No description available.

This thesis discusses changing priorities in urban infrastructure in Japanese cities especially due to emerging pressures such as ' internationalization', the shift to ''knowledge-intensive industries', and the search for a higher urban 'quality of life'. Case studies are presented of four major projects under way in metropolitan Nagoya during the early 1990s, which the author visited as part of field studies under taken in 1994. These are: 1) The Chubu International Airport, a national infrastructure project; 2) The Aichi Cultural Center and the International Design Center Nagoya, address the issue of 'culture" and are regional infrastructure projects; 3) The Shidami Human Science City, which was designated in the 'City's New Basic Plan' as a priority project to upgrade the city's economic infrastructure. The research findings suggest that in the 1990s, Nagoya was indeed moving towards a new urban development strategy based around these major infrastructure projects.

This thesis discusses changing priorities in urban infrastructure in Japanese cities especially due to emerging pressures such as ' internationalization', the shift to ''knowledge-intensive industries', and the search for a higher urban 'quality of life'. Case studies are presented of four major projects under way in metropolitan Nagoya during the early 1990s, which the author visited as part of field studies under taken in 1994. These are: 1) The Chubu International Airport, a national infrastructure project; 2) The Aichi Cultural Center and the International Design Center Nagoya, address the issue of 'culture" and are regional infrastructure projects; 3) The Shidami Human Science City, which was designated in the 'City's New Basic Plan' as a priority project to upgrade the city's economic infrastructure. The research findings suggest that in the 1990s, Nagoya was indeed moving towards a new urban development strategy based around these major infrastructure projects. / Arts, Faculty of / Geography, Department of / Graduate

