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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Efeito neuroprotetor do exercício físico em ratas adultas ovariectomizadas

Ben, Juliana January 2010 (has links)
Considerando que a deficiência hormonal causada pela ovariectomia promove alterações nas atividades das enzimas Na+,K+-ATPase, acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e ectonucleotidases e pode prejudicar a memória em ratas, no presente trabalho nós investigamos a influência do exercício físico sobre a ativação da Na+,K+-ATPase e acetilcolinesterase em hipocampo e córtex cerebral causada pela ovariectomia em ratas adultas, bem como sobre a hidrólise de nucleotídeos de adenosina no córtex cerebral e no soro. Também investigamos o efeito do exercício sobre a memória espacial e aversiva em ratas adultas ovariectomizadas. Ratas Wistar adultas foram divididas em quatro grupos: sham (submetidas à cirurgia sem a remoção dos ovários), exercício, ovariectomizadas (Ovx) e Ovx+exercício. Trinta dias após a cirurgia, os animais foram submetidos a um mês de exercício físico por 20 min, três vezes por semana. Logo após, as ratas foram decapitados, o soro coletado e o hipocampo e córtex cerebral dissecados, ou foram submetidas às tarefas de esquiva inibitória e labirinto aquático de Morris. Os dados demonstraram que o exercício físico reverte a ativação das atividades da Na+,K+-ATPase e AChE em hipocampo e córtex cerebral de ratas ovariectomizadas. A ovariectomia diminuiu a hidrólise de AMP no córtex cerebral e não alterou a hidrólise de nucleotídeos de adenosina sérica. Exercício per se diminuiu a hidrólise de ADP e AMP em córtex cerebral. Resultados também mostraram que ratas ovariectomizadas apresentaram prejuízo na memória aversiva e espacial (memória de referência e de trabalho), quando comparadas ao grupo controle (sham). Confirmando nossa hipótese, o déficit na memória foi revertido pelo exercício físico. Nossos achados mostram que a ovariectomia prejudica significativamente a memória/aprendizado aversiva e espacial e altera as enzimas Na+,K+-ATPase e AChE, e que o exercício físico preveniu tais efeitos. Esses dados sugerem que o exercício físico pode se mostrar uma estratégia importante para minimizar déficits cognitivos encontrados em mulheres pósmenopáusicas. / Hormone deficiency following ovariectomy causes activation of Na+,K+- ATPase and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), that has been related to cognitive deficits in experimental animals, and memory impairment. Considering that physical exercise presents neuroprotector effects, we decide to investigate whether exercise training would affect enzyme activation in hippocampus and cerebral cortex, as well as adenosine nucleotide hydrolysis in synaptosomes from cerebral cortex of ovariectomized rats, and ovariectomy-induced memory deficits in inhibitory avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Female adult Wistar rats were assigned to one of the following groups: sham (submitted to surgery without removal of the ovaries), exercise, ovariectomized (Ovx) and Ovx plus exercise. Thirty days after surgery, animals were submitted to one month of exercise training for 20 min, three times per week. After, rats were euthanized, blood serum was collected and hippocampus and cerebral cortex were dissected, or rats were tested in inhibitory avoidance and Morris water maze tasks. Data demonstrated that exercise reversed the activation of Na+,K+-ATPase and AChE activities both in hippocampus and cerebral cortex of ovariectomized rats. Ovariectomy decreased AMP hydrolysis in cerebral cortex and did not alter adenosine nucleotides hydrolysis in blood serum. Exercise per se decreased ADP and AMP hydrolysis in cerebral cortex. On the other hand, AMP hydrolysis in blood serum was increased by exercise in ovariectomized adult rats. Results also show that ovariectomized rats presented impairment in aversive memory and spatial navigation, both in reference and working memory protocols, when compared to sham group (control). Confirming our hypothesis, ovariectomized rats submitted to exercise had those impairments prevented. We conclude that ovariectomy significantly impairs aversive and spatial reference learning/memory and related enzymes, and that physical exercise prevents such effects. These findings support that physical exercise might constitute an important strategy to minimize cognitive deficits found in postmenopausal women.
22

