Ce mémoire porte sur le développement d'un protocole d'extraction sélective de métaux présents dans les accumulateurs Ni-Cd en fin de vie. Classiquement, les procédés hydrométallurgiques appliqués à ce type de solides comportent de nombreuses étapes dont les principales sont la lixiviation et la récupération du métal par électrolyse. Le procédé utilisé permet le couplage des opérations d'Electrolixiviation et d'Electrodéposition (noté E/E) au sein d'une même cellule. La technique est basée sur la lixiviation de la matière active des accumulateurs Ni-Cd par les protons générés à l'anode, les cations lixiviés (Co2+, Ni2+ et Cd2+) migrent vers la cathode où le cadmium est sélectivement réduit. Nous avons étudié les possibilités de récupération des métaux, mais également tenté d'appréhender les phénomènes prenant place dans la cellule lors du couplage E/E. Dans un premier temps, nous avons choisi de démanteler manuellement des accumulateurs en raison de la complexité des broyats industriels. La matière active des accumulateurs Ni-Cd a été caractérisée. Sa composition moyenne est la suivante :Cd(OH)2 : 45,3 %, Cd0 : 0,02 %, Ni(OH)2 : 30,0 %, Ni0 :12,9 %, NiOOH : 0,9%, Co(OH)2 : 2,4 %. Au vu des différentes formes minéralogiques présentes, ce solide peut être considéré comme un déchet modèle pour ce traitement. Avant d'envisager le couplage E/E, la lixiviation chimique de la matière active par H2SO4 a d'abord été étudiée. La modélisation de cette opération a mis en évidence que la cinétique de dissolution de Cd(OH)2 est gouvernée par le transfert de masse des protons, la dissolution de Ni(OH)2 et Co(OH)2 étant quant à elle régie par la réaction chimique de surface. Dans ces conditions de lixiviation douce, le nickel métallique n'est pas oxydé et se retrouve dans le résidu solide avec le carbone. Nous avons pu démontrer ensuite la sélectivité de l'électrodéposition vis-à-vis du Co2+ et du Ni2+ avec un rendement faradique d'environ 99 % à une densité de courant de 350 A.m-2. L'étude cinétique de l'E/E a montré que l'électrolixiviation est l'étape limitante du procédé, phénomène qui a également été modélisé. L'E/E appliquée aux matériaux d'électrodes permet en 5 h 30 de lixivier 97 % du cadmium initialement présent. Le solide résiduel est composé à 82 % de nickel, principalement sous la forme métallique, 4 % de cadmium, 0,5 % de cobalt et 3 % de carbone. Le dépôt de cadmium est obtenu avec une pureté supérieure à 97 % et un rendement faradique de déposition supérieur à 74 % à une densité de courant de 350 A.m-2. La faisabilité du couplage E/E appliqué au traitement d'accumulateurs Ni-Cd en fin de vie a été démontrée malgré la complexité de la matrice. Les premiers essais d'application de ce traitement à des échantillons industriels (Cd(OH)2 : 36,1 %, Ni(OH)2 : 24,1 %, Ni0 : 16,6 %, NiOOH : 5,5 %, Co(OH)2 : 2,4 % et Fe :1% en masse) confirment les résultats obtenus avec les matériaux d'électrodes provenant du démantèlement manuel / This thesis focuses on the development of a protocol for selective extraction of metals from spent Ni-Cd batteries. Conventionally, hydrometallurgical processes applied to this type of solids involve several steps, the main ones being the leaching and the metal recovery by electrolysis. The method used consists in coupling Electroleaching to Electrodeposition operation (denoted E/E) within the same cell. The technique is based on the leaching of the active material of Ni-Cd batteries by protons generated at the anode: the cations (Co2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+) released by leaching migrate to the cathode where the cadmium is selectively reduced. We studied the possibility of metals recovery, but also tried to understand the phenomena occurring in the cell during the E/E experiments. Initially, it was preferred to manually dismantle batteries due to the complexity of industrial waste crushed. The active matter of Ni-Cd has been characterized. Its average composition is as follows: Cd(OH)2: 45.3%, Cd0: 0.02%, Ni(OH)2: 30.0%, Ni0: 12.9%, NiOOH: 0.9%, Co(OH)2: 2.4%. In view of these different mineralogical forms, this solid can be considered a model for the waste treatment. Before considering the E/E treatment, chemical leaching of the active matter by H2SO4 was first studied. Modelling of the tests carried out showed that the kinetics of Cd(OH)2 dissolution is governed by mass transfer of protons and the dissolution of Ni(OH)2 and Co(OH)2 by the surface chemical reaction. Under these conditions of soft leaching, metal nickel is not oxidized and is found in the solid residue, with carbon. We had to demonstrate the cadmium electrowinning selectivity, for separation from Co2+ and Ni2+ species, with a current efficiency up to 99% at a current density of 350 A.m-2. The kinetic study of the E/E showed that electroleaching is mainly governed by H+ generation at the anode. Besides, the overall process is largerly controlled by cations transport from the anode to the cathode side: this transport phenomenon had also been modeled. The E/E applied to the electrode materials for 5 h 30 allows the leaching of 97% of the cadmium initially present. The residual solid is composed by 82% of nickel, mainly in the metallic form, 4% of cadmium, 0.5% of cobalt and 3% carbon. The deposition of cadmium is obtained with a purity greater than 97% and a current efficiency greater than 74% at a current density of 350 A.m-2. The feasibility of the E/E coupling applied to the spent Ni-Cd batteries treatment has been demonstrated despite the complexity of the matrix. The first tests to apply this treatment to industrial samples (Cd(OH)2: 36.1% Ni(OH)2: 24.1% Ni0: 16.6% NiOOH: 5.5% Co(OH)2: 2.4% and Fe: 1% by weight) confirm the results obtained with the electrode material from the manual dismantling

