Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 biazzi_f_me_botfm.pdf: 253462 bytes, checksum: 8f439a3313345b5ea5641c6b9317256c (MD5) / O surgimento do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) revolucionou o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes portadores do câncer de próstata (CaP). O limite da normalidade do PSA esta sendo modificado em virtude de um quarto dos CaP serem diagnosticados com PSA menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml melhorando o tratamento em virtude do diagnóstico precoce. Estudo retrospectivo com 300 pacientes que foram submetidos ao exame digital da próstata (EDP), PSA e biópsia prostática dirigida pelo ultrassom transretal, com a retirada mínima de 6 fragmentos, em três níveis de PSA, menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, que foram subdivididos conforme os níveis séricos do PSA: menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, entre 4,01 e 10,0 ng/ml e acima de 10,0 ng/ml que compunham respectivamente os grupos 1, 2 e 3.O número e porcentagem de pacientes submetidos a biópsia prostática nos grupos 1, 2, 3 foram 58 (19,3%), 150 (50%) e 92 (30,7%). A taxa de detecção para CaP foi de 32% (96). A taxa de detecção nos G1, G2 e G3 foi 27,6%, 25,3% e 45,6% respectivamente, evidenciando maior positividade no grupo 3 (p=0,003). A idade média nos grupos foi 61±6,5, 64±8,0, 69±9,0 anos com G1,G2<G3 (p < 0,001). O EDP foi normal em 48,7% dos pacientes e em 48,3% (G1), 58% (G2) e (G3) 33,7%, apresentando diferença estatística entre os grupos (p < 0,001). A proporção de fragmentos positivos foi superior no G1 em relação ao G2 (34,5 a 22,7%) mas inferior ao G3 (53,1%). O volume prostático foi menor no G1 (28 cm3) em relação aos demais grupos. Quanto ao escore de Gleason na biópsia, no espécime e no estádio patológico os grupos 1 e 2 foram semelhantes. As principais indicações de biópsia para o G1 foram: EDP alterado: (n= 33) 57%; PSA em elevação isolado (n=19) 32,8%; PSA em elevação e EDP alterado (n= 5) 8,6%; PSA em elevação e relação PSA livre por PSA total menor que 15% (n= 4)... / Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) changes the diagnoses, treatment, prognoses and follow-up of prostate cancer (PC). PSA cut-off has been changed due to many patients with PSA lower than 4,0 ng/ml will present a probability of 25% chance to have PC. In these cases, the treatment is favorable because of the early diagnosis. Characterize the main pathological and clinical aspects of patients with PSA lower than 4,0 ng/ml submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy guided by ultrasound. In an observational retrospective study, 300 patients were submitted to digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA serum dosage and transrectal prostate biopsy guided by ultrasound. At least six cores in three PSA levels were performed: lower than 4,0 ng/ml, 4,01 to 10,0 ng/ml, higher than 10,01ng/ml which were groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The patients number and percentage submitted to prostatic biopsy in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 58 (19,3%), 150 (50%) e 92 (30,7%). Detection PC rate was 32% (96). Detection PC rate in G1, G2 and G3 was 27,6%, 25,3% and 45,6%, respectively. The age average was 61±6,5, 64±8,0, 69±9,0 years-old with G1,G2<G3 (p < 0,001). The positive cores were higher in G1 than in G2. DRE was normal in 48.7% of all the patients and in 48,3% (G1), 58% (G2) e (G3) 33,7% (p< 0,001). G1 prostate volume was smaller than the others. Prostate biopsy, specimen Gleason Score and the pathological stage were similar between G1 and G2. The main indications for prostate biopsy in G1 were: abnormal DRE (33) 57%; velocity PSA (19) 32,8%; velocity PSA and abnormal DRE (5) 8,6%; velocity PSA and relation of free PSA by total PSA (fPSA/tPSA) less than 15% (4) 6,8%; fPSA/tPSA alone (1) 1,7%; Abnormal DRE and fPSA/tPSA less than 15% (1) 1,7%; Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) (1) 1,7%.The main indication for malignancy positivity were abnormal DRE ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. Uppsala : Univ., 2003.

