My general premise is that sports and recreations are among the most revealing mirrors of many societies, offering a distinctive insight into social patterns, cultural values and even economic conditions. From this it follows that research on the USSR, using the sport-system as a case-study, may throw light on important characteristics of social processes in Soviet-type societies -- all the more so because the place of sport is evidently more central in the Soviet social system. This study attempts to show the extent to which the forms of recreation which developed in the USSR have or have not coincided with the predictions and aspirations of Marxist writers about playful activities in the society of the future. The study contains a historical account of sport in Russia and the USSR, with sections devoted to each of the main periods into which Russian and Soviet history is conventionally broken down according to the stages of its economic and political development. In addition, a special section is devoted to Soviet sport as s reflection of Soviet foreign policy. Sport is taken in the widest sense to include, too, the systems of physical education which developed in Russian and Soviet schools and colleges. The Introduction examines the various western and Soviet concepts of physical culture, sport and recreational activities.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T20:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaSilvaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 7724262 bytes, checksum: 1573374713f93bc372abbdeab168c27b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-24T00:12:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaSilvaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 7724262 bytes, checksum: 1573374713f93bc372abbdeab168c27b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T00:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaSilvaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 7724262 bytes, checksum: 1573374713f93bc372abbdeab168c27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A plataforma continental adjacente a cidade de Areia Branca no estado do Rio Grande do Norte possui diferentes formas de fundo marinho, incluindo o vale inciso Apodi-Mossor?. O interesse de caracterizar esta fei??o se deu por ela abrigar as instala??es do terminal salineiro de Areia Branca, mais conhecido como Porto Ilha de Areia Branca, que se constitui hoje no ?nico meio economicamente vi?vel de escoamento de grandes volumes de sal do Estado para as ind?strias qu?micas do pa?s e pelas indica??es que esta ?rea pode fornecer sobre varia??es morfol?gicas, assim como a possibilidade de espalhar e abrigar quantidades de hidrocarbonetos no c?nion submerso em caso de vazamentos acidentais de ?leo devido ao intenso tr?fego de navios de grande porte para o embarque e desembarque de sal na regi?o. De acordo com essa realidade o principal objetivo desta tese foi a detec??o da batimetria submersa do C?nion Apodi-Mossor? utilizando dados ?in situ? e geotecnologias multifontes, incluindo ferramentas do Sensoriamento Remoto para a estima??o de batimetria a partir de imagens de sat?lite Landsat 7 ETM+ (2014) e Landsat 8 OLI (2015). A metodologia utilizada incluiu o uso de cartas n?uticas, dados batim?tricos, interpola??o dos dados por Krigagem e Vizinho Natural e a integra??o de imagens de sat?lite. Estatisticamente houve diferen?as entre os dois m?todos interpoladores usados, a Krigagem revelou uma associa??o linear positiva e superestima??o dos dados de Batimetria in situ com os dados da Carta n?utica, e uma associa??o inversa e subestima??o de dados pelo m?todo Vizinho Natural, por?m ambos apresentaram mapas batim?tricos com bons contornos visuais. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos mapas batim?tricos indicaram que o vale inciso Apodi-Mossor? sofreu uma constante remobiliza??o de sedimentos, evidenciando ?reas com menores profundidades para a navega??o de 2009 para 2010, incluindo a bacia de evolu??o do Porto Ilha e trechos de navega??o principal, necessitando assim de dragagens peri?dicas para evitar a colis?o e encalhe dos navios. A aquisi??o, processamento, integra??o e interpreta??o das imagens de sat?lite correlacionados com os mapas de morfologia de fundo possibilitaram confirmar que o vale inciso Apodi-Mossor? possui uma forma de letra "J", na sa?da ao norte, faz uma inflex?o para Leste, devido um gradiente submerso bastante evidente no mapa. Entre a plataforma m?dia e interna foi poss?vel observar diferentes formas de fundo, incluindo fundo plano, recifes isolados e campo de dunas submersas, sendo formado tamb?m por dois canais, denominados de canal raso e canal profundo, que apresentam caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e sedimentol?gicas distintas. E finalmente, observou-se que o uso de dados para estima??o de batimetria por imagem Landsat tem v?rias vantagens, neste estudo o sensor ETM+ forneceu uma cobertura bidimensional cont?nua melhor que a do sensor OLI, e a aplica??o deste m?todo, de f?cil execu??o, pode ser de grande valia para regi?es onde n?o existem dados batim?tricos ou estes estejam desatualizados, ou mesmo sem a acur?cia das cartas n?uticas, mapas como os gerados neste trabalho s?o de utilidade tanto para o planejamento de estudos e para a modelagem ambiental, quanto para a seguran?a da navega??o de embarca??es de grande porte. / The continental shelf adjacent to the city of Areia Branca in the state of