<p>The purpose of this literature study was to describe the experiences of the transition period.Data were collected through databases CINAHL and Medline / Pubmed 19 articles wereincluded in the study. The result was divided into five different items. Given the result thenewly graduated nurses found out that the process of transition was an uncertain timefollowed by faltering confidence. They were totally unprepared for the clinical work and theresponsibility which followed. The pressure and expectations from themselves and colleagueswere big and heavy to carry. Colleagues saw the most recent graduates as unprofessional and"eternal students". Good and constructive support and guidance shows that transition processis easier to handle while an inadequate support could affect the performance of graduates and,at worst, lead them leaving the profession. The great responsibility that the graduates facedwere experienced very stressful especially medical management and patient safety, increasedtheir anxiety and that they found it difficult to transfer their theoretical knowledge intopractice. The results also show the positive experiences of the newly graduates. Manyexperienced the transition process as challenging and evolving, and something that they couldlearn from.</p>

<p>The aim of the study was to investigate nurses’ perception about patients’ participation in medicine treatment and how to make the patient participate. A qualitative method was used and six nurses were interviewed. The nurses’ perceptions of patients’ participation in medicine treatment were characterized especially by patients having good knowledge about their medicines. Therefore, the nurses considered it important to be well-informed about the effect of the medicines. Furthermore, everyone believed that giving information on the basis of the patient’s knowledge-level and answering questions from the patient were important nursing care. The result was considered a less anxiety and more satisfied patient who is compliant to medicine prescription, so that unnecessary hospital admissions could be avoided. However, information is occasionally followed-up. Other measures were to explain and give motivation for treatment. The nurse is available to the patient and notices effects of the treatment that can be drawn to the doctor’s attention. The way to communicate and cooperate with the patient is considered important but dialogue is not common and sometimes the patient’s opinion is not requested. Moreover, it happens that the nurses prove to have a paternalistic attitude. Obstacles that were mentioned were lackof time, dementia, certain diseases and urgent situations. The nurses meant that respect should be shown if patients do not want to participate. Conclusion: The patient participation and influence ought to be strengthening by the nurses’ attitude of the advantage that the patient participates in his own care. Wrong approach by the nurses need to be changed in favour of patients influence. Besides, all leaders at all levels in the healthcare sector, need to be organized in order to facilitate patient participation of the best quality.</p>

Preceptorship is a teaching-learning approach in which learners are individually assigned to expert practitioners in the practice setting. The purpose is to provide them with daily experience on a one-to-one basis with a role model and resource person who is immediately available to them. Currently, the literature is replete with research on various aspects of preceptorship, including the preceptor role, the evaluation process, professional socialization, the promotion of clinical competence, and the fostering of critical thinking in undergraduate and graduate education, to name a few. To date, however, no studies have specifically explored the process involved in promoting the education of nurse practitioner students in preceptorship. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the process used in preceptorship to prepare nurse practitioner students for their future role in professional practice. To that end, the process in which preceptors, nurse practitioner students, and faculty engage was explored. The sample comprised nurse practitioner students, preceptors and faculty from a large university in western Canada. Findings from this study revealed that as students proceeded through the preceptorship program they worked through or navigated what could be described as the liminal space or an in-between place. As a result of the findings of this study, several crucial points have been recognized that have implications for the nurse practitioner student who engages in preceptorship. First, upon acceptance into an advanced practice nursing program it is important for students who are themselves experienced professionals in their own right, to understand the preceptorship process of transition, found in this study to be the liminal space, intrinsic to which are adjustments from the role of nurse, to that of student and finally to that of the nurse practitioner. Second, to adequately prepare students for their transition, faculty need to develop curricula that address the challenges involved with this phenomenon, specifically knowledge related to threshold concepts and troublesome knowledge. Third, support for these students from faculty, preceptors and fellow students was found to directly affect the ability of these learners to successfully navigate their transitional process in preceptorship.

The purpose of this literature study was to describe the experiences of the transition period.Data were collected through databases CINAHL and Medline / Pubmed 19 articles wereincluded in the study. The result was divided into five different items. Given the result thenewly graduated nurses found out that the process of transition was an uncertain timefollowed by faltering confidence. They were totally unprepared for the clinical work and theresponsibility which followed. The pressure and expectations from themselves and colleagueswere big and heavy to carry. Colleagues saw the most recent graduates as unprofessional and"eternal students". Good and constructive support and guidance shows that transition processis easier to handle while an inadequate support could affect the performance of graduates and,at worst, lead them leaving the profession. The great responsibility that the graduates facedwere experienced very stressful especially medical management and patient safety, increasedtheir anxiety and that they found it difficult to transfer their theoretical knowledge intopractice. The results also show the positive experiences of the newly graduates. Manyexperienced the transition process as challenging and evolving, and something that they couldlearn from.

