Ce travail analyse les états de la famille et leurs rapports à l’individu dans deux romans de François Mauriac, Le Nœud de vipères et Thérèse Desqueyroux ainsi que dans la Trilogie de Naguib Mahfouz : Impasse des deux palais, Le Palais des plaisirs et Le Jardin du passé.À travers ces deux univers romanesques, qui abordent la thématique de la famille dans des circonstances bien particulières, liées à la géographie, à l’histoire et à la sociologie de l’époque, ce travail souhaite répondre aux questions suivantes : Quel est l’état de la famille dans ces romans ? Quel est la place accordée à l’individu ? Les familles décrites dans ces romans favorisent-t-elles l’émergence de l’individu comme sujet autonome, capable d’effectuer des choix personnels quitte à ce qu’elles soient en contre-courant des valeurs familiales et celles de la société ? Ou bien, l’individu devrait-il se battre et lutter contre la famille afin qu’il puisse émerger comme sujet propre et autonome ?Ainsi la première partie analysera l’état de la famille dans la trilogie de Mahfouz ; quant à la seconde elle abordera les deux romans de Mauriac. La troisième partie élaborera la comparaison entre les deux univers romanesques en croisant et en confrontant les facteurs qui interfèrent dans les deux univers familiaux : la religion, l’argent et le patrimoine et la politique (chez Mahfouz surtout). / This work analyzes the states of the family and their reports to the individual in two François Mauriac’s novels, Vioer’s tangle and Thérèse Desqueyroux as well as in the Trilogy of Naguib Mahfouz: Palace walk, Palace of desire and Sugar street.Through these two romantic universes, which approach the theme of the family on very particular circumstances, connected to the geography, in history and in the sociology of period, this work wishes to answer the following questions: what is the state of the family in these novels? What is the place granted to the individual? Families described in these novels favor the emergence of the individual as autonomous subject, capable of making personal choices even if it means that they are in countercurrent of the values.So the first part will analyze the state of the family in the trilogy of Mahfouz; as for second it will approach both novels of Mauriac. The third part will develop the comparison between both romantic universes by crossing and by confronting the factors which interfere in both family universes: the religion, the money and the heritage and the politics (at Mahfouz especially).

In 1952 Gamal Abdel Nasser and his clique of disaffected young officers launched ‘the Free Officer’s Coup,’ deposing the monarchy, overturning the parliamentary system, and launching a durable regime that defined the face of Egypt in the second half of the twentieth century. This thesis examines the relationship between Nasser and Egypt’s intellectuals, and takes preeminent writers Naguib Mahfouz and Yusuf Idris to reveal the social environment in which this relationship took place. The literary and historical evidence reveals a lively relationship of contestation, critique, accommodation, dependence, and acclamation. Promulgating reformist domestic policies and defiantly nationalist foreign policies, Nasser earned legitimization from intellectuals. His regime endeavored to establish hegemony over Egyptian civil society, an effort resisted and repulsed by intellectuals. Inspired by the most relevant theoretical literature on intellectuals, namely the work of Julien Benda, Antonio Gramsci, and Edward Said, this thesis reveals responsibilities and challenges faced by intellectuals everywhere.

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Notre étude consiste à retracer l'histoire du genre narratif arabe et plus précisément la nouvelle arabe de la fin du XIXème siècle jusqu'à 1969. Dans un premier temps, nous faisons un rappel historique et littéraire incluant la floraison du genre narratif en Egypte. Dans un second temps, nous analysons, à travers les préfaces de Mahmoud Taymour, l'évolution et les changements que le genre narratif arabe a subis dans la première moitié du XXème siècle. Enfin, la troisième partie illustre le gain en maturité du genre romanesque et plus précisément la nouvelle, à travers les oeuvres de Naguib Mahfouz, dans lesquelles nous trouvons un tableau complet de la société égyptienne et arabe de l'époque. / Our study consists on tracking the history of the arab narrative type, more precisely the arab novel since end of nineteenth century till 1969. First, we start in the first chapter by a litterature and historical reminder of the birth of the narrative type in Egypt. Then, we analyze in the second chapter, through the Mahmoud Taymour introductions, the changes and evolutions that occur on this arab narrative type in the first half of the twentieth century. Finaly, the third chapter is the occasion to illustrate the gain in maturity of the narrative litterature and more specificaly the novel. This illustration is done through Naguib Mahfouz novels where we find a complete drawing of the egyptian and arab society at that time.

Title: Images and Symbols in the Historical Novels of Nağīb Maḥfūẓ Author: Martina Hainová Departement: Ústav Blízkého východu a Afriky Supervidor: PhDr. František Ondráš, PhD. Keywords: Nağīb Maḥfūẓ, egyptian literature, history, symbol, image, egyptology, leader, nationalism, identity This thesis examines the role of the symbols in the three historical novels of Nağīb Maḥfūẓ that take place in the Ancient Egypt. In his return to the history of his nation, he shows people the way to their own identity and explains the contemporary situation in the country by using symbols. We try to prove that his novels renew the traditions and connect the modern Egypt with the legends. We demonstrate on the extracts the intentions of the author, confront his deviation from the historical facts and present reasons which led author to do that. For further comprehension, we give details about the historical novel, egyptology and show the impact of european authors on Nağīb Maḥfūẓ.

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The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of Naguib Mahfouz’s writings in relationship to modern Islam, changes in Egyptian Islam, the impact of colonialism, and modern Muslim Identity. The divergent effects and results of transformations in Egypt are analyzed through history, literature, and religion using theoretical religious, psychological, historical, and social world views. Selected writings of Naguib Mahfouz are used as the central body of literature. Naguib Mahfouz’s writings provide a plethora of divergent views on Egypt, Islam, and the emerging new Muslim Identity. Mahfouz’s writings centralize the many dilemmas that Muslims face today in light of modernity, western influences, and a transforming Islam. In this study there were some conclusions drawn about modern Islam and literature that discuss modern Islam as reflected in Mahfouz’s literary portrayals of ordinary Muslims living in Cairo and Alexandria oscillating between their native Eastern culture and Western colonial influences, as well as the existential and spiritual questions that accompany change for modern Muslims. / Religious Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)

The purpose of this study was to present an analysis of Naguib Mahfouz’s writings in relationship to modern Islam, changes in Egyptian Islam, the impact of colonialism, and modern Muslim Identity. The divergent effects and results of transformations in Egypt are analyzed through history, literature, and religion using theoretical religious, psychological, historical, and social world views. Selected writings of Naguib Mahfouz are used as the central body of literature. Naguib Mahfouz’s writings provide a plethora of divergent views on Egypt, Islam, and the emerging new Muslim Identity. Mahfouz’s writings centralize the many dilemmas that Muslims face today in light of modernity, western influences, and a transforming Islam. In this study there were some conclusions drawn about modern Islam and literature that discuss modern Islam as reflected in Mahfouz’s literary portrayals of ordinary Muslims living in Cairo and Alexandria oscillating between their native Eastern culture and Western colonial influences, as well as the existential and spiritual questions that accompany change for modern Muslims. / Religious Studies / D. Litt. et Phil. (Religious Studies)