but same total amount of volume (dose). Method: 7 male participants were recruited with a mean age of 23,7. Testing and data collection were done on 3 separate occasions through RMR-testing followed by deadlifts and retest. The participants did one set of 40% 1RM x 10 repetitions under 30 seconds and one set of 80% 1RM x 5 repetitions under 30 seconds. In between 40% and 80% tests, the participants had 7 minutes of rest. Results: It shows tendencies that 80% 1RM increase EE more than 40% 1RM during workout phase. It also show tendencies that 80% 1RM demand higher V’O2 than 40% 1RM under the workout phase. Recovery phase showed a significant difference in EE between 40% 1RM and 80% 1RM (p=0,007). Recovery phase also showed a significant difference in V’O2 between 40% 1RM and 80% 1RM (p=0,028). Conclusion: The study shows that deadlift with heavier load result in higher EE and increased V’O2 compared to a lower load during the workout phase and recovery phase.

A glass couldn't contain water unless it contained H2O-molecules. Likewise, a man couldn't be a bachelor unless he was unmarried. Now, the latter is what we would call a conceptual or analytical truth. It's also what we would call a priori. But it's hardly a conceptual or analytical truth that if a glass contains water, then it contains H2O-molecules. Neither is it a priori. The fact that water is composed of H2O-molecules was an empirical discovery made in the eighteenth century. The fact that all bachelors are unmarried was not. But neither is a logical truth, so how do we explain the difference? Two-dimensional semantics is a framework that promises to shed light on these issues. The main purpose of this thesis is to understand and evaluate this framework in relation to various alternatives, to see whether some version of it can be defended. I argue that it fares better than the alternatives. However, much criticism of two-dimensionalism has focused on its alleged inability to provide a proper semantics for certain epistemic operators, in particular the belief operator and the a priori operator. In response to this criticism, a two-dimensional semantics for belief ascriptions is developed using structured propositions. In connection with this, a number of other issues in the semantics of belief ascriptions are addressed, concerning indexicals, beliefs de se, beliefs de re, and the problem of logical omniscience.

Les pouvoirs implicites, dans une acception large, sont les pouvoirs déduits par le juge et faisant appel à une argumentation distincte de celle fondée sur le seul sens accordé aux termes d’une disposition expresse. Le lien entre ce pouvoir et les textes est susceptible de varier, selon que le pouvoir est reconnu sur le fondement d’une disposition précise ou sur une appréhension globale des attributions de l’autorité qui en bénéficie. Pourtant,indépendamment de cette distinction, les pouvoirs implicites correspondent tous à la mise en oeuvre d’un raisonnement similaire : il faut considérer que l’auteur d’un texte désire que celui-ci puisse produise tous ses effets. Les textes doivent alors être entendus comme confiant non seulement tous les pouvoirs prévus expressément, mais aussi ceux qui sont nécessaires à l’accomplissement des objectifs confiés par leur auteur. Ce principe d’interprétation posé, le juge est ensuite conduit à apprécier cette nécessité au regard d’une ou d’un ensemble de dispositions. La jurisprudence administrative témoigne de la reconnaissance de pouvoirs implicites. Leur identification est cependant le plus souvent incertaine. Par ailleurs,les termes par lesquels le juge admet ces pouvoirs lient étroitement la reconnaissance de ceux-ci à la nécessité de fait des mesures adoptées, en dépit d’une distinction indispensable. Enfin, l’origine le plus souvent textuelle des pouvoirs conditionne leur régime : issus du texte, ils y restent soumis. / Broadly defined, implicit powers are powers that the judge deduces by interpreting the text of an express provision beyond the very meaning of the terms.The link between the power and the text from which it is deduced may vary: the power can be admitted on the basis of a specific provision or can derive from an extended view of the remit of the authority which receives this power. However, the same reasoning is at work in each case: we must presume that the author intended that his text shall fully take effect. Then we also assume that the authority has received not only all the powers explicitly described by the text, but also all those which are necessary to achieve the goals the author has assigned to this authority. Once this principle of interpretation set, the judge evaluates the requirement of an implicit power in relation with one or a body of provisions. Implicit powers have been admitted by the administrative case law. However, their designation is most often doubtful. Furthermore, the terms used by the judge fortheir recognition tightly connect their acceptance to the de facto necessity of the measures taken, despite a necessary differentiation between the one and the other. At last, the fact that this powers most often originate from a text determines their status, for the spirit of the text, if not the letter, still limits them.