Orientador: Haquira Osakabe / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudo da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T07:15:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rangel_EgondeOliveira_M.pdf: 19956697 bytes, checksum: e0cb84285dc69428611f43c9768064d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Esta dissertação revisita um lema a esta altura já bastante explorado: as relações entre discurso e sexualidade, os caminhos pelos quais o verbo se faz carne. A questão é abordada, entretanto, nos estreitos limites de uma 'análise de caso'. O centro do interesse -- e portanto da discussão -- é uma experiência pessoal de leitura, que procuro descrever com os instrumenlos da análise linguística de discursos. Dois materiais constituem o corpus: um diário , 'intimo' , de caráter literário (o Diário completo, de Lúcio Cardoso), e um manual de sexologia (Tudo que você queria saber sobre sexo; mas tinha medo de perguntar, do Dr. David Reuben). No primeiro caso, o que procuro descrever e explicar é o 'efeito sedutor' obtido pela obra; no segundo caso, o interesse é o 'efeito enformador' desse discurso em relação ao destinatário. Os capitulos 3 e 4, da Segunda Parle, constituem exatamente uma análise desses efeitos de sentido e dos mecanismos e funcionamentos discursivos capazes de explicá-los. Os capitulos 1 e 2, da Primeira Parte, apresentam as questões teóricas e metodológicas envolvidas na empreitada analitica ; mais especificamente, discutem, nos termos da Análise do Discurso, tanto as implicações teóricas dos problemas levantados pelo tipo de corpus quanto a legitimidade das soluções propostas. A Conclusão (na verdade uma coda) relaciona os resultados a uma discussão mais geral sobre sexualidade e discurso / Abstract: Not informed. / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística

Le fonctionnement des organismes vivants requiert la production deforces à grande échelle, pour des processus biologiques aussi diversque la motilité cellulaire, le développement embryonnaire, lacicatrisation ou encore la contraction musculaire. Dans de telssystèmes, les forces générées à l'échelle moléculaire par des moteursprotéiques sont transmises par des réseaux de fibres désordonnés,menant à des tensions actives à grande échelle. Les propriétésmacroscopiques passives de ces réseaux de fibres sont biencaractérisées. En revanche, ce problème de production de stress pardes unités actives microscopiques n'est pas résolu. Cette Thèseprésente une étude approfondie, par des méthodes théoriques etnumériques, de la transmission de forces dans les réseaux élastiquesde biopolymères. Je montre que la réponse linéaire, à faible force,des réseaux est remarquablement simple : elle est déterminée par laseule la géométrie des unités actives exerçant les forces. Aucontraire, lorsque les forces actives sont suffisamment importantespour provoquer le flambage non-linéaire des fibres, ces forces sontrectifiées par le réseau, et deviennent isotropiquementcontractiles. La contraction émergente qui en résulte est amplifiéepar la transmission de forces non-linéaire à travers le réseau. Cetteamplification du stress macroscopique est renforcée par le caractèredésordonnée du réseau, mais sature lorsque la densité d'unités activesest grande. Nos prédictions sont en accord quantitatifs avec desrésultats expérimentaux sur des tissus reconstitués et des réseauxd'actomyosine in vitro, et apportent un éclairage nouveau surl'influence de l'architecture microscopique des réseaux sur structuredes stress à l'échelle de la cellule et du tissu. / Large-scale force generation is essential for biological functionssuch as cell motility, embryonic development, wound healing and musclecontraction. In these processes, forces generated at the molecularlevel by motor proteins are transmitted by disordered fiber networks,resulting in large-scale active stresses. While fiber networks arewell characterized macroscopically, this stress generation bymicroscopic active units is not well understood. In this Thesis, Ipresent a comprehensive theoretical and numerical study of forcetransmission in elastic fiber networks. I show that the linear,small-force response of the networks is remarkably simple, as themacroscopic active stress depends only on the geometry of theforce-exerting unit. In contrast, as non-linear buckling occurs aroundthese units, local active forces are rectified towards isotropiccontraction, making the local geometry of force exertion irrelevant.This emergent contractility is amplified by non-linear forcetransmission through the network. This stress amplification isreinforced by the networks' disordered nature, but saturates for highdensities of active units. Our predictions are quantitativelyconsistent with experiments on reconstituted tissues and actomyosinnetworks, and that they shed light on the role of the networkmicrostructure in shaping active stresses in cells and tissue.