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22439号 / 工博第4700号 / 新制||工||1734(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科航空宇宙工学専攻 / (主査)教授 岩井 裕, 教授 黒瀬 良一, 准教授 松本 充弘, 教授 吉田 英生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

<p>Ni-based superalloys have been widely used for high temperature applications such as turbine blades for jet propulsion and power plants due to their excellent creep, fatigue, and corrosion resistance. But as the demand for higher temperature capability and strength increases, there remains a need to better understand high temperature deformation mechanisms and improve and strengthen superalloys at these elevated temperatures. Recently, a correlation has been observed between solute segregation at planar defects (stacking faults, antiphase boundaries, etc) and enhanced high temperature creep properties – known colloquially as phase transformation strengthening. Experimentally, regardless of alloy composition, strong Co segregation at planar defects along with Cr has been observed. In addition, it has been suggested by density functional theory work that Co would promote Cr concentration at stacking faults by forming strong Cr-Co bonds. Based on these findings, it was hypothesized the presence of Co provides a significant thermodynamic driving force for segregation to planar defects. </p><p>In order to further investigate the correlation between solute segregation and deformation mechanisms the fabrication of a planar front single crystal Ni-based superalloy and its microstructure, alloy composition, and microhardness properties of the as-zone melted and solution heat treated states were investigated and compared to the directionally-solidified state to study the effect of microsegregation on these alloy characteristics. Next, new Co-containing, Cr-free alloys are designed to optimize g-g’ volume fraction, size, and morphology to mimic microstructures observed in single crystal superalloys. The general alloy design strategy and approach are outlined, and the composition, microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties of new Cr-free and Co-containing alloys are reported. A new set of Cr-free alloys have thus been designed, with modifications of Nb, Ta, and Ti additions ranging from 3 to 7 at.% to investigate the role of these elements on the phase transformation strengthening mechanism at elevated temperatures.</p><p></p>

This diploma thesis deals with the possibility of vibration sensing and vibrodiagnostics based on the use of so-called "SMART" materials such as piezoelectric layers or structures. Research studies have examined the general overview of vibrodiagnostic methods and their analysis of the possibility of sensing vibration by piezoelectric structures. This was followed by measuring and evaluating the results using various vibro-diagnostic methods. The results were compared with those obtained by sensing vibration using an accelerometer. We also dealt with the problem of detecting the deformation of the device by sensing vibration with piezoelectric structures. The last part was programming the "Myrio" to capture and evaluate the vibration using Labview.

