This dissertation investigates nineteenth-century narrative representations of the Cossacks—multi-ethnic warrior communities from the historical borderlands of empire, known for military strength, pillage, and revelry—as contested historical figures in modern identity politics. Rather than projecting today’s political borders into the past and proceeding from the claim that the Cossacks are either Russian or Ukrainian, this comparative project analyzes the nineteenth-century narratives that transform pre-national Cossack history into national patrimony. Following the Romantic era debates about national identity in the Russian empire, during which the Cossacks become part of both Ukrainian and Russian national self-definition, this dissertation focuses on the role of historical narrative in these burgeoning political projects. Drawing on Alexander Pushkin’s Poltava (1828), Nikolai Gogol’s Taras Bulba (1835, 1842), and Taras Shevchenko’s Haidamaky (1842), this dissertation traces the relationship between Cossack history, the poet-historian, and possible national futures in Ukrainian and Russian Romantic literature. In the age of empire, these literary representations shaped the emerging Ukrainian and Russian nations, conceptualized national belonging in terms of the domestic family unit, and reimagined the genealogical relationship between Ukrainian and Russian history. Uniting the national “we” in its readership, these Romantic texts prioritize the poet-historian’s creative, generative power and their ability to discover, legitimate, and project the nation into the future. This framework shifts the focus away from the political nation-state to emphasize the unifying power of shared narrative history and the figurative, future-oriented, and narrative genesis of national imaginaries.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a construção da narrativa nacional pela historiografia oitocentista, articulando esta elaboração discursiva a um horizonte pragmático que, efetivamente, pretendia, através de um grande relato da nacionalidade, eliminar a heterogeneidade a partir da construção de um modelo de conduta a ser seguido pelos habitantes da nação. Esta pesquisa, portanto, se propõe a investigar a narrativa elaborada pela historiografia oitocentista, através dos textos de Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Karl Friedrich Von Martius e Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, que, efetivamente, inventaram uma nação brasileira. / This research has as objective to evaluate the construction of the national narrative by the 19th century historiography, articulating this discursive elaboration to a pragmatic horizon that effectively intended, through a great story of the nationality, to eliminate the heterogeinity through the construction of a behavior model to be followed by the inhabitants of the nation. This research investigates the narrative elaborated by 19th century historiography, through the texts of Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Karl Friedrich Von Martius and Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, who, effectively, invented a Brazilian nation.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a construção da narrativa nacional pela historiografia oitocentista, articulando esta elaboração discursiva a um horizonte pragmático que, efetivamente, pretendia, através de um grande relato da nacionalidade, eliminar a heterogeneidade a partir da construção de um modelo de conduta a ser seguido pelos habitantes da nação. Esta pesquisa, portanto, se propõe a investigar a narrativa elaborada pela historiografia oitocentista, através dos textos de Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Karl Friedrich Von Martius e Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, que, efetivamente, inventaram uma nação brasileira. / This research has as objective to evaluate the construction of the national narrative by the 19th century historiography, articulating this discursive elaboration to a pragmatic horizon that effectively intended, through a great story of the nationality, to eliminate the heterogeinity through the construction of a behavior model to be followed by the inhabitants of the nation. This research investigates the narrative elaborated by 19th century historiography, through the texts of Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Karl Friedrich Von Martius and Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, who, effectively, invented a Brazilian nation.

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo discutir a construção da narrativa nacional pela historiografia oitocentista, articulando esta elaboração discursiva a um horizonte pragmático que, efetivamente, pretendia, através de um grande relato da nacionalidade, eliminar a heterogeneidade a partir da construção de um modelo de conduta a ser seguido pelos habitantes da nação. Esta pesquisa, portanto, se propõe a investigar a narrativa elaborada pela historiografia oitocentista, através dos textos de Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Karl Friedrich Von Martius e Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, que, efetivamente, inventaram uma nação brasileira. / This research has as objective to evaluate the construction of the national narrative by the 19th century historiography, articulating this discursive elaboration to a pragmatic horizon that effectively intended, through a great story of the nationality, to eliminate the heterogeinity through the construction of a behavior model to be followed by the inhabitants of the nation. This research investigates the narrative elaborated by 19th century historiography, through the texts of Januário da Cunha Barbosa, Karl Friedrich Von Martius and Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, who, effectively, invented a Brazilian nation.