Metionina altera parâmetros bioquímicos e comportamentais em ratos : estudos in vitro e in vivo

Stefanello, Francieli Moro January 2008 (has links)
A hipermetioninemia ocorre em muitas doenças metabólicas, dentre elas, na deficiência da enzima metionina adenosiltransferase e na homocistinúria. Pacientes afetados por essas doenças podem apresentar alterações neurológicas e hepáticas; entretanto, os mecanismos responsáveis por essas manifestações não estão totalmente elucidados. No presente trabalho inicialmente avaliamos o efeito in vitro da metionina sobre a atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase e sobre alguns parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em hipocampo de ratos. Resultados mostraram que a pré-incubação de homogeneizados de hipocampo com metionina diminuiu a atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase e que antioxidantes (glutationa e trolox) preveniram esse efeito. Verificou-se também que a metionina diminuiu o potencial antioxidante total não enzimático (TRAP), aumentou a lipoperoxidação (medida pela quantidade de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico – TBARS e pela quimiluminescência) e não alterou a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GSH-Px) e superóxido dismutase (SOD). A seguir, desenvolvemos um modelo químico experimental de hipermetioninemia em ratos, a fim de estudar e melhor compreender os mecanismos fisiopatológicos dessa doença. Utilizando esse modelo, verificamos diversos parâmetros bioquímicos cerebrais, como a atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase e da acetilcolinesterase, alguns parâmetros de estresse oxidativo, o conteúdo lipídico total, bem como o aprendizado e a memória em ratos submetidos à tarefa do labirinto aquático de Morris. Também avaliamos parâmetros de estresse oxidativo em fígado de ratos hipermetioninêmicos. O modelo crônico de hipermetioninemia foi realizado do 6o ao 28o dia de vida e as doses de metionina administradas variaram de 1,34 a 2,68 mmol/g de peso corporal. Os ratos controles receberam solução salina no mesmo volume. As concentrações plasmáticas obtidas foram de 2 mmol/L, similares àquelas encontradas no plasma de pacientes hipermetioninêmicos. Os níveis cerebrais de metionina foram de aproximadamente 1 mmol/g de tecido. No tratamento agudo, ratos de 29 dias receberam uma injeção de metionina, na dose VIII de 2,68 mmol/g de peso corporal. Os resultados mostraram que a hipermetioninemia aguda e crônica aumentou o TBARS e reduziu a Na+,K+- ATPase em cérebro de ratos. A hipermetioninemia crônica reduziu o conteúdo total de gangliosídios, fosfolipídios e colesterol, e não alterou a CAT e o conteúdo tiólico total em cérebro de ratos. Também observamos que a administração crônica de metionina provocou um déficit na memória de trabalho e um aumento na atividade da acetilcolinesterase cerebral. Por outro lado, a administração aguda de metionina não alterou a atividade dessa enzima em cérebro de ratos. Por fim, demonstramos que a hipermetioninemia crônica aumentou a quimiluminescência, o conteúdo de carbonilas e a atividade da GSH-Px, e diminuiu o TRAP e a atividade da CAT em fígados de ratos. Em contraste, não houve alteração nos níveis de TBARS, TAR, conteúdo tiólico total e na atividade da SOD em fígado de ratos. Nossos achados, em conjunto, poderão auxiliar na compreensão das alterações neurológicas e hepáticas observadas em pacientes hipermetioninêmicos. / Hypermethioninemia is the biochemical hallmark of many metabolic disorders, such as methionine adenosyltransferase activity deficiency and homocystinuria. Affected patients can present neurological and hepatic alterations, whose underlying mechanisms are not yet fully established. In the present work, we evaluated the in vitro effect of methionine on Na+,K+-ATPase activity and some parameters of oxidative stress in hippocampus of rats. Results showed that incubation of homogenates of hippocampus with methionine diminished Na+,K+- ATPase activity and that simultaneous incubation with some antioxidants, such as glutathione and trolox prevented this effect. We also demonstrated that methionine decreased total radical antioxidant potential (TRAP), increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) e chemiluminescence (both are markers of lipid peroxidation), but did not alter the activities of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in hippocampus of rats. Afterwards, considering that animal models are useful to better understand the physiopathology of human diseases, we developed a chemically induced experimental model of hypermethioninemia in rats. By using this model, we verified many biochemical parameters, as Na+,K+-ATPase and acetylcholinesterase activities, some oxidative stress parameters, total lipid content, as well as learning and memory in rats on Morris water maze task. We also determined the effect chronic hypermethioninemia on some parameters of oxidative stress in liver of rats. Chronic hypermethioninemia was performed from the 6th to the 28th day of life and methionine doses administered (1.34–2.68 mmol/g of body weight) were chosen in order to induce plasma levels similar to those described in hypermethioninemic patients (around to 2 mmol/L). By this treatment, we also produced high levels of methionine (approximately 1 mmol/g wet tissue) in brain of rats. Control rats received saline in the same volumes. In acute treatment, 29-day-old rats received one single injection of methionine (2.68 mmol/g of body weight). Results showed that acute and chronic administration of methionine X enhanced TBARS levels and decreased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in brain of rats. Chronic hypermethioninemia reduced total content of gangliosides, phospholipids and cholesterol, but did not change CAT activity and total thiol content brain of rats. We also observed that methionine-treated rats presented impaired performance on working memory task and an increase in brain acetylcholinesterase activity. On the other hand, acute administration did not alter this enzyme activity. Finally, we demonstrated that chronic hypermethioninemia increased chemiluminescence, protein carbonyl content and GSH-Px activity, and decreased TRAP and CAT activity in liver of rats. In contrast, TBARS, TAR, total thiol content and SOD activity were not affected by methionine administration in liver of rats. Altogether, our findings may be helpful in the understanding of the neurological and hepatic alterations observed in hypermethioninemic patients.
23

