The purpose of my thesis was to elaborate the regional and geographical analysis of the population of Vysočina region. At the beginning of the thesis the long-term development of the population in the area of the Czech republic and Vysočina region nowadays is outlined. Then new trends in the development of the population in the period of transformation are characterized. In the following part the regional differences in the movement of the population of Vysočina region since 1991 are put down. The development of the natural movement of the population, numbers of abortions, marriages and divorces, migration, development and the overall movement of inhabitants are monitored. At the end the changes of selected structures of the population of Vysočina region between SLDB 1991 and 2001 are taken down. The biological structures (inhabitants according to sex and age), economic activities and chosen cultural signs (inhabitants in accordance with education, religion and nationality) are compared. The territory of the religion is judged as a whole with respect to the development of the whole republic, and then the particular districts and the districts of administrations of the municipality with extended competence are compared.

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of demographic indicators and their development for the member states of the current European Union. The work is thematically divided into four chapters. The first chapter is mostly theoretically defined, for the purpose of explanation of all basic concepts. The second chapter shows us where Europe currently stands in terms of demographics. The third chapter is focused on defining the consequences of natural movement. The last chapter offers an analysis of a survey, in which total of 453 respondents from ten countries from allover Europe have participaded. There is no doubt, that the aging of population will have extensive social and economic soconsequences for Europe. On the other hand, we musn't forget that it is also an indicator of social and economic development, and therefore we should not be limited to perceive it only in a negative way.

Le présent travail de thèse propose une édition critique, une traduction et un commentaire des livres III et IV du traité aristotélicien Du ciel. La réalisation d’un stemma à partir d’une étude systématique des relations généalogiques des soixante manuscrits byzantins et des sources de la tradition indirecte a conduit à la sélection de dix manuscrits indépendants dont les variantes permettent enfin de reconstituer fidèlement les deux familles qui structurent la tradition textuelle du traité. L’apparat critique a été complété par l’ajout systématique des leçons transmises par le commentaire de Simplicius et le modèle perdu de la traduction de Guillaume de Moerbeke, ainsi que dans les occurrences les plus significatives, des leçons de la traduction arabe. Ces recherches construisent une base textuelle neuve pour l’interprétation du traité. On se propose de référer l’unité du De caelo non à un objet d’étude supposé (comme le monde ou le mouvement naturel) mais à un débat engagé contre le Timée sur la conception des principes et de l’explication. Cette perspective produit un principe d’articulation nouveau entre les textes et en particulier entre les livres III et IV. Dans le livre III, qui s’inscrit dans un geste résolument anti-platonicien dans la tradition physique du Περὶ φύσεως, la recherche d’éléments immanents au sensible se révèle aporétique et ne conduit qu’à une doxographie négative. Le livre IV surmonte incidemment la difficulté de normer la matière sans recourir à un principe transcendant en définissant les corps élémentaires par un mouvement naturel, qui permet en fin de compte d’inscrire tous les éléments dans un système topique. / This work proposes a critical edition, a French translation, an introduction and a commentary of books III and IV of Aristotle’s treatise On the heavens. We construct a stemma codicum through a systematic study of the genetic relationships of the sixty extant manuscripts from Byzantium combined with sources of indirect tradition. This in turn allows to select ten independent witnesses whose variants structure the transmission lineage of the treatise along two families. We augment the apparatus criticus with all variant readings transmitted through Simplicius’ commentary and the lost source of William of Moerbeke’s translation, as well as the most relevant ones from the Arabic translation. This results in a new text, which provides a more reliable basis for the philosophical analysis. We then propose a reading of the treatise as a systematic response to Plato’s Timaeus rather than a study of the world or of natural motion. The perspective that the very definition of scientific explanation is at issue makes it easier to account for the scope and unity of the whole treatise, particularly of books III and IV. Book III can be understood as a polemical endeavor to look for sensible principles, reviving the Presocratic tradition of the Περὶ φύσεως, which does not reach resolution but merely results in a critical doxography. On the other hand, book IV finds a way to qualify matter without resorting to an external principle: instead, elemental bodies are defined by a proper natural movement. This makes them all part of a topical system, from which they cannot be isolated.

This master thesis presents a machine learning framework for real-time gesture and skeleton-based action recognition, integrated with the Unity game engine. The system aims to enhance human-computer interaction (HCI) in gaming and 3D related applications through natural movement recognition, by training a model on skeleton tracking data. The framework is trained to accurately categorize and identify gestures such as kicks and punches, enabling a more immersive gaming experience not existing in traditional controllers. After studying the evolution of HCI and how machine learning has transformed and reshaped the interaction paradigm, the prototype system is built through data collection, augmenting, and preprocessing, followed by training and evaluating a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network model for gesture classification. The model is integrated into Unity via Unity Sentis using Open Neural Network Exchange (ONNX) format, enabling efficient real-time action recognition in 3D space. Each component of the pipeline is available and adaptable for future custom- ization and needs, skeleton tracking and Unity integration is built using the ZED 2i camera and ZED SDK. Experimental results demonstrate that the system presented can achieve over 90% accuracy in identifying predefined gestures. As a bridging solution tailored for Unity, this framework offers a practical solution to action recognition that could be found useful in future applications. This work contributes to advancing human-computer interaction and offers a foundation for further development in gesture-based Unity game design.