Notre thèse traite de la rétroflexion et de la corrélation double de voisement et d’aspiration tant du point de vue phonétique que phonologique. En utilisant la palatographie et la linguographie directes, nous avons montré que les coronales simples sont produites majoritairement comme des lamino-dento-alvéolaires, les affriquées comme des lamino-alvéolaires, et enfin que les rétroflexes varient entre le type cacuminal et le type rétroflexe. Les différentes modélisations phonologiques des segments coronaux ont été examinées et confrontées à nos résultats dans une perspective de phonologie de laboratoire. Renvoyant principalement au mouvement vertical de la pointe de langue, nous avons proposé un trait [rétroflexe], en tant que trait de manière rattaché au noeud coronal. L’étude de la corrélation de voisement et d’aspiration a d’abord été menée au niveau acoustique. Le modèle ACT (Mikuteit & Reetz 2007) que nous avons utilisé, nous a permis de décrire acoustiquement les quatre types d’occlusives du népali tant du point qualitatif que quantitatif. Cependant, l’ACT (After Closure Time) n’a pu être utilisé comme paramètre unique pour les distinguer alors qu’il était suffisant en bengali. Nous avons ensuite mené une étude des contraintes cooccurrencielles entre occlusives aspirées, en nous fondant sur l’analyse du dictionnaire népali en ligne de R.L. Turner (1931). Nous avons pu dégager la généralisation suivante : hormis certaines racines contenant les séquences de type /Tʰ…h/ (où Tʰ = n’importe quelle occlusive aspirée et sourde), les occlusives aspirées sont absentes des affixes et les combinaisons de racines et d’affixes contiennent au maximum une aspirée. / Our thesis deals with the retroflexion and the voicing and aspiration contrasts in Nepali from a phonological and phonetic point of view. Using palatography and linguography, we showed that dentals are mainly produced as lamino-denti-alveolar, affricates as lamino-denti-alveolar and, at last, that retroflexes vary, being either cacuminal or retroflex.Various phonological models of coronal features were examined and compared in the light of our articulatory results in a Laboratory Phonology perspective. Referring mainly to the vertical movement of the tip of the tongue, we proposed the feature [retroflex], as a manner feature attached to the coronal node. The study of the voicing and aspiration contrast was first done at the acoustical level. The ACT model (Mikuteit & Reetz 2007) provides us for a useful tool to describe acoustically the four types of stops in Nepali, from a qualitative as well as a quantitative point of view. However, ACT (After Closure time) could not be used as a single parameter to distinguish them, while it was sufficient in Bengali. Finally, we performed a study of co-occurrence constraints between aspirated stops, based on the analysis of the online Nepali dictionary of R. L. Turner. We could extract the following generalisation: except in some roots including sequences such as /Tʰ…h/ (where Tʰ= any aspirated unvoiced stops), the aspirated stops are not found in affixes and combinations of roots and affixes contain maximally one aspirated stop.

This dissertation investigates how very recent, recent, and established immigrants who use e-government service platforms in Canada experience and circumvent digital inequalities. Employing a Capabilities Approach perspective, this study focuses specifically on the challenges encountered by very recent, recent, and established Nepali immigrants to Canada in using federal-, provincial-, and municipal-level e-government service platforms. To meet this objective, an explanatory sequential design mixed-methods approach involving a survey with 261 respondents and five focus group meetings with 25 Nepali immigrants to Canada was used to gather the requisite data. In contrast with dominant narratives in much digital divide literature, the findings revealed no statistically significant differences in the use of e-government service platforms by very recent, recent, and established Nepali immigrants other than very recent immigrants were found to be using the federal-level e-government service platform more frequently than their recent and established immigrant counterparts. The lack of observable differences between the two groups was found to be linked to the participants' reliance on their social support networks of family and friends who provide the material and immaterial resources needed to mitigate the effects of digital inequalities. The implications of these unexpected findings are important for understanding the evolving on-the-ground dynamics with which immigrants must contend and, specifically, how their lived experiences contrast with stereotypical perceptions and understandings of their encounters with digital inequalities. The findings also contribute to advancing the knowledge both in terms of theory and practice. At the level of theory, the findings suggest the presence of two conversion factors — social support networks, and perceptions of convenience — that up to now have not received much attention in the Capabilities Approach literature. At the level of practice, the findings suggest a need to reconsider the ways in which the ubiquity of ICT devices and the pervasiveness of Internet connections along with changing immigration criteria are contributing to a transformation in how very recent, recent, and established immigrants experience digital inequalities.