To suffer from aphasia could mean that a most important ability of human nature is lost and could therefore restrict the patient's communication ability. Therefore a higher standard is of importance in the non-verbal communication. Health professionals describe difficulties in understanding this form of communication. This causes disturbance in the interaction and nursing care cannot be adapted to the unique human being. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight and summarize existing research, describing how the various non-verbal communication channels are integrated, in nursing care to patients affected by stroke and aphasia. In the method of this literature review searches were made from the databases Cinahl and Medline. The 12 articles that were included has been quality examined and analyzed according to Friberg (2006). The results describe how the speaking body, support for the unique human being, bodily contact and relationships are important for the understanding of the nonverbal communication. The discussion revolves around how this understanding is formed in the interaction, to be able to see the unique human being and create relationships that provide external support for the human needs here and now. The four categories that are presented in this study may increase the knowledge of the studied phenomena and could also be the ground for further studies in this area.

Att drabbas av afasi kan innebära att en högst mänsklig förmåga går förlorad, vilket kan begränsa patientens kommunikationsmöjligheter. Därmed ställs högre krav på den icke verbala kommunikationen. Vårdpersonal beskriver svårigheter att skapa förståelse i denna form av kommunikation. Till följd av detta blir samspelet lidande och omvårdnaden kan därför inte anpassas till den unika människan. Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att belysa och sammanställa befintlig forskning, som beskriver hur olika icke verbala kommunikationsvägar integreras, i omvårdnaden till patienter som drabbats av stroke med afasi som följd. I metoden genomfördes sökningar i databaserna Cinahl och Medline. De 12 artiklar som inkluderats har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats enligt Friberg (2006). I resultatet beskrivs hur den talande kroppen, stödet till den unika människan, kroppslig beröring och relationen har betydelse för förståelsen i den icke verbala kommunikationen. Diskussionen kretsar kring hur denna förståelse kommer i samspelet, för att se den unika människan och skapa relationen som ger stöd utifrån människans förutsättningar här och nu. De fyra kategorier som framläggs i denna studie kan öka kunskapen inom det fenomen som studerats och lägga grunden för vidare studier på området. / To suffer from aphasia could mean that a most important ability of human nature is lost and could therefore restrict the patient's communication ability. Therefore a higher standard is of importance in the non-verbal communication. Health professionals describe difficulties in understanding this form of communication. This causes disturbance in the interaction and nursing care cannot be adapted to the unique human being. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight and summarize existing research, describing how the various non-verbal communication channels are integrated, in nursing care to patients affected by stroke and aphasia. In the method of this literature review searches were made from the databases Cinahl and Medline. The 12 articles that were included has been quality examined and analyzed according to Friberg (2006). The results describe how the speaking body, support for the unique human being, bodily contact and relationships are important for the understanding of the nonverbal communication. The discussion revolves around how this understanding is formed in the interaction, to be able to see the unique human being and create relationships that provide external support for the human needs here and now. The four categories that are presented in this study may increase the knowledge of the studied phenomena and could also be the ground for further studies in this area.

