In U.S. swine herds, sow removal rates due to death and voluntary and involuntary culling exceed 50% annually. This loss poses an economic problem for producers because the cost of acquiring replacement females is great. Although research has shown that crowding in the nursery has negative impacts on growth, research describing effects of crowding on subsequent reproductive performance and longevity in sows is lacking. This experiment was conducted to determine the impacts of crowding during the nursery phase of production on growth, physiology, and immunology in replacement gilts. Gilts (22.3 ± 3.2 d of age and 5.6 ± 0.6 kg BW) were subjected to floor space allocations of 0.15, 0.19, or 0.27 m2/pig during a 7-wk nursery period. Floor space allocations were achieved by altering the number of pigs per pen (14, 11, and 8 gilts/pen, respectively). As was expected, reduced floor space allowance in the nursery negatively affected growth performance although there was inconclusive physiological and immunological evidence to suggest that pigs were experiencing highly stressful conditions. Although feed intake was not measured, changes in blood counts and blood chemistry for gilts allowed reduced floor space were similar to other studies that reported negative effects of crowding on feed consumption. Further study of the gilts involved in this study will aim to determine if there are any links between the effects of crowding during the nursery and subsequent reproductive performance and longevity in the breeding herd. / Master of Science

The study of frustration has been of interest to various people including psychiatrists, psychologists, and educators for a number of years. These people have been interested in frustration because the complexity of our modern life has involved so many frustrating experiences. Frustration has been defined by Dollard (8, p. 7) as "an interference with the occurrence of an instigated goal response at its proper time." Ruch (21, p. 151) defined frustration as "the denial or thwarting by some obstacle which lies between a need and its goal . " These two definitions are in essence identical. The average person has many obstacles which block or thwart his goals daily. Some of these may be insignificant such as missing a bus, while others may be of utmost importance such as losing a job. Missing a bus may be annoying but it may be corrected by catching a later bus. Losing a job may be a very threatening experience which might affect a person's whole attitude toward life.

The study focused upon three aspects of child-initiated contact comfort situations; how ofter the contact was sought, with whom or why did the child seek comfort, and what incident seemed to stimulate the child's action. Data was collected from two Utah State University Nursery School Laboratories It was found that children respond as children in that similarity is greater than differences in utilization of contact comfort. Contact comfort is an important part of a child's functioning in social situations. The number of episodes to indicate this was substantial. The objects and persons to whom he turns for contact comfort vary within age and nature of the situation in which the child functions.

A study involving the movement of small-sized nursery plant containers was conducted using surface electromyography (EMG) to assess the effect that glove type has on forearm and shoulder muscle activation. A total of 24 participants were asked to move weighted nursery containers simultaneously with both left and right hands (one onegallon, two one-gallon and one three-gallon) from a floor location to a table located twenty feet away while wearing one of four glove treatments (1. No Glove; 2. Thick Leather; 3. Grip Assist Mechanics; 4. Thin Nitrile). Muscle activation was evaluated as a percentage of the participants’ maximum voluntary exertion (MVE). The results show no glove effect difference for the smaller pot configuration. With the larger container treatments, muscle activity was affected by glove treatment, specifically for the left and right flexor and extensor radialis muscles.

The self-sustaining status of Georgian Bay’s trophy muskellunge (Esox masquinongy) fishery is owed in part to the widespread distribution of high quality coastal wetlands used as nursery habitat. The specific wetland features that promote the recruitment of young-of-the-year (YOY) muskellunge in Georgian Bay have not been clearly defined, and without such information, it is unclear to what extent an unprecedented period of sustained low water-levels (c. 1999), and/or shoreline modifications, will continue to degrade the suitability of nursery habitats used by muskellunge throughout Georgian Bay. In this thesis, I use data from two years of intensive sampling in two embayments of northern Georgian Bay to statistically differentiate between wetlands that were found with and without YOY muskellunge. By doing so, I have provided the first quantifiable definition of suitable nursery habitat for muskellunge in Georgian Bay. Muskellunge nurseries have a structurally complex community of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV; e.g. Potamogeton richardsonii) within the water column (≤ 1-m depth) and a fish community that had abundant suitable prey (e.g. Cypinid species) and a scarcity of early-life predators (e.g. Perca flavescens). Some key aspects of the SAV community were governed by wetland's bathymetry, and this relationship makes it possible to model the effect of changing water-level scenarios on habitat suitability. I translated these results into a management tool for fish management agencies by creating an Index of Nursery Habitat Suitability (INHS) that can be applied to other embayments in Georgian Bay to identify high quality early-life habitats for muskellunge. I developed two INHS models and applied them to an independent dataset from other regions of Georgian Bay, and found them to differentiate between sites that were known to be used by YOY muskellunge and those where YOY were absent. These were also able to track deterioration in habitat quality associated with the recent decade of low water levels. Both INHS models rely on variables based on robust ecological relationships known to favour YOY survivorship that can be readily collected by fish management agencies, and one INHS model does not require detailed information of the aquatic plant community. Both models were also designed to minimize the frequency of false negatives (suitable nursery sites misidentified as unsuitable) and false positives (unsuitable nursery sites misidentified as suitable). These INHS models should become an important tool that will complement harvest regulations to promote this economically and ecologically valuable, self-sustaining muskellunge population in Georgian Bay. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / The following Ph.D. describes how a period of sustained low water levels and shoreline modifications in Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, have impacted the coastal wetland habitat used by muskellunge during their early life. To counteract these adverse effects, the thesis provides a definition of the wetland features that promote the survival of young-of-the-year muskellunge in Georgian Bay. Included is a proposed management tool in the form of an Index of Nursery Habitat Suitability (INHS) for muskellunge that can be used to identify high-quality, early-life habitat of muskellunge. Furthermore, the INHS can be used to predict how the quality of this habitat responds to different water-level scenarios and to shoreline modification in Georgian Bay, and to guide rehabilitative efforts of degraded wetland habitat.

No description available.

The problem of this study is to show the calcium, phosphorus, and protein content of nursery school lunches. Many studies have been made of the calcium and protein requirements of preschool children. Fewer studies have been made of the phosphorus requirements of normal preschool children.

6 pp. / Originally published: 2006 / This publication is an introduction for individuals interested in starting their own business specializing in wholesale nursery production. The bulletin provides an overview of different types of nursery production, common production types in the Southwestern United States, starting the business, economic considerations, and a resource section.

The purpose of this study is to attempt to discover any observable differences in social behavior between elementary school pupils who have attended nursery school and those who have had no nursery school experience.

Palyginti išauginamų sėjinukų ir sodinukų aukščio nuokrypį, lyginant su standartu; įvertinti želdinių augimą priklausomai nuo taikomų technologijų; išanalizuoti lapuočių medžių dauginimo patirtį Vainagių medelyne. / To compare the growth of different kinds of plants for sowing and planting; to evaluate plants growth depending on the technology; to analyze the experience of hardwood trees propagation in Vainagių nursery.