Estudos bioquímicos em modelo experimental de deficiência de sulfito oxidase

Chiarani, Fabria January 2008 (has links)
A deficiência de sulfito oxidase é uma doença autossômica recessiva que afeta o metabolismo da metionina e cisteína. Os indivíduos afetados comumente apresentam, no período neonatal, convulsões refratárias, retardo mental e desordens do movimento cuja fisiopatologia é desconhecida. Os distúrbios no desenvolvimento e o dano cerebral podem ocorrer como resultado do acúmulo tecidual de sulfito no cérebro. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar os efeitos in vitro e in vivo do sulfito sobre alguns parâmetros de estresse oxidativo (avaliação de lipoperoxidação e capacidade antioxidante tecidual) e sobre a atividade da Na+, K+-ATPase em córtex cerebral, estriado e hipocampo de ratos. Primeiramente, verificamos o efeito in vitro do sulfito sobre o estresse oxidativo e a Na+, K+-ATPase em cérebro de ratos de 10 e 60 dias. Posteriormente, nos estudos in vivo, investigamos o efeito da administração intracerebroventricular de sulfito sobre os parâmetros estudados in vitro. Os estudos in vitro demonstraram uma ação direta do sulfito (500μM) na indução de estresse oxidativo verificada pela redução na atividade da catalase e aumento da peroxidação lipídica, enquanto que nos estudos in vivo o sulfito não alterou a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, TRAP ou TBARS. Tanto nos estudos in vitro como in vivo, o sulfito mostrou-se incapaz de alterar a atividade da Na+,K+-ATPase. Nossos resultados, em conjunto, não excluem o potencial efeito neurotóxico do sulfito na fisiopatologia da doença. O conhecimento dos níveis deste composto no cérebro pode evidenciar além da condição de estresse oxidativo, o comprometimento de outras vias metabólicas importantes no funcionamento cerebral e podem apontar estratégias terapêuticas na prevenção dos efeitos neurológicos da deficiência de sulfito oxidase. / The sulfite oxidase deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting the metabolism of methionine and cysteine. Affected individuals commonly present in the neonatal period intractable seizures, mental retardation and movement disorder which the physiopathology is unknown. The disturbed development and damage to the brain might occur as a result of tissue accumulation of sulfite in the cerebro. The objectives of this study was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo effects of sulfite on some parameters of oxidative stress (lipoperoxidation and antioxidant capacity) and on Na+, K+-ATPase activity in cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus from rats. Firstly, we verified the in vitro effects of sulfite on oxidative stress and Na+, K+- ATPase in brains from 10 and 60 days old rats. In the subsequent events, in the in vitro studies, we investigated the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of sulfite on the same parameters studied in vitro. The in vitro studies showed a direct action of sulfite (500 μM) in the induction of oxidative stress through the decrease of catalase activity and increase of peroxidation lipid, while the in vivo studies didn’t alter the antioxidants enzyme activity, TRAP or TBARS. Both in vitro and in vivo studies, showed that sulfite was incapable to disturb the Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Our results, together, don’t exclude the potencial neurotoxic effect of sulfite in the physiopathology of disease. The kwonledge of levels from this compound in the brain can show over there the oxidative stress, the compromise of others metabolic patways important to the brain function and can to lead to strategies therapeutics in the prevention of neurologic effects on sulfite oxidase deficiency.
24

