Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1993. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [139]-151).

Thesis (M.Env.Dev.) - University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2010. / Full text also available online. Scroll down for electronic link.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Deakin University, 2004. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Aug. 23, 2005). Appendix 19 (p. 297-313): Attitudes and perceptions of land managers and owners in the Grassy Box Woodlands Conservation Management Network : a draft confidential report for the New South Wales National Parks & Wildlife Service. 2002. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

Wilderness is an important Issue in British Columbia. The government of British Columbia deemed it necessary to establish a Wilderness Advisory Committee in 1985 to review and report on the place of wilderness in society in the province. Recently, the media have highlighted the controversy and confrontation over several areas in British Columbia on the issue of preservation versus development. This issue continues to stimulate public debate. This study surveys four groups of subjects in British Columbia in order to assess and compare their wilderness psychological dimensions. These four groups, chosen for their hypothesized range of wilderness viewpoints, are members of the Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society (CPAWS), wilderness users, wilderness managers, and members of the general public. The methodological tool used in this research was a mall survey sent or distributed to these four groups of subjects. The wilderness psychological dimensions of these groups were divided into three categories: the personal, the societal, and the environmental. The personal psychological dimension is the individual's perceived locus of control with respect to wilderness which was assessed by an Internal-External Wilderness Scale. The societal psychological dimension is the individual's perceptions, attitudes, values, and beliefs with respect to whether humans should control nature and wilderness. This dimension was assessed by a Wilderness Environmental Protection Scale. The environmental concern dimension was assessed by a Conservation Scale which contains statements on pollution and natural resources, two key indicators of environmental concern. In addition to the above assessments, the associations between the psychological dimensions and other subject variables categorized as wilderness views and use, socioeconomic characteristics, and wilderness managers’ positions and opinions were also investigated. The results of these studies indicate statistically significant differences among the four study groups on each of the three psychological scales. In terms of paired group differences on the Internal-External Wilderness Scale, four pairs of study groups were significantly different. The four paired groups were: wilderness users and members of the general public, members of the general public and CPAWS members, members of the general public and wilderness managers, and CPAWS members and wilderness managers. All pairs of study groups were significantly different on the Wilderness Environmental Protection Scale and the Conservation Scale, with the exception of the study group pair of members of the general public and wilderness managers on the Conservation Scale. Certain wilderness views and use variables (a need for more designated wilderness areas, being a member of a recreation organization, and total number of memberships in recreation organizations), socioeconomic characteristics variables (education level, age, and employment status), and wilderness managers' positions and opinions variables (inadequacy of current wilderness legislation, income, and training) showed statistically significant relationships to the psychological dimensions. On the basis of the results of this research, a conceptual and theoretical framework for the psychological dimensions of wilderness was developed. The Wilderness Environmental Protection Scale and the Conservation Scale can be conceptualized as measuring a care dimension with respect to wilderness, while the Internal-External Wilderness Scale can be conceptualized as measuring a control dimension with respect to wilderness. Within this framework, all four study groups can be classified as having both a high control and a high care view of wilderness. A Wilderness Paradigm is presented which treats the psychological interpretation of wilderness as a function of these two dimensions, A strong endorsement of this Wilderness Paradigm indicates a deep respect for and positive valuing of wilderness. The better understanding of the psychological dimensions of wilderness provided by this research could help to resolve some of the conflicts over wilderness in British Columbia. / Graduate