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This thesis examines how religious traditions, collective memory, and conflict are represented in the Nepali film White Sun (2016), which was co-written and directed by Deepak Rauniyar. The film focuses on an anti-regime partisan who returns home to the rural areas of Nepal to bury his father. During his stay, he is forced to face social and political obstacles, which reflects on the history of Nepal, in particular the Civil War (1996-2008). In this study, I am using feminist theories such as the North American feminist theorist Donna Haraway’s concept of situated knowledge mixed with theories drawn from the psychology of religion and sociology of religion, e.g., Nancy Ammerman’s lived religion and the concept of chosen trauma to analyze the representation of religion and society in the film. As a methodology, I use Dutch cultural theorist Mieke Bal’s cultural analysis, which focuses on interpreting film in the context of culture. Thus, I am looking at various themes in the film centered around both social and political oppression, but also the importance of this film, which is still quite unknown to an international audience. In that sense, the film represents a new wave of filmmaking that reflects the history and culture of Nepal. Additionally, I am also reshaping my own relationship to Nepali culture as a Nepali adoptee in exploring the deeper meaning of the film as a collective memory.

Yung King-fung Phoenix. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-208). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Scope of the Studies / Chapter 1.2 --- Reasons of Choosing the Nepalese Case / Chapter 1.3 --- Ethnic Studies in Hong Kong / Chapter 1.4 --- Layout of the Thesis / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Origin of the Discourse / Chapter 2.2 --- Special Features of Social Exclusion Approach / Chapter 2.3 --- Three Paradigms of Social Exclusion / Chapter 2.4 --- Remarks on Citizenship / Chapter 2.5 --- Unanswered Questions / Chapter 2.6 --- Remarks on Methods / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Nepalese Community in Hong Kong --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Historical Background and Settlement Pattern / Chapter 3.2 --- Recent Population Trends / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Problematic Community: Modes of Social Exclusions Against the Nepalese --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Cultural Exclusion: Inaccessible Cultural Capital / Chapter 4.2 --- Economic Exclusion: 4D Work / Chapter 4.3 --- Civil Exclusion: Second-class Citizens and Distanced Friends / Chapter 4.4 --- Political Exclusion: Invisible Citizens / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion: the Marginal Man / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Malign Dynamics Among Modes of Exclusions --- p.127 / Chapter 5.1 --- Cultural Exclusion - Economic Exclusion / Chapter 5.2 --- Cultural Exclusion - Civil Exclusion / Chapter 5.3 --- Cultural Exclusion - Political Exclusion / Chapter 5.4 --- Economic Exclusion - Civil Exclusion / Chapter 5.5 --- Economic Exclusion - Political Exclusion / Chapter 5.6 --- Political Exclusion - Civil Exclusion / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Approaching Complete Citizenship --- p.163 / Chapter 6.1 --- A Divided Community: From FEONA to GNF / Chapter 6.2 --- Reluctance and Domination: Individual Level / Conclusion: We Have No Choice --- p.192 / References --- p.203 / Appendices / Chapter 1. --- List of interviewees / Chapter 2. --- Job History and Income / Chapter 3. --- Accommodation and Rent / Chapter 4. --- Map of Sun Tin，Yuen Long

The present study seeks to investigate the linguistic behavior of two Newari high castes, called Shresthas and Udas, living in Kathmandu, the capital city of Nepal, in their use of Newari, the ethnic language, and Nepali, the national language. Specifically, the study attempts to explain the hypothesis that the Hindu (Shrestha) Newars are becoming monolingual in Nepali while the Buddhist (Udas) Newars are maintaining their bilingualism in Nepali and Newari. To do so, a questionnaire was distributed to a total of 96 subjects, selected through quota sampling procedures. The questionnaire not only elicits information about the situational and societal variation in the subjects' use of Newari and Nepali but also reveals their attitudes and opinions about the differential use of these languages. Also, the participant observation method was employed to supplement and validate the responses derived from the questionnaire survey.The results from this study suggest a diglossic behavior in the Udas' use of Newari and Nepali, which, however, is remarkably different from those found in classic diglossic settings. This, in turn, leads to a reexamination of Ferguson's concept of diglossia. The Shresthas, on the other hand, frequently alternate between Newari and Nepali regardless of situation. Such linguistic differences between these two groups are related to their varied social networks and relationships; the Udas Newars' greater use of Newari is due to their closed social networks while the Shresthas' greater use of Nepali is due to their open social networks.The data on the analysis of the subjects' attitudes and opinions toward Nepali and Newari indicate that the Udas Newars are positive and favorable toward Newari while the Shresthas are ambivalent in their opinions toward these languages. This study, therefore, emphasizes a strong need for bilingual education in the country.The results of the present study show that the Udas' use of Newari exclusively at home and with children is a major factor in its retention. Among the Shresthas, it is rapidly losing ground to Nepali. Newari then is gradually dying away among the Shresthas, and will continually do so in the absence of institutional support. / Department of English