Orientador: Priscila Lupino Gratão / Coorientador: Renato de Mello Prado / Banca: Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves / Banca: Alexson Filgueiras Dutra / Abstract: Field peas are widely cultivated throughout the world as a cool season grain and forage crop. By the other way, boron (B) toxicity is caused by high B concentration in soil or irrigation water, and is particularly problematic in medium or heavier textured soil types with moderate alkalinity and low annual rainfall. Previous studies have indicated that B toxicity increases the oxidative stress in plants, and B tolerance has been considered as an important target in field pea plant breeding programmes. In the search for low cost technologies as alternatives to plant breeding, inducers of tolerance may be a promising alternative. Little or none research has been conducted on the combined use of silicon (Si) and salicylic acid (SA) to remediate B toxicity on field peas. The present study revealed the effects of Si+SA on field pea plants physiological and biochemical responses under B toxicity (15 mg B L-1). A semi-hydroponic experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (2 x 5): two field pea cultivars and five treatments which were formed by combining and not Si and SA under B toxicity plus the control plants (control, B, B+Si, B+SA, and B+Si+SA). Si (2 mmol L-1) was applied to plants in two forms (root and leaf), while for SA (36 µmol L-1) only foliar applications were performed. Our results demonstrate that the combined use of exogenous Si+SA in field peas increased tolerance to B toxicity through an intensified antioxidant plant defense s... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumo: A ervilha forrageira é uma das principais leguminosas de inverno para a rotação de culturas, sendo utilizada para a produção de grãos ou como planta de cobertura. A toxicidade por boro (B), é particularmente problemática em solos de textura média ou mais pesada com alcalinidade moderada e baixa precipitação anual. Diversos estudos indicam que a toxicidade por B aumenta o estresse oxidativo em plantas, e a tolerância ao excesso de B tem sido considerada como um alvo importante em programas de melhoramento de ervilha forrageira. Na busca por tecnologias de baixo custo como alternativas ao melhoramento genético, indutores de tolerância podem ser uma alternativa promissora. Pouca ou nenhuma pesquisa tem sido feita sobre o uso combinado de silício (Si) e ácido salicílico (AS) para remediar a toxicidade por B em ervilhas. O presente estudo revelou os efeitos da combinação de Si+AS sobre as respostas fisiológicas e bioquímicas de plantas de ervilha forrageira submetidas à toxicidade por B (15 mg B L-1). Um experimento semi-hidropônico foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (2 x 5): duas cultivares de ervilha forrageira e cinco tratamentos que foram formados pela combinação ou não de Si e AS sob a toxicidade por B, além de plantas controle (controle, B, B+Si, B+AS e B+Si+AS). O Si (2 mmol L-1) foi aplicado às plantas em duas formas (radicular e foliar), enquanto que o AS (36 µmol L-1) foi aplicado apenas via foliar. Nossos resultados demonstram qu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

This thesis aims to reconstruct the history, building phases, original appearance and role in mediaeval Rome of the church of S. Maria in Aracoeli, from its origins to c. 1400. The introduction describes the topographical setting of the church and traces its historiography . The first chapter investigates previous churches, their documentary sources, archaeological evidence and surviving components of church furniture. Patronage, date and original appearance of the so-called ‘ara coeli’, the extant main altar of the former church, are discussed. The second chapter concerns the present church, constructed by the Franciscans after their arrival on the hill in the mid-thirteenth century. The first section covers the building history from a documentary point of view, while the second provides a formal analysis, dedicating a subsection to each surviving part (nave and aisles, transept and adjacent chapel, facade). Archaeological research, together with graphic, epigraphic, literary and documentary sources, establishes the transformations of the building as well as the original plan and elevation of its lost parts (apse and eastern chapels). The third section critically reconsiders the lost decoration of the original apse, its iconography and the reasons for its success. The fourth section focuses on the workshop: analysis of the building technique is combined with the information on the architect gathered from his surviving sepulchral epitaph; the use of spolia and the adoption of gothic window-tracery are also discussed. The final chapter places Aracoeli in its context: the first section examines the civic role of the church as a setting for communal assemblies and a privileged site for judgement, the second considers its role as a favourite site for burial chapels of important Roman families. This thesis clarifies the history and appearance of the Christian site before the Franciscans, and provides a reconstruction of the building stages and original aspect of the present church (as well as of the function of some annexed structures) which differs radically from previous hypotheses, thus situating Aracoeli in a different architectural and cultural framework.