This thesis analyses a problem that is common in planning for conservacy areas — the problem of the meeting dual and contradictory objectives of preserving natural areas that must also be used for recreation. Where one objective excludes the other, a compromise must be reached. Previous experience in North America has shown that it is not easy to reconcile the two functions. A case study approach is used in the thesis. The study area, Boundary Bay, is an important waterfowl and shore-bird habitat. The Bay also has the potential to serve many recreational needs close to an urban area, Greater Vancouver. The role of Boundary Bay, including Mud and Semiahmoo Bays, and their shorelands in the ecology of wildlife species is analysed using census and food chain data. Information collected for an inventory of regional recreation suggests which recreation needs might be satisfied at Boundary Bay. Guidelines are developed for integration of human activity and wildlife habitat, based on anticipated recreational use of the Bay. Data from four public meetings in Surrey points to the existence of some concern on the part of Bay area residents about the implications of conservacy use of the Bay. Suggestions for further investigation or resolution of these conflicts are made. The issues involved in planning Boundary Bay are complex ones because of the number of interests involved. There is no "right" way of proceeding. Four scenarios are developed to illustrate alternative means of applying resource management guidelines and measures for resolution of conflicts to the study area. Each alternative requires a different level and type of management with different implications for long term reconciliation of use with preservation. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Ho, Yun Chi Maggie. / "December 2010." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-231). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; some appendixes also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xiii / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xviii / NOTATION --- p.xix / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Significance --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Objectives --- p.4 / Chapter 1.4 --- Conceptual framework of study --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- Definition of terms --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- Indigenous community and nature reserves --- p.12 / Chapter 2.4 --- Opportunities of cooperating with indigenous community in conservation --- p.15 / Chapter 2.5 --- Incorporating indigenous knowledge --- p.18 / Chapter 2.6 --- Sacred natural sites as traditional conserved areas --- p.21 / Chapter 2.7 --- Challenges --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Erosion of traditions --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Coordination between indigenous population and conservationists --- p.31 / Chapter 2.8 --- International trend --- p.33 / Chapter 2.9 --- Local experiences in nature conservation --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Legislative framework --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Types of Protected Areas (PAs) --- p.37 / Chapter 2.9.3 --- Community involvement --- p.41 / Chapter 2.9.4 --- Privately owned land. --- p.43 / Chapter 2.10 --- Summary --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2 --- Research framework --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3 --- Data collection --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Analytical approach --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Importance-performance analysis --- p.51 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Participation level assessment --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Background of Study Sites --- p.60 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2 --- Background information on Long Valley --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Geographical settings --- p.60 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Demographic information --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Cultural heritages --- p.63 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Agricultural history --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Avifauna diversity --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3 --- Background information on Fung Yuen --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Geographical settings --- p.69 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Demographic information --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Biodiversity --- p.73 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Roles of Stakeholders --- p.78 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction : --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2 --- Current management framework : --- p.78 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Role of government --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Role of NGOs --- p.86 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Role of local community --- p.97 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Role of private sector --- p.98 / Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.99 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Community participation level assessment --- p.102 / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2 --- Community participation on the two sites --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Long Valley --- p.103 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Fung Yuen --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Summary --- p.125 / Chapter 6.3 --- Motivation for participation --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Long Valley --- p.126 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Fung Yuen --- p.128 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Summary --- p.129 / Chapter 6.4 --- Identifying participation level --- p.130 / Chapter 6.5 --- Suggestions for improvement --- p.134 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Structure --- p.135 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Conservation --- p.139 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- Ecotourism --- p.144 / Chapter 6.6 --- Summary --- p.147 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- Performance of MA scheme --- p.150 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction : --- p.150 / Chapter 7.2 --- Public perception --- p.150 / Chapter 7.3 --- NGOs´ة staffs --- p.160 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Involvement of locals --- p.162 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Management --- p.167 / Chapter 7.4 --- Summary --- p.172 / Chapter Chapter 8 --- Sustainable ma framework --- p.175 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.175 / Chapter 8.2 --- Current situation --- p.175 / Chapter 8.3 --- Challenges --- p.178 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- Interest of landlords --- p.178 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- Bureaucratic problem --- p.180 / Chapter 8.3.3 --- Inadequate institutional support --- p.183 / Chapter 8.3.4 --- Development pressure --- p.185 / Chapter 8.3.5 --- Absence of ecological baseline data --- p.187 / Chapter 8.3.6 --- Rapid change of personnel --- p.188 / Chapter 8.4 --- Opportunities --- p.189 / Chapter 8.4.1 --- Adaptive management --- p.189 / Chapter 8.4.2 --- Community participation --- p.191 / Chapter 8.4.3 --- Trust fund --- p.192 / Chapter 8.5 --- Summary and suggestions for improvement --- p.194 / Chapter Chapter 9 --- Conclusion --- p.199 / Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.199 / Chapter 9.2 --- Summary of findings --- p.200 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Roles of stakeholders --- p.200 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Community participation level --- p.202 / Chapter 9.2.3 --- Performance of MA --- p.204 / Chapter 9.2.4 --- Suggestions for improvement --- p.206 / Chapter 9.3 --- Limitations of the study --- p.208 / Chapter 9.4 --- Suggestions for future study --- p.209 / Bibliography --- p.211 / Appendices --- p.232

published_or_final_version / Architecture / Master / Master of Architecture

Social and environmental problems have never been so evident as today. Ways of using, and even appropriation of resources and/or natural assets have been questioned and analyzed nowadays. The creation of protected natural areas has become a precautionary measure and also normative in order to provide future generations the right to use these resources / assets. Thus, this analysis aims to ponder over the perceptions and practices of residents, visitors and managers in respect to Cajueiro Mountain Range, Itabaiana, Sergipe. This research is embedded in the whole of the National Park of Sierra Itabaiana. The descriptive exploratory research investigates the perceptions and practices of individuals related to the Serra do Cajueiro, rise the elements of perceived Serra, identify conservation practices in relation to it and assess whether Cajueiro is considered an asset for those who use it. The interdisciplinary nature of this research is done through the joints involving the fields that pass by the various disciplines related to the social, environmental, cultural, spatial and political. For data collection in the field research, it was used the techniques of passive observation and semi-structured interviews. The instruments used were mental maps and interviews in the formal and informal ambit. Information was worked using the content analysis and the mental maps were tabulated and analyzed taking into consideration the natural elements, constructed and human. The results showed that perceptions of residents and visitors do not converge with the practices, but for the residents, these routine practices establish a functional linkl and/or symbolic, configurating the Serra do Cajueiro as foundational to build the life history of those who use it in their daily lives. For visitors Serra is considered an asset from the perspective of the process of bureaucratization in which it is inserted. / Os problemas de cunho socioambiental nunca estiveram tão evidentes como na atualidade. As formas de uso, utilização e até mesmo de apropriação dos recursos e/ou bens naturais vêm sendo questionadas e analisadas na contemporaneidade. A criação de áreas naturais protegidas tornou-se uma medida cautelar e ao mesmo tempo normativa de proporcionar às gerações futuras o direito a usufruir desses recursos/bens. Nesse sentido, esta análise busca a reflexão sobre as percepções e as práticas dos moradores, visitantes e gestores em relação a Serra do Cajueiro, Itabaiana, Sergipe. Esta está inserida no conjunto do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana. A pesquisa de caráter exploratório descritivo buscou analisar as percepções e as práticas dos sujeitos que se relacionam com a Serra do Cajueiro, levantar os elementos da Serra percebidos, identificar práticas de conservação em relação a mesma e avaliar se a Serra do Cajueiro é considerada um patrimônio por aqueles que se utilizam dela. A interdisciplinaridade desta pesquisa dá-se através das articulações envolvendo os campos que perpassam as diferentes disciplinas relacionadas ao contexto social, ambiental, cultural, espacial e político. Para coleta de dados em campo utilizou-se as técnicas da observação participativa passiva e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram os mapas mentais e os roteiros de entrevistas, em âmbito formal e informal. As informações foram trabalhadas utilizando-se da analise de conteúdo e os mapas mentais foram tabulados e analisados levando-se em consideração os elementos naturais, construídos e humanos. Os resultados apresentaram que as percepções dos moradores e visitantes não convergem com as práticas, no entanto para os moradores essas práticas rotineiras estabelecem um vinculo funcional e/ou simbólico, configurando a Serra do Cajueiro como bem fundante para construção da história de vida dos que utilizam-na em seu cotidiano. Para os visitantes a Serra é considerada um bem sob a perspectiva do processo de burocratização no qual a mesma se insere.

