This thesis is focused on the educational measures imposed on children and juveniles with behavioral disorders. The theoretical part summarizes knowledge of social norms in society, psychosocial child development and behavioral disorders. There are also presented the possibilities of the social pedagogical work with children and juveniles with behavioral disorders and the educational measures imposed on children and juveniles with behavioral disorders. The practical part is based on qualitative research. The research is focused on the evaluation of the educational measures effects on concrete juveniles. Keywords child, juvenile, education, behavioral disorder, educational measure, curator for children and youth, institutional education, protective rehabilitation, education supervision

Supervision over public tenders This diploma thesis focuses on explanation and evaluation of the activity of the Office for the Protection of Competition as the authority entitled to assess complience with the Act no. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Contracts, during the process of public procurement. The thesis evaluates quality of legislative regulation on the supervision over public tenders and atempts to define problematic aspects of the matter and tries to suggest their solution. After an introductory part the thesis is devided into three main chapters. The goal of the first chapter is to provide necessary outline of terminology used by the Act no. 137/2006 Coll., on Public Contracts, including the key term of supervision over public tenders and the outline of the basic principles which the whole system of public procurement proceedings stands on. The first chapter also considerates important aspects of previous and current legislation. In chapter two I deal with the functioning of supervising activity over public tenders. It was necessary to outline general concepts of supervision including their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, this chapter focuses on outlining the scope of activities by which the Office for the Protection of Competition provided and which have been significantly...

The thesis deals with arithmetics of elliptic curves over finite fields and methods to improve those calculations. In the first part, algebraic geometry helps to define elliptic curves and derive their basic properties including the group law. The second chapter seeks ways to speed up these calculations by means of time-memory tradeoff, i.e. adding redundancy. At last, the third part introduces a wholly new curve form, which is particularly effective for such purposes.

The Master's Thesis deals with the problem of the development of cycling on Elbe Cycling Path. The theoretical part is explaining the basic temrs of cyling, functioning of financing and managing of cycling in the CR and finally The Elbe Cycling Path his introduced from the perspective of history and future developement. The practical part is focusing on particular section of the trail between Litoměřice and Ústí nad Labem. This section of cycling path is analyzed and it is also subject of individual survey. Eventually author proposes some measures to solve problems of Elbe Cycling Path, that could contribute to the developement of cycling on Elbe Cycling Path.

O 1,3-propanodiol é um composto produzido a partir da fermentação do glicerol por bactérias como a do gênero Klebsiella e que pode ser utilizado para diversas aplicações na indústria, como a produção de PTT (politrimetileno tereftalato). Esse trabalho focou na produção de 1,3-propanodiol utilizando os genes que codificam as enzimas da via retirados de uma cepa de Klebsiella previamente isolada (GLC29). Os genes foram inseridos em um plasmídeo e este em cepa hospedeira de Escherichia coli com alteração na afinidade da enzima isocitrato desidrogenase pelo seu cofator. A enzima foi modificada no genoma da bactéria e utiliza como cofator NAD em vez do NADP original. Ensaios preliminares em agitador rotativo mostraram uma melhoria de produção da cepa mutada em comparação com a Escherichia coli selvagem. Em ensaios em biorreator, variando a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido no meio, a cepa mutante apresentou uma produção 25% maior que a cepa selvagem na condição de maior produção com 5% de oxigênio dissolvido. / The 1,3-propanediol is a compound produced from glycerol fermentation by bacteria such as Klebsiella and which can be used for various applications in industry, such as the production of PTT (polytrimethylene terephthalate). This work focused on the production of 1,3-propanediol using genes encoding the enzymes of the pathway taken from a Klebsiella strain previously isolated (GLC29). The genes were inserted into a plasmid and in the host strain of Escherichia coli with changes in the affinity of the enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase for its cofactor. The enzyme was modified in the genome of the bacteria using the cofactor NAD instead of the original NADP. Preliminary tests on shaker showed an improvement of production by the mutated strains in comparison to the wild Escherichia coli. In biorreactor cultivation, varying the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the medium, the mutant strain showed a production 25% higher than the wild type strain in the condition with 5% of dissolved oxygen.

Les recherches menées au sein de notre laboratoire ont montré que la Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransférase (Nampt) est surexprimée lors de l’activation de plusieurs cellules immunes. Cette surexpression est surprenante si l’on considère que cette enzyme intervient dans le métabolisme de base de toute cellule (immune et non immune) en participant à la synthèse du cofacteur NAD. Au cours de ce travail, nous avons essayé de comprendre quelle est la contribution de cette enzyme aux fonctions immunes. <p>Puisque les souris génétiquement invalidées pour le gène de la Nampt meurent à un stade embryonnaire précoce nous avons invalidé ce gène de façon conditionnelle uniquement dans les lymphocytes T et B. Nos résultats suggèrent que la délétion de la Nampt dans les cellules T et B compromet leur survie. <p>De plus, nous avons testé l’effet d’un inhibiteur spécifique de la Nampt sur la sécrétion de TNF par des macrophages et des cellules dendritiques. Nos résultats montrent que l’inhibition de la Nampt s’accompagne d’une diminution du taux de NAD intracellulaire et, parallèlement, d’une réduction de la quantité de TNF&61537; synthétisé. De même, nous avons montré qu’en augmentant le taux de NAD cellulaire il est possible d’augmenter la quantité de TNF&61537; produit, ce qui laisse supposer que la capacité de la cellule à synthétiser du TNF&61537; serait directement liée à son contenu en NAD. Cette régulation semble impliquer une étape post-transcriptionnelle puisque l’ARNm du TNF&61537; ne paraît pas être affecté par ces traitements. Puisque le taux de NAD peut influencer directement l’activité d’enzymes NAD-dépendantes, et en particulier l’activité des enzymes de la famille des sirtuines, nous nous sommes demandés si une sirtuine était impliquée dans la synthèse du TNF&61537; Une approche pharmacologique et une approche génétique nous ont permis de montrer que SIRT6 serait capable d’augmenter la production de TNF&61537; à une étape traductionnelle. Cette conclusion semble être confirmée par le fait que des cellules dendritiques dérivées de souris invalidées pour le gène SIRT6 produisent moins de TNF&61537; en réponse à un stimulus microbien par rapport à des cellules sauvages. <p>En conclusion nos observations suggèrent la Nampt, en affectant le niveau intracellulaire de NAD, joue un rôle important dans le contrôle de la production du TNF&61537; par les cellules de système immunitaire<p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The thesis deals with arithmetics of elliptic curves over finite fields and methods to improve those calculations. In the first part, algebraic geometry helps to define elliptic curves and derive their basic properties including the group law. The second chapter seeks ways to speed up these calculations by means of time-memory tradeoff, i.e. adding redundancy. At last, the third part introduces a wholly new curve form, which is particularly effective for such purposes.