The research concerns the potential for using the native plants of the Negev Desert in southern Israel in the Negev, which will help to promote more sustainable landscape development in the region. The study combines the data collection in the field of 163 plant species located in the Negev desert and the literature review of these species. The plants’ key physical, visual and aesthetic characteristics as well as their natural growing conditions are analysed. The analysis leads to an evaluation of the Negev plants in terms of suitability for particular uses in the Negev landscape. The conclusion reached is that the main reason for the non-use of the native plants is that they are still considered a part of the hostile desert environment. They have not as yet been ‘culturalised’. The advantages/disadvantages of using the native plant species is considered for each plant using a natural/quasi-experimental method, where each of the 163 species located by the author is analysed in terms of its physical and aesthetic characteristic and potential use. Furthermore, the individual species are matched with an exotic species and evaluated according to their potential landscape and ecological effects, water use and their potentials for environmental use in natural areas, the middle landscape and garden locations. The analysis and evaluation of the native Negev species confirms that 95%-96% of the native Negev plants have the potential for environmental use in natural areas and the middle landscape and 69% have the potential for garden use. A scientific study of the shade characteristics of 6 native Negev trees confirms that these trees provide an equal, if not better shade, compared to two control species and thus their potential for use in creating shade and altering micro-climate has been proven. The research also proposes a series of micro-landscape solutions, which will help to promote plant establishment and growth in the Negev as well as other desert environments. These proposals are seen as part of the agenda for establishing more sustainable landscape development in the Negev.

By 1360 the Perpendicular style was established as the successor to Decorated architecture. During the subsequent one hundred and eighty years, until the Reformation, major building work was carried out at four great churches in the south west of England. The complete reconstructions of St Mary Redcliffe, Sherborne Abbey and Bath Abbey, and considerable work to the precinct at Wells Cathedral during this period, form the basis for this thesis. Through a study of each of these major centres, the issues of workshop identity and stylistic trendsetters are considered. It is shown how the interpretation of documentary evidence has impeded an understanding of these buildings, which can be revealed by an analysis of the fabric. Based primarily on a methodology of buildings archaeology and assessment of moulding profiles, traditional assumptions concerning the chronology and patronage are challenged. The new chronology for works at Sherborne Abbey, and the redating of the commencement of Bath Abbey further our understanding of the nature of masons' workshops, patronage and stylistic development within a regional context. Introspection in masons' workshops during the 15th century, and retrospection in later design in the region, demonstrates a reliance on the innovations of the 14th century, and the significance of the parish church tradition in the region, respectively. The thesis concludes with a discussion on the influence of major church workshops on domestic architecture, and the impact of the dissemination of the lodges in the early 16th century.

The sociological issue addressed in this thesis is the assessment of recent work carried out in relation to questions of architectural and urban transitions. Glasgow’s City of Architecture and Design festival is used as a test case to illustrate and apply the emerging concerns with the role of architecture and design culture in managing and driving urban change. It confirms the current applicability of some distinct theoretical positions drawn from studies of a range of cities. It suggests sociologists ought to be paying more attention to Glasgow as it exemplifies some main tendencies identifying it as a vanguard culture city developing a three dimensional culture of urban space. Writing with a theoretical and empirical focus on the experience of the ‘city of culture’, the thesis works through principal themes to clarify the range of factors driving change in the city of Glasgow. I compare the city’s international exhibitions and modern architectural character to illustrate how centralised and flamboyant observations at festival sites, and a study of some exemplary productions of the festival in relation to the ongoing transformations of urban experience in the central city. The thesis provides a sustained sociological portrait of the city’s architectural and design culture and points to specific questions concerned with the nature of the recolonisation of the valorised central city.

