Decisions made at the early stage of building and settlement design can greatly influence the energy performance of the built environment. However, the type of feasible design intervention and their impact strong depends on project: if it is a new development or a re-development, whether the setting of the project is urban or rural, etc. Utilizing Bysjöstrand EcoVillage as a case, the aim of this thesis is to improve the energy performance of a new development at its early design stage through the passive and active use of solar energy. The study evaluated the energy saving potential of various passive solar design strategies as well as the solar energy potential of the new development. The steps taken to reduce the energy consumption are focused on the annual heating demand of buildings, since it accounts for more than a half of the total energy consumed by the village. The energy saving potential of the following passive solar design approaches were considered: building siting, building orientation, windows-to-wall ratio (WWR) analysis and insulation thickness optimization from the economic perspective. Furthermore, an assessment of energy generation potential from on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems was conducted. The financial viability of each building’s PV system was also conducted. According to the results, the evaluated passive solar design strategies can reduce the annual heating energy consumption close to 17 %. Regarding onsite energy generation, electricity from roof-installed PV systems can cover over 100% of the annual energy consumption estimated for the residential lighting and equipment within the eco-village. In summary, this study has demonstrated that with the above design considerations a 50 % reduction of energy consumption from the utility grid is possible. This study is useful for architects, energy engineers, and other parties who are involved in residential buildings energy performance optimization.

Decisions made at the early stage of building and settlement design can greatly influence the energy performance of the built environment. However, the type of feasible design intervention and their impact strong depends on project: if it is a new development or a re-development, whether the setting of the project is urban or rural, etc. Utilizing Bysjöstrand EcoVillage as a case, the aim of this thesis is to improve the energy performance of a new development at its early design stage through the passive and active use of solar energy. The study evaluated the energy saving potential of various passive solar design strategies as well as the solar energy potential of the new development. The steps taken to reduce the energy consumption are focused on the annual heating demand of buildings, since it accounts for more than a half of the total energy consumed by the village. The energy saving potential of the following passive solar design approaches were considered: building siting, building orientation, windows-to-wall ratio (WWR) analysis and insulation thickness optimization from the economic perspective. Furthermore, an assessment of energy generation potential from on-site photovoltaic (PV) systems was conducted. The financial viability of each building’s PV system was also conducted. According to the results, the evaluated passive solar design strategies can reduce the annual heating energy consumption close to 17 %. Regarding onsite energy generation, electricity from roof-installed PV systems can cover over 100% of the annual energy consumption estimated for the residential lighting and equipment within the eco-village. In summary, this study has demonstrated that with the above design considerations a 50 % reduction of energy consumption from the utility grid is possible. This study is useful for architects, energy engineers, and other parties who are involved in residential buildings energy performance optimization.

This research is an exploratory investigation of the potential of New Urbanist planning and design principles to create thriving and successful neighborhoods. New Urbanism is an urban design movement started in the early 1980s that promotes the development of walkable, compact, and diverse neighborhoods. It is the objective of this research to shed light on the value of creating a higher quality of life and more time for ourselves and our families. I hypothesize that New Urbanism may pave the way for recapturing commute time for time with family, creating authentic and successful communities, and engaging with neighbors. Furthermore, by utilizing the design principles of New Urbanism, traditional neighborhoods that re-integrate the activities of daily living may be possible. In short, this research is an explanatory and exploratory investigation that examines whether incorporating the design principles of New Urbanism can create walkable and successful communities that promote community-making with urban patterns that facilitate knowing neighbors, communication among neighbors, community activities, and a long term sense of belonging. This research focuses on three case studies of New Urbanism: a large scale development in Atlanta, Georgia with approximately 3,500 residents, a moderate scale development in Tampa, Florida with approximately 2,000 residents, and a small scale development in Fernandina Beach, Florida with approximately 700 residents. These three case studies provide successful examples of the integration of the design principles of New Urbanism. New Urbanism can be used as the stimulus for the types of neighborhoods Americans has been missing since World War II. At each of these sites, observations were made of the ways in which the design of the development has fostered community and created walkable and livable neighborhoods.

