East Africa, with Nairobi at its hub, is currently experiencing unprecedented rates of urban population growth. Much of this growth is absorbed into informal settlements which, in the case of Nairobi, house over 55% of the city's population. The largest of these settlements is Kibera with a population totaling approximately 700,000. The thesis focuses on Pentecostal churches in Gatwikera, one of the twelve urban villages which together make up Kibera. It is argued that what is emerging within these communities is a distinctive type of church which is defined as informal Pentecostal. Consideration is given to why mainline churches appear to struggle within the informal sector while these churches appear to thrive. The explanation for this is given in the way the Pentecostal churches emerge along the same lines as the informal economy. The thesis sets out to identify the distinctive nature of the churches and the way in which they exemplify a different form of Christian presence in the settlements to that of mainline churches and Roho churches. The study offers an analysis of their ministry and their pastors and considers their relationship to the flows of the rural urban continuum and the liminality of informal settlements. The study seeks to identify the contribution these churches make to mission within the community particularly looking at their role in social transformation. It concludes that while the churches provide an important Christian presence within the community and social capital to enable people to better survive and retain hope within the settlements they offer little towards the much needed social transformation within the settlements. It is further argued that for this to be achieved, attention needs to be given to the development of appropriate forms of training and the facilitation of higher degrees of networking and collaboration. The thesis is structured around the pastoral cycle which forms both the theoretical framework and the research methodology. The suitability of the pastoral cycle as a research method is explored within the thesis. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / D.Th. (Missiology)

abstract: This ethnography follows mobile trajectories on roads in Nairobi to investigate how the transformation of transport infrastructure has affected people’s everyday mobility. I follow diverse mobile actors, including pedestrians, handcart (mkokoteni) workers, and minibus (matatu) operators, whose practices and ideas of moving are central to understand the city’s ordinary mobility. I also situate their everyday ways of moving in the rules, plans and ideas of regulators, such as government officials, engineers and international experts, who focus on decongesting roads and attempt to reshape Nairobi’s better urban mobility. Despite official and popular aspirations for building new roads and other public transport infrastructure, I argue that many mobile actors still pursue and struggle with preexisting and non-motorized means and notions of moving that are not reflected in the promise of and plans for better mobility. This ethnography also reveals how certain important forms of ordinary mobility have been socially marginalized. It explores what kinds of difficulties are created when the infrastructural blueprints of road “experts” and the notions that politicians promote about a new urban African mobility fail to match the reality of everyday road use by the great majority of Nairobi residents. By employing mobile participant observation of the practices of moving, this study also finds important ethnographic implications and suggestions for the study of mobile subjects in an African city where old and new forms of mobility collide. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2016

Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / The prevalence of low back pain has assumed an upsurge trend in the last five decades despite the many interventional strategies. One interventional strategy that has been unsuccessful has been patient education. Lack of positive results from many of the existing patient education programmes is probably due to the type of health information that has been presented and the method that has been used. Many of the health education programmes have been planned according to what the medical professionals assumed the individuals needed to know, assumptions that could have ignored some crucial aspects. This study explored the perceived health education needs of individuals with low back pain at the Nairobi Hospital Rehabilitation Unit in Kenya, the method used to educate the individuals, the appropriateness of the method according to the individuals in addition to identifying the source of the health education that the individuals had. / South Africa

Magister Educationis - MEd / Following the understanding that incentives influence behaviour both in terms of eliciting and sustaining it, this thesis seeks to explore the link between incentives and knowledge production at the University of Nairobi. Given the backdrop, higher education institutions have a key role to play in economic development through knowledge production; the study seeks to see how academics can be steered to produce knowledge. The principal-agent model primarily informs the study, whose primary argument is that for incentives to attract, motivate and retain employees, these incentives have to be sufficient, fair and consistent. Additionally, the model predicts that a higher sum of monetary incentives triggers higher effort, resulting in higher productivity. Using a single case study approach, the study focused on the University of Nairobi in Kenya. The data for the study was mainly provided by the structured interviews, institutional documents and archival. The findings of this study show that there are several incentives related to research at the University of Nairobi. These include: promotion opportunities, time resources, research funding, and financial allowances for publications and successful supervision of postgraduate students. Multiple principals including the government, national research council and the university itself provide these incentives. The general perception of academics is that, the incentives are weak and do not encourage the maximization of the University’s research goals. In addition, academics are also confronted with other principals who reinforce non-research behaviour. These principals offer significant rewards for consultancies, and incentives for teaching on the full-fee-paying stream by providing additional payments, over and above regular salaries, to academics that teach on these programmes. Given the weak nature of the incentives for research, academics at the University of Nairobi seem to respond more favourably to the nonresearch incentives. Overall, the study confirms the economic principle that individuals, in this case, academics, respond to incentives. However, in the context of competing incentives, the research incentives have to be adequate, systematically applied and continuous to reinforce a vibrant research culture.