É possível identificar os benefícios socioeconômicos promovidos pela conservação da biodiversidade através dos serviços ambientais que uma Unidade de Conservação pode prover. É exequível traduzi-los em valores econômicos e assim demonstrar, quantitativamente, o papel significativo dessas áreas naturais protegidas. A literatura especializada em Economia do Meio Ambiente aponta a contribuição da valoração econômica ambiental para a formulação de políticas públicas responsivas à essas áreas naturais protegidas, quando os atores envolvidos em um processo decisório detêm informações sobre os bens e serviços ambientais que essas áreas oferecem à sociedade. Neste âmbito, as Unidades de Conservação podem ser consideradas peças-chaves para promover os estudos de valoração econômica ambiental, tais estudos podem contribuir com aportes a uma percepção social sobre a prioridade de criar medidas relacionadas à conservação dos benefícios ambientais contidos nessas áreas. Desse modo, o presente trabalho objetivou apresentar um panorama das iniciativas voltadas para a valoração econômica ambiental em Unidades de Conservação no contexto brasileiro, com ênfase para o Estado de São Paulo. A fim de alcançar este objetivo foram analisadas: i) a inserção da valoração econômica ambiental na agenda de pesquisa sobre as Unidades de Conservação brasileiras e ii) a inserção da valoração econômica ambiental nos Planos de Manejo das Unidades de Conservação estaduais de São Paulo. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento das publicações acadêmicas brasileiras sobre a temática, a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática e da análise qualitativa documental, com base na consulta dos Planos de Manejo das Unidades de Conservação estaduais de São Paulo, assim como, entrevistas com atores e instituições responsáveis pela gerência dessas áreas. O resultado permite traçar um panorama geral sobre a agenda de pesquisa, assim como, a inserção desta temática nos Planos de Manejo das Unidades de Conservação paulistas. Foi possível identificar a incipiência das iniciativas voltadas para a valoração econômica ambiental em Unidades de Conservação em ambos contextos. Em relação à agenda de pesquisa brasileira foi possível revelar a preferência da adoção metodológica de valoração advinda do mainstream neoclássico, assim como a disparidade dos estudos entre as categorias de manejo das Unidades de Conservação e entre os biomas brasileiros, prevalecendo aqueles considerados hotspots mundiais de biodiversidade. No planejamento das Unidades de Conservação paulistas, verificou-se um número ínfimo de Planos de Manejo que fazem menção à valoração econômica ambiental, além disso, não foi identificada nenhuma proposta metodológica para a implementação de programas ou projetos relacionados ao tema nessas áreas naturais protegidas. Ademais, não foi identificada uma ascensão da temática ao longo dos períodos analisados, tanto na agenda de pesquisa brasileira quanto nos Planos de Manejo das UCs estaduais de São Paulo. / The benefits of biodiversity conservation can be identified through the ecosystem services that a protected area may provide. It is feasible to translate such benefits into economic values and thus, demonstrate quantitatively the significant role of these protected natural areas. Economics of the Environment\'s literature points out the economic valuation of the environmental contribution to the formulation of responsive public policies for these protected natural areas when the involved actors in a decision-making process hold information about the environmental goods and services that these areas provide to the society. In this context, the protected areas can be considered key pieces to promote the studies of environmental economic valuation, which may contribute to a social perception about the priority of creating measures related to the conservation of the environmental benefits contained in these areas. Hence, this study aimed to present an overview of initiatives focused on environmental economic valuation of protected areas in the Brazilian\'s context with emphasis on the State of São Paulo. In order to achieve this goal these items were analyzed: i) the incorporation of environmental economic valuation on the research agenda on Brazilian protected areas and ii) the inclusion of environmental economic valuation in state management plans of protected areas of São Paulo. For the sake of this objective, we conducted a survey of Brazilian academic publications on the subject relying on a systematic literature review and documentary qualitative analysis, counting on the consultation of management plans of protected São Paulo\'s state areas, as well as interviews with actors and institutions responsible for the management of these areas. The result allows us to draw an overview of the research agenda as well as the inclusion of this issue in the Management Plans of Sao Paulo protected areas. It was possible to identify the incipient initiatives focused on environmental economic valuation of protected areas in both contexts. Regarding the Brazilian research agenda was possible to reveal the preference of adoption of methodological arising valuation of the neoclassical mainstream, as well as the gap between studies of the categories of management of protected areas, among biomes, prevailing those considered the world\'s biodiversity hotspots. In the of Sao Paulo protected areas, there was a very small number of Management Plans that make mention of environmental economic valuation, moreover, did not identify any methodological proposal for the implementation of programs or projects related to the theme in these protected natural areas. Moreover, it has no obvious rise of the theme over the period analyzed, both on the Brazilian research agenda and in the Management Plans of the state of São Paulo UCs.