Abstract not available

Idarubicin (IDA) and mitomycin C (MC) are clinically effective quinone-containing anticancer agents used in the treatment of several human cancers. Quinone-containing anticancer drugs have the potential to undergo bioreduction by oxidoreductases to reactive species, and thereby exert their cytotoxic effects. In the present study, we investigated, for the first time, the potential of IDA, in comparison to MC, to undergo reductive activation by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R), NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (b5R) and P450R-cytochrome P4502B4 (CYP2B4) system by performing both in vitro plasmid DNA damage experiments and enzyme assays. In addition, we examined the potential protective effects of some antioxidants against DNA-damaging effects of IDA and MC resulting from their reductive activation. To achieve these goals, we obtained P450R from sheep lung, beef liver and PB-treated rabbit liver microsomes, b5R from beef liver microsomes and CYP2B4 from PB-treated rabbit liver microsomes in highly purified forms. The plasmid DNA damage experiments demonstrated that P450R is capable of effectively reducing IDA to DNA-damaging species. The effective protections provided by antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase, as well as scavengers of hydroxyl radical, DMSO and thiourea, revealed that the mechanism of DNA damage by IDA involves the generation of ROS by redox cycling of IDA with P450R under aerobic conditions. The extent of DNA damages by both IDA and MC were found to increase with increasing concentrations of the drug or the enzyme as well as with increasing incubation time. IDA was found to have a greater ability to induce DNA damage at high drug concentrations than MC. The plasmid DNA experiments using b5R, on the other hand, showed that, unlike P450R, b5R was not able to reduce IDA to DNA-damaging reactive species. It was also found that in the presence of b5R and cofactor NADH, MC barely induced DNA strand breaks. All the purified P450Rs reduced IDA at about two-fold higher rate than that of MC as shown by the measurement of drug-induced cofactor consumption. This indicates that IDA may be a more potent cytotoxic drug than MC in terms of the generation of reactive metabolites. The results obtained from enzyme assays confirmed the finding obtained from plasmid DNA experiments that while MC is a very poor substrate for b5R, IDA is not a suitable substrate for this enzyme unlike P450R. The reconstitution experiments carried out under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions using various amounts of CYP2B4, P450R and lipid DLPC revealed that reconstituted CYP2B4 produced about 1.5-fold and 1.4-fold rate enhancements in IDA and MC reduction catalyzed by P450R alone, respectively. The present results also showed that among the tested dietary antioxidants, quercetin, rutin, naringenin, resveratrol and trolox, only quercetin was found to be highly potent in preventing DNA damage by IDA. These results may have some practical implications concerning the potential use of P450R as therapeutic agent on their own in cancer treatment strategies. Selective targeting of tumor cells with purified P450R by newly developed delivery systems such as using polymers, liposomes or antibodies may produce greater reductive activation of bioreductive drugs in tumor cells. Consequently, this strategy has a high potential to increase the efficacy and selectivity of cancer chemotherapy.

Immune systems are fundamentally based on the differentiation of self and non-self. Unlike mammals, plants have an innate immune system responding to the pathogen only at the site of attack. One of these pathogens is Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei which is an obligate biotrophic pathogen causing powdery mildew disease and resulting in up to 30% yield loss for both cultivated and wild barley. In this study, Pallas-01 (P-01) and Pallas-03 (P-03) barley lines were inoculated with powdery mildew race Bgh103 (64/01) resulting incompatible and compatible interactions, respectively. 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hour-post-inoculation (hpi) samples were used in order to define the differential gene expression of NAD malic enzyme, chloroplast lipocalin, phosphoglyceromutase (PGM), Mg chelatase and 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B homolog. In the proteomics study previously conducted in the laboratory, except for the NAD-dependent malic enzyme, the other four proteins were shown to be involved in the incompatible interaction of P-01 and Bgh103 at protein level, whereas NAD-dependent malic enzyme was changing in the compatible interaction. The expression level for both proteomics and transcriptomics were assumed to be similar. However, the level of transcript would not always reflect its protein level or correlate with the level of proteins, due to complex cellular regulation processes. Post-transcriptional modifications such as synthesis, processing, degradation and post-translational modifications are changing the level of proteins expressed, thus a parallel correlation between the protein and mRNA levels can be lost. Other possible reasons for this variation can be changes in mRNA and protein stability, efficiency of translation and protein&rsquo / s turnover rate. The transcription level changes of the genes investigated in this study are found to be differentially expressed, supporting the proteomics data indicating that these genes are possibly involved in resistance. For further investigations, genetic tools such as gene silencing with RNAi and knockout experiments are required in order to elucidate the mechanism of these candidate genes in the plant-pathogen interaction.