Visual artist Frank Stella (b. 1936) said about his work, “What you see is what you see.” A member of the visual art movement known as minimalism, he is famed for his repeating black -stripe paintings. There are noticeable parallels between the concept of these visual works and Steve Reich’s (b. 1936) minimalist music, particularly Nagoya Marimbas (1994). This Honors thesis will explore the roots of minimalism in the visual arts and music, Reich’s compositional voice, the repetitive rhythmic components of minimalist music, and the challenges of arranging a percussion piece for a flute ensemble leading up to the final arrangement, Nagoya Flutes.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T13:12:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Romina Ysabel Bazán Barba - 2017.pdf: 1742400 bytes, checksum: 72e69e86d205be3a4e433d5a3e50170d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-19T13:12:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Romina Ysabel Bazán Barba - 2017.pdf: 1742400 bytes, checksum: 72e69e86d205be3a4e433d5a3e50170d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-19T13:12:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Romina Ysabel Bazán Barba - 2017.pdf: 1742400 bytes, checksum: 72e69e86d205be3a4e433d5a3e50170d (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Con el surgimiento de la crisis ecológica global y la idea de la sociedad de riesgo, se crean tratados y convenios internacionales en busca de la protección de la diversidad biológica recayendo directamente en el Derecho Agrario debido a las cuestiones de la falta de alimentos, territorios devastados y derechos y conocimientos tradicionales de los pueblos. Relevante, para ello lo es, la Convención sobre la Diversidad Biológica que busca la utilización sostenible de los recursos genéticos y la distribución justa y equitativa de los beneficios de dicho uso. El Estado, propietario originario de los recursos biogenéticos, busca prevenir la explotación depredadora, y a veces ilegal, de la biodiversidad y de los conocimientos de las comunidades tradicionales. El Protocolo de Nagoya, un instrumento importante que Brasil necesita ratificar, está destinado a complementar y asegurar la mencionada Convención, trayendo una mayor seguridad jurídica y transparencia para los proveedores y usuarios de recursos genéticos a nivel mundial, permitiendo el acceso adecuado y la transferencia de tecnologías. Otro punto a tratar es la Ley de Biodiversidad que ha recibido críticas por la restricción de algunos derechos de los pueblos tradicionales, dando espacio para la incursión de empresas e investigadores de los conocimientos tradicionales y de los recursos genéticos. Por lo tanto, esta disertación aborda el problema de cómo entender el verdadero desarrollo sostenible, teniendo en vista la Ley de Biodiversidad y la no ratificación del Protocolo de Nagoya. Así, la metodología de investigación será su análisis desde la perspectiva interdisciplinar y en los aspectos jurídico-sociológicos. Para ello, se utilizará la investigación teoría, así como el razonamiento deductivo y dialéctico. El marco teórico constará de: José Eli da Veiga, Ignacy Sachs y Amartya Sen, para el estudio del fenómeno de desarrollo; Vandana Shiva, para el análisis de la diversidad de conocimientos; y, por último, se tiene como referencia los datos primarios tales como el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica, el Protocolo de Nagoya y la Ley de Biodiversidad. Como resultado, se produjo la ruptura del paradigma de que el desarrollo no puede ser sostenible y se evidenciaron sus elementos reales como la expresión de libertad, el proyecto social subyacente, la protección de la biodiversidad, así como sus aspectos territoriales, económicos y políticos. En lo que se refiere a la legislación vigente, se afirma la necesidad de la ratificación del Protocolo de Nagoya como un mejor apoyo de la Ley de Biodiversidad, teniendo como finalidad la protección de la mega diversidad brasilera tanto biológica como de sus saberes tradicionales. / Com o surgimento da crise ecológica global e a ideia da sociedade de risco, criam-se tratados e convenções internacionais na busca de proteger a diversidade biológica, incidindo diretamente no Direito Agrário, nas questões da falta de alimentos, territórios devastados e direitos e conhecimento dos povos tradicionais. Destaca-se a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, que visa o uso sustentável dos recursos genéticos e a justa e equitativa distribuição dos benefícios desse uso. O Estado, detentor originário dos recursos biogenéticos, busca impedir a exploração predatória, e por vezes clandestina, da biodiversidade e dos conhecimentos das comunidades tradicionais. O Protocolo de Nagoya, importante instrumento que o Brasil precisa ratificar, visa complementar e garantir a mencionada convenção, trazendo maior segurança jurídica e transparência para os provedores e usuários de recursos genéticos a nível mundial, proporcionando seu acesso adequado e a transferência de tecnologias. Outro ponto discutido é a Lei da Biodiversidade que vem recebendo críticas por restringir alguns direitos dos povos tradicionais, abrindo espaço para o acesso por empresas e pesquisadores aos conhecimentos tradicionais e recursos genéticos. Desta forma, a pesquisa levanta a situação-problema de conceituar o verdadeiro desenvolvimento sustentável; tendo em vista a Lei da Biodiversidade e o ainda não ratificado Protocolo de Nagoya. Destarte, tem-se como metodologia sua análise sob a perspectiva interdisciplinar e sob a vertente jurídico-sociológica. Para isso, utiliza-se a pesquisa teórica, como os raciocínios dedutivo e dialético. O marco teórico foi composto por: José Eli da Veiga, Ignacy Sachs e Amartya Sen, no estudo do desenvolvimento; Vandana Shiva, na análise da diversidade dos saberes; e, por fim, têm-se como referência dados primários como a Convenção sobre Diversidade Biológica, o Protocolo de Nagoya e a Lei da Biodiversidade. Como resultado, produziu-se a quebra do paradigma de que o desenvolvimento não pode ser sustentável e evidenciou-se seus reais elementos como a expressão da liberdade, seu projeto social subjacente, a proteção da biodiversidade, como também seus aspectos territoriais, econômicos e políticos. Quanto à legislação vigente, afirma-se que se necessita da ratificação do Protocolo de Nagoya para melhor amparar a Lei da Biodiversidade com o fim de proteger a megadiversidade brasileira tanto biológica como de seus saberes tradicionais.

Abstract: Indigenous communities have worked for centuries to develop systems of knowledge pertaining to their local environments. Much of the knowledge that has been directly acquired or passed down over generations is of marketable use to corporations, especially in the pharmaceutical industry. Upon gaining the necessary information to convert traditional knowledge into a marketable entity, the corporation will place a patent on the product of their research and development and reap the monetary benefits under the protection of intellectual property legislation. Without appropriate benefit sharing, indigenous communities are robbed of their cumulative innovation and development and denied access to the very medicines that they assisted in development. This study will examine the efforts made by indigenous communities to develop benefit-sharing agreements under national ‘sui generis’ legislation and the international legislation of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 446-485).