Effect of Cisplatin on Hair Cell Morphology and Lateral Wall Na, K-ATPase Activity

Barron, Sarah E., Daigneault, Ernest A. 01 January 1987 (has links)
The dose-response ototoxic effects of cisplatin were studied in guinea pigs. Loss of Preyer reflex and suppression of the N1 amplitude occurred in cisplatin-treated animals and was described as dose-related. Drug-induced hair cell damage, as observed with scanning electron microscopy, occurred sporadically throughout the turns of the cochlea and the incidence increased with dose. Na, K-ATPase activity in the lateral wall tissues was not significantly different between treatment groups. The results reported here indicate that cisplatin ototoxicity was dose-dependent, but was not directly related to Na,K-ATPase activity in the lateral wall.
25

A Novel Use of Digoxin Immune Fab Fragment in Identification and Isolation of an Endogenous Digitalis-like Factor Found in Preeclampsia

Hopoate-Sitake, Moana Lee 10 March 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The mechanisms mediating the hypertension of preeclampsia (PE) are unclear. Endogenous digitalis-like factors (EDLFs) are specific sodium pump (SP) inhibitors implicated in essential and experimental hypertension, but they have not been fully explored in the setting of PE. This study uses a digoxin antibody Fab fragment to address the question of whether such factors are present and increased in PE, to investigate a possible treatment of PE, and to isolate and characterize all EDLFs present in PE. Sera and placenta from women with PE did show a significant increase in SP inhibition in comparison to women with normal pregnancy and Digibind® was found to bind EDLFs and essentially block or reverse SP inhibition. Sera were collected in a Phase II, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study in which women with severe preeclampsia were dosed with Digibind®, as a therapeutic, and the SP activity measured. Sera and placenta from women with PE was also investigated for their inhibitory effects on the SP. Known candidates for EDLFs were investigated for their SP inhibitory effects, as well as how digitalis antibody immune Fab fragments, Digibind® and DigiFab™, bound them and affected the SP activity. Digibind® is also a sufficient affinity material used to isolate and purify PE EDLFs. Additionally, the placentas of preeclamptic women have high levels of similar EDLFs. These studies provide evidence for the existence of EDLFs that circulate in women with PE, and Digibind® is an effective and novel tool to bind, isolate and purify EDLFs in PE.
26

Identification of the Na/K-ATPase Interacting Proteins

Jing, Yonghua 06 February 2006 (has links)
No description available.
27

Na/K ATPase: Signaling Versus Pumping

Liang, Man January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
28

Na/K-ATPase, A Signaling Receptor

Tian, Jiang 14 April 2007 (has links)
No description available.
29

The N-terminus of a1 Subunit and Na/K-ATPase-Mediated Signal Transduction

Chen, Yi Liang January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
30

Regulation of Src by ¿¿¿¿1 Na/K-ATPase

Ye, Qiqi 05 September 2012 (has links)
No description available.

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