Esta tesis consiste en la implementación de la tecnología de impresión 30 como una herramienta para el diseño y fabricación de soportes monolíticos que mejoran las prestaciones de los soportes convencionales. En un primer enfoque se ha empleado la estereolitografía (impresión 30) para la preparación directa de estructuras monolíticas de resina polimérica. Estos monolitos poliméricos con diferentes diseños geométricos se han empleado como soporte de la fase activa Cu0/Ce02 y su rendimiento fue estudiado en la reacción de oxidación preferencial de C0 (C0-Prüx). Un segundo enfoque ha consistido en la preparación de plantillas (moldes) mediante la tecnología de impresión 30 de modelado por deposición fundida, las cuales junto con un procedimiento de síntesis de hidrogeles de resorcinol y formaldehído han permitido obtener estructuras monolíticas de carbón con diferentes configuraciones geométricas de sus canales y una porosidad definida por las condiciones de síntesis. Estos monolitos de carbón se han empleado con éxito como soportes de las fases activas Cu0/Ce02 y Ni/Ce02, y su rendimiento catalítico fue estudiado en la reacción C0-Prüx y la reacción de metanación de C02, respectivamente.

This diploma thesis discusses the connection trough the programmable automation (PLC) with a personal computer (PC) for the purpose of operating software simulation in NI LabVIEW. Diploma thesis is divided in two main parts. Design and manufacture of the communication unit, which is in charge of communication between PC and PLC and further programming simulation models in software NI LabVIEW.

This work deals with possibilities of use of linear Hall sensors which are made as integrated circuit for construction of absolute sensors of position and rotary position. Hall sensors with permanent magnets allow a smaller construction. In this work there is described a design and solution of absolute linear sensor of position for linear drive of Stewart's platform and absolute sensors of rotary position for robotic manipulator Mini-swing. Use of these sensors adds many advantages, primary minimal size and high resolution.

Thesis deals with active magnetic bearing (AMB) levitation control design. Its prototype was done in FSI collaboration with FEKT VUT Brno. The research is focused on communication tools and mathematical model making as well as general AMB issues. Based on this the control design is done an experimentally verified.

This master´s thesis deals with automatic control of solid fuel boiler. Main goal of this thesis is to design control system for combustion system EKOGEM. In this thesis is introduced combustion system and its designed control. Thesis describes realization of control system and presents results, in which shows its benefits for combustion system. Control system is realized in NI LabVIEW environment.

study documents the occurrence of the intellectual hero in anime, focussing on the anime series of Monster (2004), Paranoia Agent (Kon 2004) and Umineko no Naku Koro ni (Kon 2009). The characters, Doctor Kenzo Tenma, Detective Keiichi Ikari and Battler Ushiromiya represent the concept of the intellectual hero in anime. Each intellectual hero in anime exists as an embodiment of literature pertaining to the hero and the anime hero. The intellectual hero in anime is derived from key aspects of Thomas Carlyle's (1796-1881) writings concerning heroes and hero-worship. Antonia Levi and Susan Napier contribute further aspects pertaining to the depiction of the intellectual hero in anime, by discussing the concept of the anime hero. As such, the intellectual hero in anime exists as a concept encompassing elements of both the traditionally perceived styled hero and anime hero. Carlyle's theories reveal the intellectual hero in anime's preference for intelligence, genius and order versus disorder; while exhibiting aspects of an inborn morality. Levi and Napier document the fallibility, sincerity, the complex divided self, moral ambiguity and turmoil of the anime hero. This combined definition communicates an intelligent and exceptional character experiencing failure during his encounter with the antagonist -- an agent of disorder. This study thus appropriates these concepts on the hero and anime hero to construct a concise and viable definition. Moreover, this study strives to identify and promote the existence of the intellectual hero. The intellectual hero in anime acts as a possible bridge between the traditionally perceived hero and anime hero. By identifying this concept, the study opts to prove the validity of the intellectual hero in anime, by means of a qualitative content analysis. Furthermore, a semiotic analysis documents the visual depiction of the intellectual hero in anime. As such, the aim of the study is to document the occurrence of the intellectual hero in anime by means of a qualitative content analysis and semiotics. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Visual Arts / MA / Unrestricted