Rio Grande do Norte has different forms of seabed, including the incised valleys of Apodi-Mossor?. The interest to characterize this feature was given by to host the facilities of the salt terminal of Areia Branca, known as Harbor Island of Areia Branca, which today constitutes the only way economically viable for send flow of large volumes of salt for chemical industries of country and indications that this area can provide on morphological variations and as wel as the possibility of spreading and shelter of quantities of hydrocarbons in the submerged canyon in case of accidental oil spills due to traffic of large ships for loading and unloading salt in the area. According to this fact the overall objective of this thesis was the detection of submerged bathymetry of the Canyon Apodi- Mossor? using data "in situ" and geotechnology multi-sources, including remote sensing tools for estimating bathymetry from Landsat satellite images with sensors ETM + (2014) and OLI (2015). The methodology included the use of nautical charts, bathymetric data, data interpolation by kriging and Natural Neighbor and integration of satellite images. Statistically there were differences between the two used interpolation methods, the Kriging revealed a positive linear association and overestimation of data Bathymetric situ with data from the Nautical Chart, and an inverse association and underestimation of data by the Natural Neighbor method, but both showed bathymetric maps with good visual contours. The results obtained from bathymetric maps indicated that the incised valleys Apodi-Mossor? suffered a constant remobilization of sediment, showing areas with shallower depths for the 2009 navigation for 2010, including the evolution basin of the Island Port and main navigation sections, thus requiring periodic dredging to avoid collision and stranding of ships. The acquisition, processing, integration and interpretation of satellite images correlated with the bottom morphology map allowed to confirm that the incised valleys Apodi-Mossor? has a form letter "J" at the exit to the north, and a shift eastwards due a submerged gradient quite evident on the map. Between the middle and inner platform was possible to observe different background shapes including flat bottom, isolated reefs and submerged field of dunes, the results also indicate that the incised valleys are formed by two channels, called shallow channel and deep channel, which have distinct morphological and sedimentological characteristics. And finally, it was observed that the use of data for bathymetry estimation Landsat has several advantages, in this study the ETM + sensor provided a better continuous twodimensional coverage that the OLI sensor, and the application of this method, easy to perform, can be of great value for regions where there are no bathymetric data or they are outdated, or even without the accuracy of nautical charts, maps such as those generated in this study are useful both for planning studies and environmental modeling and as well as for security to the navigation of large ships.

“What is certain is that the question of […] re-making a landscape of prostitution in the city […] needs to be viewed as part of a changing, global discourse on the nature of contemporary cities” (Aalbers & Sabat 2012, p. 114).Prostitution – associated with well-known Red-Light Districts – has for a long time been seen as “a significant urban activity that relates to other economic and social functions of the city [and contributes] […] to the cognitive image of a city held by both residents and non-residents, even those who have never frequented them” (Ashworth, White & Winchester 1988, p. 201). It is therefore no surprise that within the neoliberal framework of inter-city competition, these once notorious districts, commonly associated with crime and violence, ascended into spaces of entertainment and consumption, neatly aligning with entrepreneurial city branding strategies. The Reeperbahn, Hamburg’s famous mile of sin, located within the district of St. Pauli is no exception to this rule. As a place traditionally located outside Hamburg’s social and physical city limits, it is nowadays frequented by thousands of tourists and party seekers, drawn in by the area’s myths and shady reputation (Khan 2012). Actively fostering the (economic) attractiveness of the so-called Kiez has long been part of Hamburg’s city politics and was reinforced with the creation of the Hamburg Brand Marketing Strategy in 2002, where the Entertainment Mile Reeperbahn alongside Hamburg’s Pulsating Scenes became two of the key success modules in branding the city. The repercussion this has had not only for the district and its inhabitants but specifically for the red-light industry has largely been understudied.This Master’s Thesis therefore, aims at studying the general effects of city branding, such as displacement and conflict over spatial uses in the face of Over-Tourism and re-development strategies. Looking at the specific case of the Reeperbahn, it closes the gap of the somewhat understudied effects of gentrification on St. Pauli’s unique culture. By interviewing different local stakeholders, conducting a broad literature review as well as undertaking field work, the Hamburg-St.-Pauli-Brand-Dialectic will be analyzed subsequently, showing, how the Hamburg Brand and the city as a whole have profited from St. Pauli’s reputation and what consequences this has had in turn for the district.