Le sujet de recherches a pour objectif d’étudier la mise en œuvre de la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage, dans le cadre des opérations immobilières. Ces dernières recouvrent l’opération de construction immobilière, de vente immobilière et de location immobilière. Elles peuvent être classées en deux catégories, dans la mesure où elles engendrent directement ou indirectement des troubles anormaux de voisinage. Toutes ces opérations immobilières sont à l’origine de nombreuses nuisances qui impactent les biens et les personnes. Ces opérations tendent alors vers une dénaturation de la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage. Les troubles anormaux de voisinage, découlant des opérations immobilières, se propagent dans l’espace. Le champ d’application de la théorie est alors élargi par la prise en compte d’une zone troublée. Concernant l’unique condition posée par la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage, l’anormalité du trouble, celle-ci semble bien respectée lorsqu’il s’agit de l’appliquer aux troubles émanant des opérations immobilières. Cependant, la particularité de ces opérations est qu'elles font intervenir plusieurs personnes, ce qui pose des difficultés quant à la question de savoir qui sera responsable sur le terrain de la théorie relative aux troubles anormaux de voisinage. Actuellement, les juges condamnent l’auteur direct des troubles anormaux de voisinage, à qui les troubles sont imputables. Dès lors, les juges ne s’attachent pas uniquement à la qualité de voisin pour appliquer la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage. Au regard des exemples quant à la nature des troubles et des auteurs de ceux-ci, les opérations immobilières ont donc entraîné une dénaturation de la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage. La recherche d'un fondement juridique est alors importante pour résoudre ce problème. Des propositions ont été faites pour introduire un nouvel article au sein du Code civil relatif à la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage. Or, la spécificité des opérations immobilières met en évidence l’importance des clauses contractuelles pour les troubles anormaux de voisinage. De plus, la prévention des troubles anormaux de voisinage devraient davantage être mise en exergue. Ces éléments initient une réflexion autour de la portée de la théorie des troubles anormaux de voisinage. Celle-ci devrait prendre en compte la donnée environnementale ce qui justifierait l’importance de la prévention et permettrait de légitimer la condamnation de tous les intervenants aux opérations immobilières. Cette nouvelle étude aboutit à créer un nouveau droit du voisinage qui regroupe toutes les règles juridiques relatives à la relation de voisinage en les adaptant à la donnée environnementale. / The research topic is aimed to study the implementation of the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances, in the context of real estate operations. They include the real estate construction, the real estate sale and the real estate rental. They may be classified in two categories, to the extent that they create directly or indirectly abnormal neighborhood disturbances. All these operations are the cause of many disturbances affecting assets and people. They tend towards a denaturation of the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances. The abnormal neighborhood disturbances, resulting from the real estate operations, are propagated in the surrounding space. The scope of the theory is then expanded by taking into account a troubled area. Concerning the only condition laid down by the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances, the abnormality of the disturbance, she seems respected well when it comes to apply in to the troubles arising from real estate operations. However, the particularity of these operations is that they involve several people, wich creates difficulties as for the question to know which will be responsible on the ground of the theory relative to abnormal neighborhood disturbances. At present, the judges condemn the direct author of abnormal neighborhood disturbances, to whom the disturbances are attributable. Consequently, judges do not focus only on the quality of neighbor to apply the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances. Through the examples as for the nature of the disturbances and the authors of these, real estate operations have therefore led to a distortion of the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances. The research for a legal foundation is then important for solving this problem. Proposals were made to introduce a new article within the civil code concerning the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances. However, the specificity of real estate operations highlights the importance of the contractual clauses for the abnormal neighborhood disturbances. Furthermore, the prevention of abnormal neighborhood disturbances should more be highlighted. These elements introduce a reflection around the scope of the theory of abnormal neighborhood disturbances. This one should take into account the environmental problem what would justify the importance of the prevention and would allow to legitimize the condemnation of all the participants to real estate operations. This new study succeeds to create a new right of the neighborhood which include all the legal rules concerning the relation of neighborhood by adapting them to the environmental problem.

This study evaluates the role of the Neighborhood Health Coordinators (NHC's) within Kaiser Foundation's Comprehensive Neighborhood Health Services (CNHS) Project. This project was established in September, 1967, under the provisions of the 1966 amendments to the Economic Opportunity Act, to provide and make readily available comprehensive medical care to 1ow-income persons. In compliance with the stipulations of this Act, persons who reside in target areas, designated as depressed neighborhoods, were hired to serve as NRC's. These indigenous non-professionals serve as links or "gatekeepers" between the low-income persons enrolled in this program, and the Kaiser medical care facilities which include the hospital-clinic and three neighborhood health clinics. The NRC's were to enroll these low-income families in the program, and assist them in obtaining appropriate health services. In addition to these primary responsibilities, the NHC’s were to refer their clients to community resources whenever necessary. The impact of the NHC's contact with families enrolled in the program was evaluated on the basis of two major indices: utilization of total medical care services and four specific areas of preventive health care. The findings of this study support the underlying assumption upon which the NRC's were hired and trained; that is, they are effective in increasing the total utilization of out-patient medical services and utilization of specific preventive health services by families with whom they have the most personal contact. In a secondary analysis, characteristics related to several CNRS Project objectives, attitudinal scales and socio-demographic characteristics are examined to determine their relationship to the staff's perception of an "ideal" NHC. This analysis shows that aptitude in interpersonal relationships and personal growth are two characteristics highly associated with rank. Several attitudinal scales, especially powerlessness and dogmatism, are positively associated with rank. Measures of knowledge in the areas of health and medical care programs have a low or negative association with rank. This study does not make an exhaustive investigation of characteristics which may be associated with rank; therefore, other variables considered by the administrative staff in their evaluation of an "ideal” NHC may not have been measured.

Cílem této dizertační prace je vylepšit existující detektory objektů pomocí sdílení informace a výpočtů mezi blízkými pozicemi v obraze. Navrhuje dvě metody, které jsou založené na Waldově sekvenčním testu poměrem pravděpodobností a algoritmu WaldBoost. První z nich, Early non-Maxima Suppression , přesunuje rozhodování o potlačení nemaximálních pozic ze závěrečné fáze do fáze vyhodnocování detektoru, čímž zamezuje zbytečným výpočtům detektoru v nemaximálních pozicích. Metoda neighborhood suppression doplňuje existující detektory o schopnost zavrhnout okolní pozice v obraze. Navržené metody je možné aplikovat na širokou škálu detektorů. Vyhodnocení obou metod dokazují jejich výrazně vyšší efektivitu v porovnání s detektory, které vyhodnocují jednotlivé pozice obrazu zvlášť. Dizertace navíc prezentuje výsledky rozsáhlých experimentů, jejichž cílem bylo vyhodnotit vlastnosti běžných obrazových příznaků v několika detekčních úlohách a situacích.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18584号 / 工博第3945号 / 新制||工||1606(附属図書館) / 31484 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 神吉 紀世子, 教授 門内 輝行, 教授 髙田 光雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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