Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alberto Marques de Sousa.pdf: 615342 bytes, checksum: cdad8c12f8e059db71b1df71dae1d094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-28 / The argumentative strategy of Jürgen Habermas against liberal eugenics has provoked many different reactions among several thinkers, establishing important debates and discussions among those who advocate greater control of scientific research and those who plead for greater freedom of action with regard to the intervention of human nature. Our search in this work, in the light of the philosophy of science and its advancements, walks toward understanding these debates and discussions, as well as the understanding of the reality of genetic research and its application today, that leads to the creation of a new religion, the eugenic religion of beings. Habermas in his work Die Zukunft of menschlichen Natur brings us to the realization that eugenics is still ongoing, but in new clothes and old arguments that put this question in the center of the debate of science and also of the Religious Sciences. While in the past the eugenic project distinguished people by their race, intellectual development and skills to practical activities, today's proposal of liberal eugenics is free to choose the opportunity to maximize the control of the individuals capabilities with a dialogue grounded in utilitarian philosophy, specifically the gain of quality of life, which is increasing pleasure and decreasing pain / A estratégia argumentativa de Jürgen Habermas contra a eugenia liberal tem provocado em muitos pensadores diferentes reações, estabelecendo importantes debates e discussões entre os que defendem um maior controle da pesquisa científica e os que pleiteiam por maior liberdade de ação no que se refere à intervenção da natureza humana. A nossa busca neste trabalho, à luz da filosofia da ciência e dos seus avanços, caminha em direção à compreensão desses debates e discussões, bem como à compreensão da realidade da pesquisa genética e sua aplicação hoje, a ponto de criar uma nova religião, a religião dos seres eugênicos. Habermas em sua obra Die Zukunft de menschlichen Natur nos leva à percepção de que a eugenia continua em curso, mas em novas vestes e com antigos argumentos que recolocam essa questão no centro do debate da ciência e também das Ciências da Religião. Enquanto que no passado o projeto eugênico distinguia as pessoas através de sua raça, formação intelectual e capacidades para atividades práticas, hoje a proposta da eugenia liberal é escolher livremente as possibilidades e potencializar ao máximo as capacidades dos indivíduos com um discurso ancorado na filosofia utilitarista, especificamente no ganho de qualidade de vida que é o aumento do prazer e a diminuição da dor

Tout comme les grottes-sanctuaires, les bois sacrés et d’autres sanctuaires naturels, les lacs sacrés s’intègrent dans les paysages religieux des provinces romaines. Depuis la Renaissance, les sources textuelles faisant référence à la sacralité des lacs ont largement retenu l’attention contribuant à nourrir tout un imaginaire autour de ce thème. Ce travail, fondé sur les sources documentaires existantes, principalement archéologiques et historiques, vise à analyser et définir les rapports entre les lacs et le religieux dans le monde romain en distinguant ce qui relève de la réalité ou du fantasme. Avant tout centrée sur les provinces des Gaules de la fin du IIe s. av. J.-C. au Ve s. ap. J.-C., cette recherche est étendue à l’ensemble du monde romain dans une perspective comparative. Après avoir défini le lac et décrit ses caractéristiques morphologiques, l’analyse et le croisement des données permettent d’approfondir la connaissance des lieux de culte lacustres et des représentations qui s’y rattachent. Ces étendues d’eau, souvent présentes dans des contextes topographiques accidentés, ont été regardées comme sacrées en raison de caractéristiques spécifiques qui étaient considérées comme la marque de la présence du divin (profondeur, couleur, circularité/centralité, îles flottantes, variations de niveau). Ces croyances ont conditionné la fréquentation de ces lacs, ainsi que l’ensemble des aménagements et des pratiques rituelles dont ils ont été le cadre. Réceptacles de nombreux éléments matériels, c’est à partir de ces derniers reliefs que l’archéologue est en mesure d’identifier ces sanctuaires lacustres. / Like cave-sanctuary, holy woods and other natural shrines, sacred lakes were part of the sacred landscapes of the Roman provinces. Since the Renaissance, textual sources referring to the sacrality of lakes have widely attracted attention, fuelling a whole imaginary. This work, based on archaeological and historical sources, aims to analyse and define the relationship between lakes and the religious in the Roman world by distinguishing between reality and fantasy. Mainly centred on the provinces of Gaul between the end of the second century BCE and the fifth century CE, this research extends to the whole Roman world in a comparative perspective. After defining the lake and describing its morphological characteristics, the analysis and cross-analysis of data allow to deepen our knowledge about these lacustrine shrines and the representations attached to them. These bodies of water, often found in uneven terrain, were regarded as sacred due to specific characteristics construed as the sign of a divine presence (depth, colour, circularity/centrality, floating islands, level changing). These beliefs conditioned attendance at the lakes, as well as installations and ritual practices. Such lacustrine shrines left numerous artefacts, that now allow the archaeologist to identify them.

In this dissertation we seized less conspicuous attractions which are situated in the choice locations of Tábor landscape. We endeavoured to discover other possibilities of utilization of the chosen destination, despite our initial impression that the destination was fully used. The most important task of this thesis was to analyze natural, historical and natural interests of this region. After detailed research/analyzes/discussions we discovered that there are a lot of ``hidden{\crq}q attractions in the locality. These attractions deserve their renewal and more attention from their visitors. On the base of information were created suggestions and recommendations for development of this destination.