Thesis (M.A.)--Taiwan da xue. / Spine title. Reproduced from typescript, on double leaves. Includes bibliographical references (p. [135-140]).

The purpose of this research was to determine whether genetic variation existed within <i>Bos taurus</i> Pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH), and whether this variation would affect carcass traits. PMCH had previously been shown to affect appetite and metabolism in rodent species, thus it was desirable to determine whether the gene had a similar effect in cattle, which could be interpreted based on carcass measurements of weight gain and fat production. Cattle PMCH was sequenced and an adenosine-to-thymine (A>T) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected 134 bp upstream of the translational start site. The SNP alleles were determined to significantly affect carcass traits including average fat and grade fat in two populations of cattle, and shear force measurements in one population. The adenosine homozygotes were found to have the highest fat levels and the thymine homozygotes the least, while the heterozygous animals had intermediate fat levels. Shear force values in the one available population indicated that cuts of meat from the adenosine homozygotes were most tender, while cuts from the thymine homozygotes were least tender. <p>The SNP was also found to significantly affect tenderness and palatability of meat, as evaluated by a consumer taste panel. The meat from adenosine homozygotes was found to be most tender and palatable. These results could not be validated as this data was unavailable in additional populations. <p>The location of the SNP suggested that it may affect PMCH transcription rates. In silico examination of the different alleles indicated that the thymine allele introduces a novel transcriptional repressor binding site for Adenovirus E4 Promoter Binding protein (E4BP4). Thus, it is believed that the SNP may affect transcriptional levels of the gene by reducing transcription rates in the presence of the thymine allele. <p>Cattle producers are expected to produce cattle with consistent amounts of lean meat and fat. Genetic testing of alleles found to affect fat production and meat tenderness traits are currently available to producers. A DNA test to select breeding stock based on PMCH alleles could be used in conjunction with other tests currently available to further improve carcass quality by selecting for animals with beneficial alleles at numerous genetic loci. Additionally, producers could make use of these findings to genetically sort cattle upon feedlot entry, maximizing the consistency of the finished beef product.

The purpose of this research was to determine whether genetic variation existed within <i>Bos taurus</i> Pro-melanin-concentrating hormone (PMCH), and whether this variation would affect carcass traits. PMCH had previously been shown to affect appetite and metabolism in rodent species, thus it was desirable to determine whether the gene had a similar effect in cattle, which could be interpreted based on carcass measurements of weight gain and fat production. Cattle PMCH was sequenced and an adenosine-to-thymine (A>T) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected 134 bp upstream of the translational start site. The SNP alleles were determined to significantly affect carcass traits including average fat and grade fat in two populations of cattle, and shear force measurements in one population. The adenosine homozygotes were found to have the highest fat levels and the thymine homozygotes the least, while the heterozygous animals had intermediate fat levels. Shear force values in the one available population indicated that cuts of meat from the adenosine homozygotes were most tender, while cuts from the thymine homozygotes were least tender. <p>The SNP was also found to significantly affect tenderness and palatability of meat, as evaluated by a consumer taste panel. The meat from adenosine homozygotes was found to be most tender and palatable. These results could not be validated as this data was unavailable in additional populations. <p>The location of the SNP suggested that it may affect PMCH transcription rates. In silico examination of the different alleles indicated that the thymine allele introduces a novel transcriptional repressor binding site for Adenovirus E4 Promoter Binding protein (E4BP4). Thus, it is believed that the SNP may affect transcriptional levels of the gene by reducing transcription rates in the presence of the thymine allele. <p>Cattle producers are expected to produce cattle with consistent amounts of lean meat and fat. Genetic testing of alleles found to affect fat production and meat tenderness traits are currently available to producers. A DNA test to select breeding stock based on PMCH alleles could be used in conjunction with other tests currently available to further improve carcass quality by selecting for animals with beneficial alleles at numerous genetic loci. Additionally, producers could make use of these findings to genetically sort cattle upon feedlot entry, maximizing the consistency of the finished beef product.