Uppsatsens syfte var att belysa relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient när sjuksköterskan var stressad. För att fördjupa oss i relationens betydelse har vi använt oss av Joyce Travelbees teori kring mellanmänskligheten. Uppsatsen är gjord som en systematisk litteraturstudie där sex artiklar analyserades. Vårt resultat visade att stress påverkade relationen negativt. Våra fynd visade att förmågan att skapa en relation minskade då både sjuksköterskan och patienten skapade en distans till varandra. Sjuksköterskans stress gjorde att hon ändrade sitt fokus i arbetet, patienten mötte då en uppgiftsorienterad sjuksköterska som inte tillgodosåg patientens emotionella behov i relationen. Både sjuksköterskans och patientens personlighet, i stress, visade sig ha betydelse för hur relationen utvecklades. Författarna ansåg att när relationen sattes åt sidan var det även av stor vikt att patientens åtsidosatta emotionella behov synliggjordes. Sjuksköterskan behövde också få förståelse och stöd för hennes stressiga situation, såsom till exempel utbildning i stresshantering. Vi ansåg att det skulle vara av intresse med fortsatta studier kring strategier för sjuksköterskan att hantera stress.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskans arbete innebär att dagligen möta patienter i olika situationer, ofta  komplicerade  vilket  innebär  många  tankar  och  känsloupplevelser.    För  att  fortsätta utvecklas  som  sjuksköterska  samt  bearbeta  upplevelser  behövs  tid  till  handledning  och reflektion.  Det  finns  flera  olika  handledningsmodeller.  Syfte:  Syftet  med  studien  är  att utifrån  tidigare  forskning  beskriva  sjuksköterskors  upplevelser  av  kollegial  handledning.  Metod:  Litteraturbaserad  studie  med  kvalitativ  inriktning.  Resultat:  Det  framkom  fyra viktiga     huvudkategorier     med     åtta     underkategorier.     Huvudkategorierna     var, handledningsgruppen,  stöd,  reflektion  och  profession.  De  följande  underkategorierna, trygghet  och  motivation,  välbefinnande  och  kollegialt  stöd,  bearbetning  av  känslor, tillfredställelse och bekräftelse, stärkt yrkesidentitet, personlig utveckling samt kvalitet och engagemang.    Diskussion:  Sjuksköterskor  anser  att  handledning  är  viktigt.  Ges  de  inte möjlighet   till   reflektion,   riskerar   känslor   och   upplevelser   att   bli   ett   hinder   i omvårdnadsarbetet.  Det  är  dock  viktigt  att  handledning  utförs  på  rätt  sätt,  för  att  ge sjuksköterskorna  rätt  motivation  att  medverka  i  handledning.  Sjuksköterskorna  når  både personlig   och   professionell   växt   genom   att   utbyta   erfarenheter   mellan   kollegor. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor har behov av  handledning, både i form av reflektion för att undvika att känslor och tankar blir ett hinder samt i sin professionella växt. Detta leder till ökad omvårdnadskvalitet.

The aim of the study was to investigate nurses’ perception about patients’ participation in medicine treatment and how to make the patient participate. A qualitative method was used and six nurses were interviewed. The nurses’ perceptions of patients’ participation in medicine treatment were characterized especially by patients having good knowledge about their medicines. Therefore, the nurses considered it important to be well-informed about the effect of the medicines. Furthermore, everyone believed that giving information on the basis of the patient’s knowledge-level and answering questions from the patient were important nursing care. The result was considered a less anxiety and more satisfied patient who is compliant to medicine prescription, so that unnecessary hospital admissions could be avoided. However, information is occasionally followed-up. Other measures were to explain and give motivation for treatment. The nurse is available to the patient and notices effects of the treatment that can be drawn to the doctor’s attention. The way to communicate and cooperate with the patient is considered important but dialogue is not common and sometimes the patient’s opinion is not requested. Moreover, it happens that the nurses prove to have a paternalistic attitude. Obstacles that were mentioned were lackof time, dementia, certain diseases and urgent situations. The nurses meant that respect should be shown if patients do not want to participate. Conclusion: The patient participation and influence ought to be strengthening by the nurses’ attitude of the advantage that the patient participates in his own care. Wrong approach by the nurses need to be changed in favour of patients influence. Besides, all leaders at all levels in the healthcare sector, need to be organized in order to facilitate patient participation of the best quality.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur personer med HIV upplevde bemötandet inom vården i I-länder. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt. Artikelsökningarna gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Pubmed. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier hittades men författarna har enbart använt sig av de kvalitativa studierna (n=11). Studierna granskades sedan med modifierade granskningsmallar för kvalitetsbedömning. Resultat: De funna studiernas resultat granskades och utifrån detta identifierade författarna fyra teman; Att hållas på avstånd, Att bli annorlunda bemött, Att få en stämpel och Positivt bemötande. Resultatet visade att vårdpersonalen höll avstånd från patienter genom att använda sig av överdrivna hygienrutiner, och i vissa fall förekom det att patienterna blev nekade vård på grund av sin HIV diagnos. Att bli annorlunda bemött handlade i många fall om att patienterna blev utsatta för kränkande behandling. Flera patienter beskrev hur de upplevde att personalen kategoriserade dem och gav dem en stämpel på grund av sin diagnos. De upplevde även att vårdpersonalen offentliggjorde deras diagnos genom att bryta mot sekretessen. Resultatet visade att patienter upplevt positivt bemötande och att vårdpersonalen gett dem stöd. Litteraturöversikten visade också att flera patienter föredrog att söka vård på specialistkliniker. Slutsats: Många patienter kände sig kränkta och annorlunda bemötta i möte med sjukvårdspersonal. De föredrog att söka vård på speciella HIV kliniker eftersom de kände att personalen där hade bättre förståelse för sjukdomen.