Orientador: Carlos Márcio Nóbrega de Jesus / Banca: José Carlos Souza Trindade Filho / Banca: Fabiano André Simões / Resumo: O surgimento do antígeno prostático específico (PSA) revolucionou o diagnóstico, tratamento e seguimento dos pacientes portadores do câncer de próstata (CaP). O limite da normalidade do PSA esta sendo modificado em virtude de um quarto dos CaP serem diagnosticados com PSA menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml melhorando o tratamento em virtude do diagnóstico precoce. Estudo retrospectivo com 300 pacientes que foram submetidos ao exame digital da próstata (EDP), PSA e biópsia prostática dirigida pelo ultrassom transretal, com a retirada mínima de 6 fragmentos, em três níveis de PSA, menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, que foram subdivididos conforme os níveis séricos do PSA: menor ou igual a 4,0 ng/ml, entre 4,01 e 10,0 ng/ml e acima de 10,0 ng/ml que compunham respectivamente os grupos 1, 2 e 3.O número e porcentagem de pacientes submetidos a biópsia prostática nos grupos 1, 2, 3 foram 58 (19,3%), 150 (50%) e 92 (30,7%). A taxa de detecção para CaP foi de 32% (96). A taxa de detecção nos G1, G2 e G3 foi 27,6%, 25,3% e 45,6% respectivamente, evidenciando maior positividade no grupo 3 (p=0,003). A idade média nos grupos foi 61±6,5, 64±8,0, 69±9,0 anos com G1,G2<G3 (p < 0,001). O EDP foi normal em 48,7% dos pacientes e em 48,3% (G1), 58% (G2) e (G3) 33,7%, apresentando diferença estatística entre os grupos (p < 0,001). A proporção de fragmentos positivos foi superior no G1 em relação ao G2 (34,5 a 22,7%) mas inferior ao G3 (53,1%). O volume prostático foi menor no G1 (28 cm3) em relação aos demais grupos. Quanto ao escore de Gleason na biópsia, no espécime e no estádio patológico os grupos 1 e 2 foram semelhantes. As principais indicações de biópsia para o G1 foram: EDP alterado: (n= 33) 57%; PSA em elevação isolado (n=19) 32,8%; PSA em elevação e EDP alterado (n= 5) 8,6%; PSA em elevação e relação PSA livre por PSA total menor que 15% (n= 4) ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) changes the diagnoses, treatment, prognoses and follow-up of prostate cancer (PC). PSA cut-off has been changed due to many patients with PSA lower than 4,0 ng/ml will present a probability of 25% chance to have PC. In these cases, the treatment is favorable because of the early diagnosis. Characterize the main pathological and clinical aspects of patients with PSA lower than 4,0 ng/ml submitted to transrectal prostate biopsy guided by ultrasound. In an observational retrospective study, 300 patients were submitted to digital rectal exam (DRE), PSA serum dosage and transrectal prostate biopsy guided by ultrasound. At least six cores in three PSA levels were performed: lower than 4,0 ng/ml, 4,01 to 10,0 ng/ml, higher than 10,01ng/ml which were groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The patients number and percentage submitted to prostatic biopsy in groups 1, 2 and 3 were 58 (19,3%), 150 (50%) e 92 (30,7%). Detection PC rate was 32% (96). Detection PC rate in G1, G2 and G3 was 27,6%, 25,3% and 45,6%, respectively. The age average was 61±6,5, 64±8,0, 69±9,0 years-old with G1,G2<G3 (p < 0,001). The positive cores were higher in G1 than in G2. DRE was normal in 48.7% of all the patients and in 48,3% (G1), 58% (G2) e (G3) 33,7% (p< 0,001). G1 prostate volume was smaller than the others. Prostate biopsy, specimen Gleason Score and the pathological stage were similar between G1 and G2. The main indications for prostate biopsy in G1 were: abnormal DRE (33) 57%; velocity PSA (19) 32,8%; velocity PSA and abnormal DRE (5) 8,6%; velocity PSA and relation of free PSA by total PSA (fPSA/tPSA) less than 15% (4) 6,8%; fPSA/tPSA alone (1) 1,7%; Abnormal DRE and fPSA/tPSA less than 15% (1) 1,7%; Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) (1) 1,7%.The main indication for malignancy positivity were abnormal DRE ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