SANTRAUKA LR BK XXXIII skyriuje „Nusikaltimai ir baudžiamieji nusižengimai valstybės tarnybai ir viešiesiems interesams“ nustatyta atsakomybė už veikas, kurių vykdytojai – specialaus subjekto požymius turintys asmenys – valstybės tarnautojai arba jiems prilyginti asmenys. Viena iš ten nurodytų nusikalstamų veikų – piktnaudžiavimas tarnyba. Tai viena iš dažniausių veikų valstybės tarnybai ir viešiesiems interesams. Piktnaudžiavimo tarnyba nusikaltimas nėra vientisas, o sudarytas iš atskirų elementų. Darbe išsamiai analizuojama ir aptariama šios nusikalstamos veikos sudėties samprata, ištakos ir raida. Pabrėžiant pagrindinius teisinės istorijos faktus, baigiamajame darbe išskiriami piktnaudžiavimo tarnyba sudėties teisinio reglamentavimo ypatumai istoriniame kontekste, apibrėžiama, kaip kito šio nusikaltimo reglamentavimas ir teisės aktai. Aptariami piktnaudžiavimo tarnyba sudėties subjektyvieji ir objektyvieji požymiai, kurie yra labai svarbūs siekiant tinkamai įvertinti nusikaltimo pobūdį ir nustatyti kvalifikaciją. Taip pat išskiriami svarbiausi požymiai, pagal kuriuos kvalifikuojama nusikaltimo sudėtis. Trumpai aptariamas nusikaltimo padarinys – žala, akcentuojama jos nustatymo problematika. Galutinėje, analitinėje baigiamojo darbo dalyje pateikiama lyginamoji analizė tarp LR baudžiamojo kodekso ir kitų valstybių baudžiamųjų kodeksų, kurios ratifikavo Baudžiamosios teisės konvenciją dėl korupcijos. Šią konvenciją ratifikavusios valstybės narės susitarė suvienodinti: •... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / SUMMARY The Chapter XXXIII of the Lithuanian criminal code entitled “Crimes and Misdemeanors Against Public Service and Public Interest” deals with the responsibility for the acts, whom promoters - special characteristics of the person subject - are public servants or assimilated individuals. More specifically the abuse of office is one of the offenses listed in the chapter. It is probably the offense that is the most commonly committed by public service and that attracts mainly the public interest. The offense of abuse of office is not homogeneous, but composed of different elements. The present paper analyzes and discusses in detail the composition of the concept of the offense, the origins and its evolution. Underlining the fundamental rule of historical facts, the thesis identifies abuse of office taking into account the peculiarities of legal regulation in its historical context and describes the evolution of regulatory and criminal law. Another aspect of this work is to discuss the subjective and objective sides of the abuse of office. These two parts are crucial to properly assess the nature and the penalty of the offense. The thesis also identifies the key features, according to the classified elements of the crime. The crime consequence and damage are briefly mentioned but the emphasis is made on the issues for the determination of the crime. The final analytical part is a comparative analysis between the criminal code of Republic of Lithuania and the criminal codes... [to full text]

Baigiamasis magistrinis darbas analizuoja aukštesnio nei įmonės lygio streiko organizavimo ypatumus Lietuvos Respublikoje, Latvijos Respublikoje ir Rusijos Federacijoje. Baigiamojo magistrinio darbo struktūrą sudaro keturios dalys. Pirmoje dalyje nagrinėjama teisės streikuoti samprata, jos reglamentavimo būdai, pateikiama tarptautinių dokumentų, tiesiogiai ar netiesiogiai įtvirtinančių teisę streikuoti, apžvalga bei vertinimas, analizuojama šios teisės prigimtis; taip pat šioje dalyje atskleidžiama streiko sąvoka ir svarbiausi jos kriterijai, pateikiamos streiko rūšys. Antroje dalyje nagrinėjama aukštesnio nei įmonės lygio streiko samprata, pateikiami kolektyvinės sutarties (susitarimo) rūšys ir jų ypatumai. Trečia dalis skirta aukštesnio nei įmonės lygio streiko organizavimui. Ši dalis susideda iš penkių skyrių, kurių kiekviename atskirai pateikiami konkrečios nagrinėjamos valstybės streiko dalyviai; analizuojama aukštesnio nei įmonės lygio streiko skelbimo tvarka, daugiausia dėmesio skiriama nustatytam balsavimo kvorumui ir šio reikalavimo praktiniam įgyvendinimui, nagrinėjamas sutikimo streikuoti galiojimas, analizuojami siūlomų pakeitimų praktinis įgyvendinimas, aptariami įspėjimo kriterijai konkrečios valstybės atžvilgiu; taip pat šioje dalyje išdėstoma aukštesnio nei įmonės lygio streiko eiga, aptariami vadovaujančio organo uždaviniai ir funkcijos; detaliai analizuojami streiko apribojimai ir jų praktinis įgyvendinimas aukštesnio nei įmonės lygio streiko atveju... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Master thesis analyzes peculiarities of strike organization in the Republic of Lithuania, Republic of Latvia and Russian Federation. The Master thesis consists of four parts. The first part analyzes the concept of the right to strike, methods of its regulation, a review and assessment of international documents directly or indirectly consolidating the right to strike, the nature of this right is analyzed, too. This part covers the concept of the strike, its main criteria and the types of strikes. The second part analyzes the concept of strike at a higher than company level, peculiarities and types of collective agreements. The third part covers organization of strikes at a higher than a company level. This part consists of five sections, each of them analyzes participants of specific state strike; course of announcing strike at a higher than company level, the biggest attention is paid to the established quorum of voting and practical implementation of this requirement, validity of agreement to strike, practical implementation of the offered changes are analyzed, too, warning criteria for a specific country are reviewed. This part also gives the course of strike at a higher than company level, goals and functions of the governing body are reviewed, strike limitations and their practical implementation in the case of a strike at a higher than company level are analyzed in detail; legitimate criteria of this type of strike in the case of each country are provided as well as... [to full text]