In response to growing social inequality, environmental crises, and economic instability, sustainability discourse has become the dominant "master signifier" for many fields, particularly the field of urban planning. However, in practice many sustainability methods overemphasize technological and economic growth-oriented solutions while underemphasizing the social dimension. The social dimension of sustainability remains a "concept in chaos" drawing little agreement on definitions, domains, and indicators for addressing the social challenges of urban life. In contrast, while the field of public health, with its emphasis on social justice principles, has made significant strides in framing and developing interventions to target the social determinants of health (SDH), this work has yet to be integrated into sustainability practice as a tool for framing the social dimension. Meanwhile, as municipalities move forward with these lopsided efforts at approaching sustainability practice, cities continue to experience gentrification, increasing homelessness, health disparities, and many other concerns related to social inequity, environmental injustice, and marginalization. This research involves multi-site, comparative case studies of neighborhood-scale sustainability planning projects in Portland, U.S.; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Nagoya, Japan to bring to light an understanding of how the social dimension is conceptualized and translated to practice in different contexts, as well as the challenges planners, citizen participants, and other stakeholders encounter in attempting to do so. These case studies find that these neighborhood-scale planning efforts are essentially framing the social dimension in terms of principles of SDH. Significant challenges encountered at the neighborhood-scale relate to political economic context and trade-offs between ideals of social sustainability, such as social inclusion and nurturing a sense of belonging when confronted with diverse neighborhood actors, such as sexually oriented businesses and recent immigrants. This research contributes to urban social sustainability literature and sustainability planning practice by interrogating these contested notions and beginning to create a pathway for integration of SDH principles into conceptualizations of social sustainability.

<p>There is a growing interplay of competing realities facing the international community in the general areas of innovation, technological advancement and overall economic development. The highly industrialised wealthy nations, largely located on the Northern hemisphere are on the one hand undoubtedly at the forefront in global research, technology and infrastructure development. The developing and least developed countries on the other hand are mostly situated on the Southern hemisphere. They are not as wealthy or technologically advanced as their&nbsp / Northern counterparts, but are naturally endowed with unique variations of plant, animal and micro-organism species occurring in natural ecosystems, as well as the traditional knowledge on&nbsp / how to use these unique species. This knowledge has been adjudged to be responsible for the sustainable maintenance of the earth&rsquo / s biodiversity. Increasing exploitation of biodiversity,&nbsp / spurred on by the competing realities identified above, has left the earth in a present state of alarm with respect to the uncontrolled loss of biodiversity. The traditional knowledge of local&nbsp / peoples has significantly offered leads to research institutes from the North in developing major advancements in drugs, cosmetics and agriculture. Little or no compensation has however been seen to go back to the indigenous&nbsp / communities and countries that provide resources, and indicate various possibilities through their traditional knowledge to the use of such resources. Efforts by some biodiversity rich countries to&nbsp / ddress this trend through legislation developed in accordance with the principles of the Convention on Biological Diversity have been frustrated due to the inability to enforce their domestic laws outside their borders. Theft of genetic resources and its associated traditional knowledge&nbsp / from such countries has therefore remained a major challenge. Against this backdrop, and on the&nbsp / insistence of biodiversity-rich developing countries, an international regime on access and benefit sharing was negotiated and its final text adopted in 2010. This international regime is as&nbsp / contained in the Nagoya Protocol. This research sets out to examine whether the Nagoya Protocol offers a final solution to the protection of traditional knowledge associated with biodiversity in&nbsp / biodiverse countries. It further examines the importance of domestic legislation in achieving the objectives of the Protocol. The research has been tailored to African biodiverse countries, and&nbsp / seeks these answers within the context of Africa.<br /> &nbsp / </p>