There is growing appreciation of the potential for high intensity interval training (HIT) to rapidly stimulate metabolic adaptations that resemble traditional endurance training, despite a low total exercise volume. However, much of the work has been conducted on young active individuals and the results may not be applicable to older, less active populations. In addition, many studies have employed "all out", variable-load exercise interventions (e.g., repeated Wingate Tests) that may not be safe, practical or well tolerated by certain individuals. We determined the effect of a short program of low-volume, submaximal, constant-load HIT on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and insulin sensitivity in sedentary middle-aged individuals who may be at higher risk for inactivity-related chronic diseases. Sedentary but otherwise healthy men (n=3) and women (n=4) with a mean (±SE) age, body mass index and peak oxygen uptake (VO_2peak) of 45±2 yr, 27±2 kg-m^2 and 30±1 ml·kg^-1·min^-1 were recruited. Subjects performed 6 training sessions over 2 wk, each consisting of 10 x 1 min cycling at 60% of peak power elicited during a ramp VO_2peak test (<90% of heart rate reserve) with 1 min recovery between intervals. Needle biopsy samples (v. lateralis) were obtained before training and <72 h after the final training session. Muscle oxidative capacity, as reflected by the maximal activity and protein content of citrate synthase, increased by ~20% after training, which is similar to changes previously reported after 2 wk of Wingate-based HIT in young active subjects. Insulin sensitivity, based on fasting glucose and insulin, improved by ~35% after training. These data support the notion that low-volume HIT may be a practical, time- efficient strategy to induce metabolic adaptations that reduce the risk for inactivity-related disorders in previously sedentary adults. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

計算機超聲引導針放置模擬系統近年受到醫學界密切關注。在過去十年，為應付各種需要，大量模擬系統被研發。與傳統訓練方法比較，使用計算機模擬系統作訓練擁有多種優點。例如：可控訓練環境，能重複使用的數據庫，以及客觀評核。至今，研究的主要方向依然是物理建構的模擬。雖然，更真實及更仔細的模擬系統能引發新的教學概念，系統開發的重點應該著眼於對訓練的影響。 / 本論文研究計算機超聲引導針放置模擬系統的最新發展。首先，我們會介紹計算機模擬系統的各個範疇及於醫學訓練的基本應用。使用計算機模擬系統作訓練用途的成效會被討論。然後，我們會討論幾種針對訓練成效的改進技術。這些技術包括一個動態訓練場景生成框架，綜合遊戲概念的方法，以及一種以臨床技術為本的穿刺提示規劃法則。它們對訓練的影響利用實驗作驗證。接著，我們介紹一個評核穿刺軌跡可視化技術的框架。我們的研究發現，穿刺軌跡的可視化技術對用家放置針的準確度有顯著的影響。這意味著模擬系統中穿刺軌跡的可視化技術需要經過非常小心的設計。最後，我們介紹一個超聲材質的描述器。這個描述器針對超聲材質的比較而設計。超聲材質的比較不止是在超聲模擬系統中重要的一環，更能被應用在各種醫學圖像的研究中。 / Computer-based ultrasound guided needle placement simulators have gained extensive attention of the medical society. In the last decade, a lot of simulators have been proposed to suit different purposes. Advantages of using computer-based simulators over traditional training include controlled training environment, reusable case database and objective evaluation. Yet, the most studied aspect of computer-based simulators remains the simulation of physical situations. Though a more realistic and detailed simulation enables new training concepts, the origin of any development shall be its effect on training. / This thesis studies the latest development of computer-based ultrasound guided needle placement simulators. We first introduce basic aspects of computer-based simulators and their applications on medical training. The effects on computer-based training over traditional methods are discussed. Secondly, we present various techniques that aim for effective training. These techniques include a framework for dynamic case generation, an integration of serious game concepts, and a recommendation scheme based on clinical practices. Their impacts on training are evaluated through various experiments. Thirdly, we present an evaluation framework for the visualization of needle access pathway. Our study shows that the adoption of visualization techniques significantly affects users' performance of needle alignment. This implies that a careful design of the visual effect inside a simulator is necessary. Lastly, we present a descriptor for ultrasound textures. This descriptor is designed for ultrasound textural comparison which is an important step for not only ultrasound simulators but also other medical imaging applications. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Wing Yin. / Thesis (Ph.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2014. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-114). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chan, Wing Yin.