Šio magistro darbo objektas - kolektyvinių derybų bei kolektyvinių sutarčių, sudaromų aukštesniu nei įmonės lygiu, institutai. Paprastai kolektyvinės derybos pradedamos ir vykdomos siekiant parengti ir sudaryti kolektyvinę sutartį. Tačiau sąvoka „kolektyvinės derybos” iš tiesų yra gerokai platesnė, negu vien derybos dėl kolektyvinės sutarties sudarymo, nors pastarosios ir yra svarbiausios. Kolektyvinės derybos yra socialinės partnerystės forma ir priemonė kolektyvinių darbo santykių subjektams bei jų atstovams savo interesus derinti ir ginčus spręsti derybomis. Be to, kolektyvinių sutarčių pasirašymas yra pažangus reiškinys, užtikrinantis stabilumą ir socialinę taiką. Ši tema ne tik aktuali, bet ir problemiška, nes derybos dėl kolektyvinių sutarčių, aukštesniu nei įmonės lygiu, praktiškai nevyksta ir šių sutarčių sudaroma labai mažai. Todėl darbe siekiama visapusiškai išanalizuoti ne tik kolektyvines derybas ir kolektyvines sutartis, sudaromas aukštesniu nei įmonės lygiu, bet ir ieškoti priežasčių, kodėl šių kolektyvinių sutarčių sudaroma tiek mažai. Darbe taip pat aptariama kolektyvinių sutarčių, aukštesniu nei įmonės lygiu, sudarymo galimybė valstybės tarnyboje. / The object of this master thesis is the institutes of the Collective Bargaining and Collective Bargaining Agreements Above Enterprise Level. Mostly the Collective Bargaining is begun in that goal to prepare and make the Collective Agreement. However, the conception of the Collective Bargaining is substantially more comprehensive than the conclusion of the Collective Agreement. The Collective Bargaining is the form of the Social Partnership and the means for the subjects of the labour footing to coordinate their interests and to deal disputes by the Collective Bargaining. Additionally the signing of the Collective Agreements is a progressive phenomenon safeguarding stability and social peace. This thesis is not only actual, but it is also problematical, because there is no many Collectives Agreements Above Enterprise Level in Lithuania. For this reason it is not only reached to analyse the Collective Bargaining and Collective Bargaining Agreements Above Enterprise Level, but also to seek for reasons why these Collective Agreements are not made. There is also discussed the conclusion of the Collective Agreements Above Enterprise Level in Civil Service in this master paper.

Abasic sites (Ap site, from apurinic/apyrimidinic) are one of the most common lesions generated in DNA by spontaneous base loss or DNA repair processes. There are two equilibrating forms of an Ap site - ring-open aldehyde and cyclic hemiacetal. Ring- opened aldehydes are reactive electrophilic groups capable of formation covalent adduct with nucleophilic sites in DNA. DNA interstrand cross-link (ICL) resulting from the Ap sites is formed spontaneously as a covalent bond between ring-open aldehyde and amin group of adenin residue in the opposite strand of double stranded DNA. ICLs block DNA replication and transcription. The formation of Ap site derived ICL is relatively long process taking several hours. We assume that the ring-opening of an abasic site is the rate-limiting step in the formation of the thermodynamic ICL. However, formation, stability and DNA repair of Ap-ICL are still poorly understood processes. Here, I have set up mechanistic in vitro experiments to reveal and calculate the probability of Ap-ICl formation in vivo. In more detail, I study the rates of formation of Ap-ICLs in the sequence context of neighbouring nucleotides of freshly formed covalent bond of ICL. I focus on sequence preference, the influence of AT/ GC rich regions and the length of oligonucleotides. I have...