Emergency nursing is an evolving field in Kenya with the Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) yet to list it as a speciality area. This study wished to identify and describe the core competencies that should be included in an emergency nurse training programme based on the views of nurses and doctors who work in emergency units in a level 1 hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. The researcher used qualitative explorative and quantitative descriptive designs in phases 1 and 2, respectively, and convenience and purposive sampling. The study found that the respondents emphasised the inclusion of 137 (93.2%) of the 147 skills in the questionnaire as core competencies and disagreed with 10 (6.8%). Concomitantly, the vast majority of the respondents (93.6%) supported the inclusion of the skills compared to those (6.3%) that did not. Based on the findings, the researcher made recommendations of the core competencies to be included in the programme. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health studies)

Zugl.: Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2008

Emergency nursing is an evolving field in Kenya with the Nursing Council of Kenya (NCK) yet to list it as a speciality area. This study wished to identify and describe the core competencies that should be included in an emergency nurse training programme based on the views of nurses and doctors who work in emergency units in a level 1 hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. The researcher used qualitative explorative and quantitative descriptive designs in phases 1 and 2, respectively, and convenience and purposive sampling. The study found that the respondents emphasised the inclusion of 137 (93.2%) of the 147 skills in the questionnaire as core competencies and disagreed with 10 (6.8%). Concomitantly, the vast majority of the respondents (93.6%) supported the inclusion of the skills compared to those (6.3%) that did not. Based on the findings, the researcher made recommendations of the core competencies to be included in the programme. / Health Studies / M.A. (Health studies)

This dissertation is a critical, theoretical study focussing is on the contribution that popular music makes towards raising awareness and promoting the prevention of HIV/Aids in Nairobi, Kenya. Towards this end, an analysis of the lyrics and musical gestures of four Kenyan pop music songs is undertaken in order to highlight their communicative capabilities in this regard. These songs, namely, are Lulumbe by Wasike wa Musungu, Juala by Circute and Jo-el, Vuta Pumz by The Longombas, and Dunia Mbaya Chunguze by Princess Jully. The context in which these musical analyses occur is provided in: - An overview of the Kenya of today, in particular that of the diverse and hybrid ethnic, linguistic, musical and cultural practices of Nairobi, and of the various youth cultures in that city, as well as in an overview of the extent of the HIV/Aids pandemic in Kenya, especially amongst the youth of Nairobi, with some reflection on existing interventions. - An overview of current trends in popular music analysis and an explanation of the author’s own eclectic semiotic analytical methodology within this context. The study concludes that a repeating strategy may be discerned on the part of the composers and performers in question, namely, to first engage audiences through language and music with which they are familiar, and then to encourage audiences to confront the unknown and unfamiliar in music and language, but also ultimately in terms of their social practices. The known and the familiar is highlighted both in the lyrics and in the music itself. It includes use of commonlyspoken languages and dialects, popular musical styles typical of the particular sub-culture, and references to the day-to-day experiences of the ordinary person.

This study was planned to increase understanding of job satisfaction among faculty in middle size universities. The problem was job satisfaction and its association with selected demographic characteristics of faculty at Kenyatta University, second largest university in Nairobi. There was a response rate of 52.6 percent. All of the 300 faculty members with the rank of professor, associate professor, assistant professor, lecturer and teaching fellow participated in this research. Two instruments were used to collect data from the participating faculty. The first instrument was a demographic data sheet that solicited personal data from faculty. The second instrument was a standardized six dimensional survey instrument, the Job Descriptive Index (JDI). Both survey instruments were handed out in an envelope to all faculty by the researcher. The findings showed that most faculty were satisfied with their job in areas of co-workers and job in general. They seemed dissatisfied with the area of opportunities for promotion. The findings further demonstrated that most faculty were neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with their present work, present pay, and supervision. Analysis of variance demonstrated that the selected demographic variables of age, professional rank, and nationality were associated with job satisfaction. Scheffé's Multiple Comparison test and Newman-Keuls procedure were used to analyze differences in satisfaction among groups. The results showed that professors and lecturers were significantly more satisfied with their coworkers than were the assistant professors. Faculty members' gender, marital status, years of experience, tenure status, academic degree and area of interest did not influence job satisfaction. It is recommended that future research to determine an appropriate system of promotions structure and faculty growth and development be initiated.

This study investigated the relationship between capital structure, performance and replacement of chief executive officer in firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). Data was collected from a sample of 37 firms listed on the NSE over a period of 23 years, from 1990 to 2012. The analysis was conducted at three stages. The canonical correlation technique was employed to investigate the bi-directional relationship between capital structure and performance and to select competing indicators of performance and capital structure. Second, the general linear model (GLM) procedure was used to test the effect of performance and ownership structure and to test the effect of capital structure and ownership structure. Lastly, the generalised estimating equation (GEE) was used to assess effects of performance, capital structure and ownership structure on change in CEO. The results revealed that a bidirectional relationship exists between capital structure and debt capital. The indicators found to be useful in examining the relationship between performance and capital structure are asset turnover ratio and total debt to the total asset ratio. The findings support the efficiency hypothesis but not the franchise hypothesis. The results also indicated that firms with a low asset turnover are with a low asset turnover are 3.045 times likely to change CEO compared to firms with a high asset turnover. The results also indicated that firms with high leverage (debt) are he results also indicated that firms with high leverage (debt) are 3.430 times likely to change CEO compared to firms in low leverage, while the firms with medium leverage are are are are 6.491 times likely to change CEO. Therefore managers should not be passive when it comes to choosing between equity and debt capital played a disciplinary role on firms listed on the NSE. / Business Management / DCom (Business Management)