In 2012, Uganda celebrated 50 years of independence. The postcolonial era in the country has been marked by political turmoil and civil wars. Uganda, like many other postcolonial states in Africa, cannot be described as an ethnically or culturally homogenous state. However, history education has globally been seen as a platform for constructing national identities in contemporary societies. At the same time, it is assumed that specific historical experiences of countries influence historical understanding. This study takes its starting point in the theories of historical consciousness and narrativity. A narrative could be viewed as a site where mobilization of ideas of the past to envisage the present and possible futures is made and hence the narrative expresses historical orientation. Through the concept of historical orientation historical consciousness can be explored, i.e. what history is viewed as significant and meaningful. The aim in the study is to explore in what ways students connect to their historical pasts.   The study explores 219 narratives of 73 Ugandan upper secondary students. Narratives elicited through written responses to three assignments. Designed to capture different approaches to history: either to start from the beginning and narrate history prospectively or to depart from the present narrating retrospectively. The colonial experience of Uganda affected the sampling in the way that students were chosen from two different regions, Central and Northern Uganda. The comparison was a way to handle the concept of ‘nation’ as a presupposed category. Narrative analysis has been used as a method to explore what the students regarded as historically significant and what patterns among the narratives that point towards particular historical orientations.   The empirical results show how different approaches to history, a prospective or a retrospective approach, influence the student narratives. For instance, valued judgments on past developments were more common with the retrospective approach. The results also show differences in evaluating past developments according to regional origin. Students from northern Uganda were generally more inclined to tell a story of decline. Also, it is argued that the student narratives were informed by a meta-narrative of Africa. It was as common to identify oneself as African as it was to identify as Ugandan.

This thesis explores the symmetry between theatres and museums, and investigates how a museum experience is similar to a theatrical event. Particularly, this project examines how the Canadian War Museum performs historical narrative through its use of three performative elements of a theatre production: space, objects and actor’s body. Firstly, this thesis analyses how creating a historical narrative is similar to fiction writing and play writing. It follows the argument of Hayden White and Michel de Certeau who recognize a historical narrative as a performative act. Accordingly, this thesis examines the First World War exhibit at the Canadian War Museum as a space of performance. I apply Lubomír Doležel’s literary theory on possible worlds, illustrating how a museum space can create unique characteristics of a possible world of fiction and of history. Secondly, this thesis employs Marie-Laure Ryan’s theory of narrativity to discuss how museum objects construct and perform their stories. I argue that the objects in museums are presented to the public in a state of museality similar to the condition of theatricality in a theatre performance. Lastly, this thesis investigates the performance of people by applying various theories of performance, such as Michael Kirby’s non-acting/acting continuum, Jiří Veltruský’s concept of the stage figure, and Freddie Rokem’s theories of actors as “hyper-historians.” In this way, this thesis explores concrete case studies of employee/visitor interactions and expands on how these communications transform the people within the walls of the museum into performers of historical narrative. Moreover, according to Antoine Prost, the museum as an institution is an educational and cultural authority. As a result, in all of these performative situations, the Canadian War Museum presents a historical narrative to its visitors with which it can help shape a sense of national identity, the events Canadians choose to commemorate and their personal and/or collective memories. In its interdisciplinary scope, this thesis calls upon theories from a variety of academic fields, such as performance studies, history and cultural studies, museology, and literary studies. Most importantly, however, this project offers a new perspective on the performative potentials of a national history museum.