I nuläget finns det begränsat med forskning hur det går för de personer som opererar bort ett öga. Detta kan medföra att ögonsjuksköterskan ger otillräcklig information till patient och anhöriga i samband med att det är aktuellt att bära protes. Därför var det av intresse att undersöka den synrelaterade livskvaliteten hos personer som genomgått en ögonamputation. Syftet var att belysa synrelaterad livskvalitet hos personer som genomgått en ögonamputation och har en ögonprotes. Studien är en tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv design. Datainsamlingen omfattade frågeformuläret NEI-VFQ-25 med tilläggsfrågor, där deltagarna var vuxna personer som genomgått en ögonamputation de senaste fem åren. Resultatet visade att deltagarna hade lägre synrelaterad livskvalitet än personer i kontrollgruppen från H70-studien 2014/2015 med och utan påverkan på synförmågan. Mest besvär hade deltagarna med sidoseende och aktiviteter både på nära och långt håll. Resultatet av studien kan ge ögonsjuksköterskan fördjupad kunskap som kan användas i personcentrerad vård som stöd för att uppmuntra personen som genomgått en ögon amputation och att på bästa sätt hantera sin nya livssituation. Forskning omfattande synrelaterad livskvalitet hos samtliga vuxna personer i Sverige som genomgått en ögonamputation och har ögonprotes vore av intresse, eftersom resultatet baseras på en grupp patienter vid en ögonklinik. / At the moment there is little research about the outcome of people who have had an eye surgically removed. This may result in an ophthalmic nurse giving insufficient information to patients and relatives. Therefore, it would be interesting to investigate the vision related quality of life in relation to the eyesight of persons who have undergone an eye amputation. The purpose was to illustrate the vision related quality of life of people who have been subject to an eye amputation and have an eye prothesis. The study is a cross-sectional study with a descriptive design. The data collection was conducted using the questionnaire NEI-VFQ-25 together with supplementary questions which was sent to adults who have undergone an eye amputation in the last five years. The results showed that eye amputees had lower vision-related quality of life than participants in a control group from the H70 study 2014/2015 with and without visual symptoms. The biggest inconvenience for the participants was peripheral vision and both near activities and distance activities. The results of the study can provide the ophthalmic nurse with a deeper knowledge to be used working with personcentered care and provide thourough information to support persons how has went through an eye amputation to manage their new life situation. Further research on eye amputees vision-related quality of life nationally is needed because the result is based on a limited study group.

Many individuals with impaired vision experience a decreased quality of life. Quality of life is defined as "the degree to which an individual enjoys the important possibilities of their life. " Vision rehabilitation outcomes primarily focus on the functional impacts of interventions, with less attention being paid to any associated psychosocial impacts. This study examines the relationship between measures of visual function status and psychosocial status in individuals acquiring low vision assistive devices for the first time. One hundred and twenty subjects were evaluated after purchasing their first low vision device from a University-based low vision clinic. The measures used were the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25) and the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scales (PIADS). The NEI-VFQ 25 measures the status of visual function, while PIADS is a device impact measure, which explores the psychosocial impact of devices on three domains: competence, adaptability, and self-esteem. This study determines the strength of association between these two measures at initial and follow-up administrations, and between each subsequent measure as a result of the time interval between administrations, in addition to assessing whether or not a change in stability for the measures occurred over time. Modest strengths of associations were anticipated and the short time interval was not expected to be a factor in change in stability of the measures. The expectation was that subjective reports of functional changes should have a moderate correlation with psychosocial impact.

Many individuals with impaired vision experience a decreased quality of life. Quality of life is defined as "the degree to which an individual enjoys the important possibilities of their life. " Vision rehabilitation outcomes primarily focus on the functional impacts of interventions, with less attention being paid to any associated psychosocial impacts. This study examines the relationship between measures of visual function status and psychosocial status in individuals acquiring low vision assistive devices for the first time. One hundred and twenty subjects were evaluated after purchasing their first low vision device from a University-based low vision clinic. The measures used were the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ 25) and the Psychosocial Impact of Assistive Devices Scales (PIADS). The NEI-VFQ 25 measures the status of visual function, while PIADS is a device impact measure, which explores the psychosocial impact of devices on three domains: competence, adaptability, and self-esteem. This study determines the strength of association between these two measures at initial and follow-up administrations, and between each subsequent measure as a result of the time interval between administrations, in addition to assessing whether or not a change in stability for the measures occurred over time. Modest strengths of associations were anticipated and the short time interval was not expected to be a factor in change in stability of the measures. The expectation was that subjective reports of functional changes should have a moderate correlation with psychosocial impact.