<p>The aims of this work were to image and analyze the needle behavior at automated core biopsy, to investigate the clinical utility of an alternative core biopsy technique using a semiautomated gun in breast and axillary lesions, and also to compare core biopsy with surgical specimens in malignant breast lesions regarding histologic features and hormone receptor expression.</p><p>In two experimental studies, using butter and silicon phantoms, respectively, the needle pass was imaged and its dynamic behavior studied. It was shown that the needle took a curved course in phantoms. It deviated to the same side as where the tip lay, and the degree of the curvature increased with increasing hardness of the phantoms. Our experimental methods can be applied for imaging of needle behavior and thereby improvement of needle configuration.</p><p>In two clinical studies, a semiautomated gun was used for large needle core biopsy of breast and axillary lesions in two series of 145 and 21 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of malignancy was 87% (108/124), and in 37% (31/83) of cases the full length of the needle notch was filled with specimen. No injury to the neurovascular structures of the axillary area was observed. It was concluded that the semiautomated gun can be used as an alternative to the automated gun when the size and location of the lesion render use of the automatic device uncertain or dangerous, e.g., in small breast lesions or lesions located in the axilla.</p><p>In a series of 129 cases of breast cancer, comparison of core biopsy and surgical specimens showed that core biopsy provided enough information on the histologic type and grade of the lesions. Also, there was moderate to high concordance between the two methods for assessment of progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors (Spearman`s kappa 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).</p>

The aims of this work were to image and analyze the needle behavior at automated core biopsy, to investigate the clinical utility of an alternative core biopsy technique using a semiautomated gun in breast and axillary lesions, and also to compare core biopsy with surgical specimens in malignant breast lesions regarding histologic features and hormone receptor expression. In two experimental studies, using butter and silicon phantoms, respectively, the needle pass was imaged and its dynamic behavior studied. It was shown that the needle took a curved course in phantoms. It deviated to the same side as where the tip lay, and the degree of the curvature increased with increasing hardness of the phantoms. Our experimental methods can be applied for imaging of needle behavior and thereby improvement of needle configuration. In two clinical studies, a semiautomated gun was used for large needle core biopsy of breast and axillary lesions in two series of 145 and 21 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of malignancy was 87% (108/124), and in 37% (31/83) of cases the full length of the needle notch was filled with specimen. No injury to the neurovascular structures of the axillary area was observed. It was concluded that the semiautomated gun can be used as an alternative to the automated gun when the size and location of the lesion render use of the automatic device uncertain or dangerous, e.g., in small breast lesions or lesions located in the axilla. In a series of 129 cases of breast cancer, comparison of core biopsy and surgical specimens showed that core biopsy provided enough information on the histologic type and grade of the lesions. Also, there was moderate to high concordance between the two methods for assessment of progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors (Spearman`s kappa 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a acurácia da Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina (PAAF) em nódulos submucosos da cavidade bucal e da região de cabeça e pescoço como ferramenta auxiliar de diagnóstico. Foram selecionados 50 pacientes consecutivamente que procuraram a Clínica da Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica da FOUSP, portadores de lesões em boca e em região de cabeça e pescoço. O material obtido pela PAAF foi enviado a um mesmo patologista apenas com o diagnóstico clínico e após a emissão do laudo da PAAF o laudo do anátomo patológico era emitido servindo como padrão ouro. Após os cálculos, o resultado da sensibilidade foi de 75%, a especificidade foi de 96%, a acurácia foi de 58,8%, o valor preditivo positivo foi de 86% e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 93%. A significância foi estabelecida para 5% e o teste usado foi o teste de Kappa com valor de P<0,001 e um teste qui-quadrado, com valor de P=0,788. Pela análise dos resultados a PAAF teve uma alta sensibilidade para identificar lesões malignas, uma alta especificidade para identificar lesões benignas e uma baixa acurácia para se obter um diagnóstico definitivo. / The objectives of this present study are to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) in submucous nodules of oral cavity and nodules of head and neck region as an auxiliary tool of diagnoses. 50 patients that looked for the Clinic of the Discipline of Oral Stomatology of FOUSP were consecutively selected, carrying lesions in the oral cavity and the head and neck region. The material obtained by FNA was sent to only one pathologist with the clinical diagnosis and after the emission of FNAB report the biopsy report was emitted serving as the gold standard. After the calculation, the results of sensibility was 75%, the specificity was 96%, the accuracy was 58,8%, the positive predict value was 86% and the negative predict value was 93%. The significance was established for 5% and the tests used was Kappa with P<0,001 and a Chi-square with a P value of 0,778.With the results analysis the FNAB had a high sensibility to identify malignant lesions, a high specificity to identify benign lesions and a low accuracy to obtain final diagnoses.

Focal liver lesions are commonly encountered in clinical practice. To be able to differentiate potentially life-threatening lesions from clinically insignificant lesions, and to be able to treat them effectively are the two basic problems of a clinician who comes across such lesions. Percutaneous intervention of the liver with a needle enables a clinician to solve the above two problems in a minimally invasive manner. To date, there is a diversity of needle-related percutaneous interventional procedures that are applicable to the clinical management of patients with liver lesions, such as biopsy of focal lesions, drainage of abscesses, and ablation of tumors. Despite a reasonable safety and efficacy associated with these procedures, there are always grounds of further improvement in techniques and technology of needle-related percutaneous procedures to achieve an even better outcome. It was hypothesized that the application of needle-related interventional radiology to clinical management of focal liver lesions could be facilitated and extended with advancement and refinement in needle-related techniques and technology. This thesis was based on a series of nine studies that aimed to explore the potential of needle-related percutaneous interventions in the clinical management of focal liver lesions and to study the effect of the introduction of innovations in needle-related techniques and technology on such clinical applications. It was concluded that the hypothesis was confirmed. / Yu Chun Ho. / "April 2006." / Adviser: Anil Ahuja. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-08, Section: B, page: 5176. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-235). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / School code: 1307.