This thesis explores the symmetry between theatres and museums, and investigates how a museum experience is similar to a theatrical event. Particularly, this project examines how the Canadian War Museum performs historical narrative through its use of three performative elements of a theatre production: space, objects and actor’s body. Firstly, this thesis analyses how creating a historical narrative is similar to fiction writing and play writing. It follows the argument of Hayden White and Michel de Certeau who recognize a historical narrative as a performative act. Accordingly, this thesis examines the First World War exhibit at the Canadian War Museum as a space of performance. I apply Lubomír Doležel’s literary theory on possible worlds, illustrating how a museum space can create unique characteristics of a possible world of fiction and of history. Secondly, this thesis employs Marie-Laure Ryan’s theory of narrativity to discuss how museum objects construct and perform their stories. I argue that the objects in museums are presented to the public in a state of museality similar to the condition of theatricality in a theatre performance. Lastly, this thesis investigates the performance of people by applying various theories of performance, such as Michael Kirby’s non-acting/acting continuum, Jiří Veltruský’s concept of the stage figure, and Freddie Rokem’s theories of actors as “hyper-historians.” In this way, this thesis explores concrete case studies of employee/visitor interactions and expands on how these communications transform the people within the walls of the museum into performers of historical narrative. Moreover, according to Antoine Prost, the museum as an institution is an educational and cultural authority. As a result, in all of these performative situations, the Canadian War Museum presents a historical narrative to its visitors with which it can help shape a sense of national identity, the events Canadians choose to commemorate and their personal and/or collective memories. In its interdisciplinary scope, this thesis calls upon theories from a variety of academic fields, such as performance studies, history and cultural studies, museology, and literary studies. Most importantly, however, this project offers a new perspective on the performative potentials of a national history museum.

This thesis explores the symmetry between theatres and museums, and investigates how a museum experience is similar to a theatrical event. Particularly, this project examines how the Canadian War Museum performs historical narrative through its use of three performative elements of a theatre production: space, objects and actor’s body. Firstly, this thesis analyses how creating a historical narrative is similar to fiction writing and play writing. It follows the argument of Hayden White and Michel de Certeau who recognize a historical narrative as a performative act. Accordingly, this thesis examines the First World War exhibit at the Canadian War Museum as a space of performance. I apply Lubomír Doležel’s literary theory on possible worlds, illustrating how a museum space can create unique characteristics of a possible world of fiction and of history. Secondly, this thesis employs Marie-Laure Ryan’s theory of narrativity to discuss how museum objects construct and perform their stories. I argue that the objects in museums are presented to the public in a state of museality similar to the condition of theatricality in a theatre performance. Lastly, this thesis investigates the performance of people by applying various theories of performance, such as Michael Kirby’s non-acting/acting continuum, Jiří Veltruský’s concept of the stage figure, and Freddie Rokem’s theories of actors as “hyper-historians.” In this way, this thesis explores concrete case studies of employee/visitor interactions and expands on how these communications transform the people within the walls of the museum into performers of historical narrative. Moreover, according to Antoine Prost, the museum as an institution is an educational and cultural authority. As a result, in all of these performative situations, the Canadian War Museum presents a historical narrative to its visitors with which it can help shape a sense of national identity, the events Canadians choose to commemorate and their personal and/or collective memories. In its interdisciplinary scope, this thesis calls upon theories from a variety of academic fields, such as performance studies, history and cultural studies, museology, and literary studies. Most importantly, however, this project offers a new perspective on the performative potentials of a national history museum.

