This master's thesis seeks to dispel the myth that nineteenth century painter Paul Delaroche's art was either apolitical or politically conservative. Through an examination of Delaroche's portraits of the late Napoleon I in conjunction with contemporary napoleonic prints, one finds that Delaroche was, indeed, deeply involved with contemporary politics. A close examination of his portraits shows that this involvement manifested itself in support for both the Cult of Napoleon and for the Bonapartist party.

Egyptian campaign of 1798 led by general Bonaparte had an important impact on the European culture in the end of 18th century and begining of the 19th century. Also the campaign itself was strongly reflected in period art and print. Main goal of my diploma is to compare the visual appereance and thought of the caricature created mainly by the english authors on this matter, with official French propaganda under Napoleon which is visible in art of Antoine-Jean Gros' painting: Napoleon visiting the sick in Jaffa. In both cases these are distinctive illustrations of political function of art, which, mainly in the era of Napoleon I., gained new authenticity for the future evolution of political propaganda and caricature.

Roman über die Napoleonische Zeit Die Aufzeichnungen Karl Georg Tandlop's, der während der Napoleonischen Ära als Korrespondent für die Gothaer 'National-Zeitung der Deutschen' gearbeitet hat und beim großen Brand von Moskau dabei war. In diesem Roman treten u.a. die Königin Luise von Preußen und der Dichter Heinrich von Kleist auf. Dies ist ein Buch über Politik und Weltgeschichte, und über die Menschen, die ihnen ausgeliefert sind. Aber es ist auch ein Buch über die alles Schlechte bezwingende, alles Gute erhaltende und überhaupt alles überdauernde Kraft und Macht der Kunst. Dieser Roman ist Band 03 der 'Kleinen Werkeausgabe' von Alexander Fuchs.

A mass grave containing the remains of at least 3269 Napoleonic soldiers from 1812 was discovered in Vilnius, Lithuania in 2001. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses were performed on collagen from 78 femoral samples to explore dietary variation within the sample. Starvation and nutritional distress were also evaluated through the examination of nitrogen enrichment in bone collagen. Clinical studies have demonstrated that enriched nitrogen isotope values can indicate periods of nutritional stress and starvation; however, this is the first study to examine its use as a diagnostic indicator of starvation in a historical population using bone tissue. According to the carbon isotope data, a vast majority of the soldiers in this sample consumed predominantly C3 plants with only five individuals consuming more than 50% of their plant dietary protein in the form of C4 plants, with δ13C ratios for this sample ranging from -19.22‰ to -11.76‰ and a mean of -17.18‰. This conforms to expectations given that a majority of human plant consumption in Europe is C3 pathway plants. Twenty-nine individuals exhibit enriched δ15N values, with δ15N values for this sample ranging from 7.14‰ to 13.63‰ and a mean of 10.49‰. The combination of historical and isotopic evidence suggests prolonged nutritional stress may be the cause of enrichment in this sample. The results of this study demonstrate the applicability of this method on archaeological samples as a line of evidence in the investigation of starvation and famine.

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La perception du Second Empire français a longtemps été sujette à controverse dans l’historiographie française. Alors que le régime a été synonyme de honte nationale pendant plusieurs décennies, l’historiographie en a tracé un portrait peu flatteur qui a tardé à évoluer. Cette interprétation négative dure jusqu’aux années 1930-1940, à partir desquelles les historiens remettent en question les idées reçues sur le régime et le perçoivent positivement. En effectuant une critique externe et interne d’ouvrages publiés par des auteurs français sur le Second Empire depuis 1870, le présent mémoire vise à identifier les facteurs qui expliquent la lente transformation de la perception du régime et de l’Empereur. La critique externe démontre que les auteurs, le contexte historique et la discipline historique ont joué un rôle dans cette perception. L’analyse interne de la politique socio-économique, intérieure et extérieure du régime, ainsi que de la personnalité de l’Empereur, démontre que d’autres facteurs, comme l’utilisation de sources et la façon d’aborder le sujet, ont eu un impact sur l’évaluation de Napoléon III et du Second Empire. / The perception of the Second French Empire has long been a subject of controversy in French historiography. For a long time, the regime was synonymous with national shame, and historians presented Napoleon III in an unfavourable manner that persisted for decades. Negative interpretations prevailed until the 1930s and the 1940s, after which a number of historians challenged preconceptions about the regime and began to portray it positively. By performing external and internal analyses of books on the Second Empire written by French authors since 1870, this thesis identifies factors that explain the slow transformation of the understanding of the regime and the Emperor by historians. External analysis will demonstrate that authors, historical context and changing norms in the historical profession play important roles in the writing of French history. Internal analysis consists of examination of the regime’s socio-economic, domestic, foreign policies, and of the Emperor’s personality. It will show that other factors, such as sources used and angles from which a subject is studied, had an impact on the way authors construed the Second Empire and Napoleon III.

Aspetto sinora poco conosciuto della politica religiosa promossa da Bonaparte, strettamente legato alle esigenze dettate dalla ricerca di consenso, l’introduzione del culto di San Napoleone costituisce un esempio significativo del tentativo compiuto dal regime francese di circondare la figura e il potere del sovrano di un alone sacralizzante. Il presente lavoro, condotto sulla base di un’abbondante ricerca d’archivio e attraverso l’analisi di molto materiale documentario sinora inedito, si propone di indagare in profondità la genesi e lo sviluppo di tale culto, ponendo l’accento sulle motivazioni che furono alla base della sua introduzione in età consolare, sulle strategie che furono adottate dal governo napoleonico ai fini della sua diffusione, nonché sulle reazioni che si verificarono presso gli ambienti della Curia romana a seguito dell’istituzione della festività religiosa ad esso legata. / The religious policy promoted by Bonaparte is a little known topic at the moment. Closely linked to the needs to find consensus, the introduction of the cult of St. Napoleon is a significant example of the attempt made by the French government to surround the figure and the ruler’s a sanctifying aura. This study, based on an extensive archival research and through a deep analysis of many unpublished documents, aims to investigate in depth the genesis and development of this cult, with an emphasis on the motivations that were at the base of its introduction in consular age, on strategies that were adopted by the Napoleonic government for its spread, as well as on the reactions that occurred in the the Roman Curia following imposition of religious festivities connected to it.

From the campaign waged by Revolutionaries like Barère and the Abbé Grégoire against those regional languages they referred to pejoratively as 'patois', to the educational policies of Jules Ferry a century later, successive governments of France engaged in a broadly successful struggle to force the French to speak French. Inverting the logic of cultural nationalists like Herder, who claimed a shared language as the legitimate basis of national polities, French legislators sought to impose French as a common language on a linguistically diverse population that had already been constituted as a state. Recent historical work has shown the particular significance of such projects during the Napoleonic period. Historians have begun considering how far the Napoleonic regime was characterized by cultural imperialism. While the ideological nature of such projects- the 'view from the centre', so to speak- is now well understood by historians, this thesis is concerned with the practice of Napoleonic imperialism in one sphere of action: language. By focusing on the practice of linguistic imperialism under Napoleon this thesis makes an important contribution to understandings of the cultural politics of the period as well as Napoleonic state-building policies more generally.