Influenza infection remains constant threat to human health and results in huge financial loss every year. Rapid and accurate detection of influenza can help governments and health organizations monitor influenza activity and take measurements when necessary. In addition, influenza detection in a timingly manner can help doctors make diagnosis and provide effective treatment. On the other hand, novel inhibitors of influenza virus are in high demand because circulating strains have started to develop resistance to currently available anti-viral drugs. Influenza virus has two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), which play important roles in the influenza infection. The binding of HA to sialic acid-containing carbohydrates on cell surface initiates virus internalization, while cleavage of terminal sialic acid by NA facilitates viral particle release. In this dissertation, we focus on the development of glycan microarray that is comprised of a panel of NA resistant sialosides, and demonstrate the application of microarray to capture influenza virus at ambient temperature without the addition of NA inhibitors. We also describe a novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of influenza virus. In addition, we have developed a new class of bivalent NA inhibitors that show promising inhibitory activities against influenza viruses.

Space is not something just out there. It is a human construct, to which architecture can give lasting form. Taking this as a premise, this thesis has investigated the castellated architecture of Scotland, not as a military fortress or an expression of architectural genius, but as a structure where people lived and which influenced how they lived. In achieving this aim, certain techniques of spatial analysis have been used, access analysis and planning diagrams, alongside a more experiential approach to the castle. The combination of these techniques has helped in providing an engagement with the material culture, which would not have been possible singularly. This engagement has been made all the richer for the extensive use of documentary sources to provide a context for the multitude of spatial relations which took place in and around the castle. The castles which form the case-studies are Dirleton (East Lothian), Bothwell (Lanarkshire), Tulliallan (Fife), Morton (Dumfriesshire) and Elphinstone (East Lothian). The selection thus encompasses curtain wall castles, hall houses and tower houses. The analysis has brought about a greater understanding of the individual case-studies. However, the conclusion reached about the nature of space within the castle has been widened out by relating the findings to other castles. Most interestingly, the analysis has suggested what one could call the 'privatisation of space' in late sixteenth century Scotland. This change in material culture coincided with dramatic religious, political and social changes.

This thesis presents a study of the use made of tympana in English Romanesque portals and the evidence they offer for religious, social and cultural expression in village churches where the vast majority of examples are preserved. In order to achieve this a significant proportion of the analysis has been addressed to the manner in which people may have interpreted what they saw. For the convenience of the reader basic descriptions of all examples noted during the course of the research and details of manorial and patronal circumstances are given as the Handlist in Volume 2. The first two chapters establish the parameters of the research, outline the social and religious environment during the period, and the art historical principles underpinning the research. Chapter III examines the distribution of examples in geographical terms and the use made of tympana in different categories of building. In chapter IV the structural and compositional formulation of tympana is analysed and the use made of geometric ornament. Chapter V assesses images of Christ and the relationship between these and the representation of power. Chapter VI examines other human figural iconography through the categories of figure-types depicted. The subject of chapter VII is the use of compositional types as a means to assess the use made of beast imagery. The thesis demonstrates for the first time in a systematic and quantified manner that tympana are a significant feature of English Romanesque portals and that a strong decorative character is shared by all tympana, thus contributing to the adornment of the house of God in a befitting manner. It argues that the iconography was composed so as to ensure the utility of the images as a focus for devotion for a wide variety of audiences and as a means of expressing social values, particularly through the relationship between the figures depicted and the representation of temporal power. The thesis also confirms that the religion presented by examples with figural sculpture is centred on the authority of God and the saints and on iconic symbols, rather than exemplars for emulation, reflecting the conservative nature of devotion in local communities. The thesis therefore raises important issues in relation to our understanding of portals as architectural features, the expression of religious devotion and social values in local communities during the period, and the use of portals in the practice of religious devotion.