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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

一國兩制與基本法在香港的實踐與挑戰—三次人大釋法案例研究 / The challenge of “One Country, Two Systems”in Hong Kong ── A study of the NPC interpretations of Hong Kong Basic Law

陳智菡 Unknown Date (has links)
香港在西元1997年7月1日正式脫離英屬殖民地,回歸中國成為中華人民共和國領土的一部分,為了維持香港的穩定繁榮,中共以一國兩制、港人治港做為治港方針,並以中國憲法及在1990年通過並推行香港特別行政區基本法相關條例作為法律依據,給予港人高度自治的權力。 基本法推行至今業已九年,九年當中,中國最高立法機關全國人大常委會對基本法當中的模糊地界先後進行了包括「居港權案」、「雙普選案」以及「特首任期」案等三次釋法;人大釋法雖是寫入中華人民共和國憲法與基本法當中的合理權力,但在這三次釋法的過程中,仍存在有釋法的合法性、與中央是否干涉香港自治的爭議,這些爭議引起香港各界極大的討論,同時也影響了港人對一國兩制在港推行的信心。 香港特區基本法是以中國憲法做為依據的,其法律地位從屬於憲法,換言之,香港特區的自治權乃是由國家主權所派生出之地方自治權利。然而,所謂「一國兩制」,其最高原則就在於所謂「高度自治」之精神,因此,三次主要由北京當局主導的釋法行動難免引發中央過度干涉香港事務的疑慮,本文針對三次人大釋法之源起、內容、過程、及其所引發的爭議為主軸,試圖釐清中共中央是否意圖箝制香港的自治權限、抑或相關爭議只是港人過度恐慌所致?此外,特區政府與特區行政長官在釋法的過程當中又扮演何種角色?他們是否曾如實地反應民意?或者只是積極地配合中央,在相當程度上放棄自我管治的權利?這都是文中所欲釐清的焦點。撰者寄望能由本研究看出中共所大力宣揚的思想成就──「一國兩制」是否真能確實落實,也可為台灣在思考對中國大陸政策時更具體的思考方向。 關鍵詞:香港、基本法、一國兩制、人大釋法、中港關係 / Hong Kong has been a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of People’s Republic of China (PRC) since 1997, it maintains a high degree autonomy except it matters of defense and foreign affairs. It has well-established institutions that support the rule of law and vigorous civil society by the Basic Law. The Basic Law has been published in nine years. During this period, The Standing Committee of PRC’s National People’s Congress (NPC) has been approved to interpret the law for three times. Although the interpretation rights of The Standing Committee of NPC is undeniable, those moves are still causing a great deal of concerns---such as the validity of judicial procedure of interpretations and whether the PRC government interfere with the Hong Kong’s autonomy affairs or not, and so on…. Those controversial issues are not only causing a huge controversy over Hong Kong society, but also lower people's confidence in “one country, two systems”. If the Standing Committee of NPC’s thrice interpretation actions were just reflecting part of NPC membership’s opinions and Bejing’s will but totally disregarded of the view of the Hong Kong people. It will not only cripple the power of legal interpretation of Hong Kong’s judicial body. And even worse, it might cause Hong Kong’s judicial system towards to the mainland one. Meanwhile, by vesting power jointly with Bejing and the HK chief executive, the mainland authorities have succeeded in bring public opinions in HK under their thumb. This essay is aimed at the thrice interpretations, including the source, contents, process and the following issues. The NPC interpretations will have a deep impact on the development of HK’s judicial and political system. I believe, by observing the following situation after the interpretations in the HK, we will have a better understanding of the “one country, two systems”. Keywords:Hong Kong, Basic Law, One country two systems, the NPC interpretations, National People’s congress.
2

中國大陸全國人民代表大會專門委員會之研究 / A Study of PRC's National People's Congress Special Committee

林家彰, Lin, Chia-chang Unknown Date (has links)
在探討委員會制度的理論之中,「形式理論」(formal theory)、「新制度論」(new institutionalism)與「資訊理論」(information theory)等三個理論為學者所廣泛討論。有別於「新制度論」中多以「理性選擇制度主義」(rational choice institutionalism)為主的論述,本文以「歷史制度主義」(historical institutionalism)為導引、新制度應用架構為基礎,建立以「人員組成方式」、「選舉制度」與「輔助立法機構」做為全國人民代表大會專門委員會的三項制約因素。各專門委員會的職權主要可以分為「審議權」、「提案權」、「調查研究權」等三個部分,而研究發現,全國人民代表大會專門委員會確實受到「委員會組成」、「選舉制度」與「輔助立法機構」等三項因素所制約。就制度功能而言,全國人民代表大會專門委員會在發展上的確面臨到三大挑戰:「委員會組成層級偏低」、「間接選舉制度降低選舉效率,導致選區難以與委員會做連結」、「委員會與其他立法輔助機構功能重疊」。

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