Sur fond de revendications sociales et culturelles, l’émergence d’une « conscience noire », mobilisant très activement la mémoire de l’esclavage et les thématiques de discrimination et de visibilité politique et médiatique, s’est produite dans les arènes publiques françaises au début de l’année 2005. Dans une société qui fait de son principe universaliste son crédo, cette apparition pose question. Identifiée par les médias comme étant l’expression d’une « question noire », ces mouvements revendicatifs, émis par un ensemble d’acteurs organisationnels, interrogent sur leur contenu, sur les raisons de leur émission et sur le profil des personnes qui les ont exprimés. Cette recherche sociologique, dont l’objectif est de mettre en évidence la diversité de cette problématique noire, repose sur une enquête de terrain menée sur cinq organisations ayant alimenté cette question et dont l’objectif était d’amener leurs revendications sur le terrain politique. Désignées comme noires, ces organisations, par leur auto-définition et par leurs discours, révèlent l’absence d’unification autour d’une « conscience noire » commune réfutant alors toute idée d’unité de la « question noire ». Les facteurs et les conflits qui opposent notamment les différentes mémoires noires, selon qu’elles concernent les Antillais ou les migrants africains, témoignent de l’existence de plusieurs questions noires. Ces mémoires sont différemment construites et valorisées selon les demandes et les critiques sociales émises par chacun des collectifs. De même, ces derniers, n’aspirant pas à représenter la même population selon qu’ils se revendiquent Antillais, Noirs, Africains ou descendants d’esclaves et de colonisés, combinent et hiérarchisent à leur manière des logiques d’action à partir de leur propre expérience sociale. Deux observations complètent alors cette étude : d’une part le hiatus qui s’est cristallisé entre ces collectivités militantes et les populations noires qu’elles affirment représenter, d’autre part la transformation de l’imaginaire national français qui est interrogé sur sa capacité à intégrer les spécificités propres aux populations noires françaises qui affectent le récit républicain national. / In 2005, a black consciousness arise from social and cultural claims reaffirming “slave memory” and discrimination in public sphere and questioning political and media-related visibility of the ones mobilised. This movement, described as the expression of “la question noire”, interrogates the protagonist’s profile and their involvement. This sociological research underlines the diversity of this question. An investigation has been carried out on five organizations with political claims and reveals the non-unification around a common black “consciousness”, disproving the idea of a “black question” unity. The different conceptions of “slave memory”, according to French carribean or Africans migrants concerns, shows several black questions reality based on different social criticism. As a consequence, a diversity of actions exists according to the social experience of these groups. Finally, the study reveals two tendencies. Firstly, the presence of a hiatus between these activist groups and black populations they consider that they represent. Secondly, the transformation of French national imaginary and the reassessment of its capacity to integrate black French populations.

This thesis explores the symmetry between theatres and museums, and investigates how a museum experience is similar to a theatrical event. Particularly, this project examines how the Canadian War Museum performs historical narrative through its use of three performative elements of a theatre production: space, objects and actor’s body. Firstly, this thesis analyses how creating a historical narrative is similar to fiction writing and play writing. It follows the argument of Hayden White and Michel de Certeau who recognize a historical narrative as a performative act. Accordingly, this thesis examines the First World War exhibit at the Canadian War Museum as a space of performance. I apply Lubomír Doležel’s literary theory on possible worlds, illustrating how a museum space can create unique characteristics of a possible world of fiction and of history. Secondly, this thesis employs Marie-Laure Ryan’s theory of narrativity to discuss how museum objects construct and perform their stories. I argue that the objects in museums are presented to the public in a state of museality similar to the condition of theatricality in a theatre performance. Lastly, this thesis investigates the performance of people by applying various theories of performance, such as Michael Kirby’s non-acting/acting continuum, Jiří Veltruský’s concept of the stage figure, and Freddie Rokem’s theories of actors as “hyper-historians.” In this way, this thesis explores concrete case studies of employee/visitor interactions and expands on how these communications transform the people within the walls of the museum into performers of historical narrative. Moreover, according to Antoine Prost, the museum as an institution is an educational and cultural authority. As a result, in all of these performative situations, the Canadian War Museum presents a historical narrative to its visitors with which it can help shape a sense of national identity, the events Canadians choose to commemorate and their personal and/or collective memories. In its interdisciplinary scope, this thesis calls upon theories from a variety of academic fields, such as performance studies, history and cultural studies, museology, and literary studies. Most importantly, however, this project offers a new perspective on the performative potentials of a national history museum.