Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1975. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Inaug.-Diss. - Uppsala.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1984. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-115).

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Dentistry in the branch of Maxillofacial & Oral Surgery Johannesburg, 2014 / INTRODUCTION: The anterior loop (AL) of the mental nerve is an anatomical structure that should be considered when placing dental implants in the region of the mental foramen. This study aimed to evaluate the presence and dimensions of the AL using anatomical dissection of cadaver specimens. METHODS: 20 cadaver specimens were dissected bilaterally yielding 40 sides. The position of the mental foramen was recorded in relation to the lower border of the mandible as well as the adjacent teeth. Additionally, the mental foramen was probed before accessing the AL in order to determine the relationship between probing and actual AL length. The AL of the mental nerve was identified through anatomical dissection and measured. RESULTS: The mental foramen was most commonly located between the 1st and 2nd premolars (45%) followed by the apex of the 2nd premolar (42.5%). The mental foramen ranged from 10,16mm to 16,47mm from the lower border of the mandible (Mean 13,15mm; SD 1,61mm). An AL was found in 22 sides (55%) with a range of 0,52mm to 4,29mm (Mean 1,18mm; SD 1,35mm). Probing versus actual AL length revealed a weak negative correlation between AL length and probe depth. CONCLUSIONS: The study has shown that clinically significant AL lengths can be present and implant planning must therefore account for these AL.

Note:

The effects of certain NSAIDs were determined on agonist-evoked responses recorded from rat neurones maintained in vitro using electrophysiological techniques. Initially, the rat isolated vagus and optic nerves were employed. Alphaxalone, pentobarbitone, propofol and the NSAID, mefenamic acid (MFA), potentiated GABA-evoked responses of the vagus nerve. Propofol (1-100µM) selectively potentiated GABA and glycine-evoked responses of the rat vagus and optic nerves, but had little effect on nicotinic acetylcholine-, a,β-methylene-ATP or 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated responses. The interaction between MFA and ligand-gated receptors was investigated further using voltage-clamped rat hippocampal neurones maintained in culture. MFA (3-100µM) selectively, concentration-dependently and reversibly potentiated GABA-evoked responses, consistent with the observations made using the vagus nerve. MFA (3-100|aM) however had little or no effect on glycine, AMPA, kainate or NMDA-receptor mediated responses. A final series of experiments investigated the site and molecular mechanism of the interaction between MFA and the GABA-gated chloride ion channel. The potentiating effects of MFA (and other fenamates) were not the result of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, since other NSAIDs did not modulate the GABA(_A) receptor (GR). The actions of MFA were not mediated via the benzodiazepine site of the GR, nor where they due to inhibition of GABA- uptake or membrane perturbation. The modulatory effects of MFA were not use-dependent, but the potentiating effects of MFA were voltage-dependent, where the potentiation was 3-fold greater at -100mV than at +40mV, with no change in the equilibrium potential for GABA. MFA activated a current, in the absence of GABA. Hippocampal neurones varied in sensitivity to modulation by MFA and the anticonvulsant, loreclezole, which may indicate a degree of sub- unit selectivity. These data are discussed in relation to the possible site and mechanism of action of fenamates at the GR, their similarities with other positive modulators of the GR and the neurophysiological implications of these findings.

published_or_final_version / Anatomy / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 119-140).

Having detailed anatomical knowledge when performing surgeries, is crucial to ensure a successful outcome. This is especially true when undertaking relatively new procedures. Even though nerve transfers and nerve grafts have been performed on the different parts of the brachial plexus for some time, nerve transfer and grafting procedures involving the axillary and radial nerves using a newly proposed axillary approach has not yet been fully studied. This study provides some enlightenment to the anatomy surrounding the axillary approach, with special regard to the axillary and radial nerves and their branches. The axillae of 51 (26 female and 25 male) formalin fixed cadavers were bilaterally dissected using a simulation of the axillary approach, which has been described to gain access to the brachial plexus in a clinical setting. Following which, various distances between easily identifiable anatomical landmarks and relevant neurovascular structures were measured, and observations regarding the relationship of these structures to the landmarks were recorded. This study found that the axillary nerve and its anterior and posterior divisions, as well as the radial nerve with its nerve to the long head of triceps brachii muscle could be easily identified however, their proximal parts were situated fairly deep and therefore were difficult to expose. Methods such as the musculo-arterial triangle described by Bertelli et al., which was designed to aid in identification on localization of the axillary nerve was also assessed; it was found to be relatively successful, however more consistent landmarks might be considered. In conclusion this study found that the axillary approach may serve as a reliable and safe method to reach the axillary and radial nerves, as well as their branches, allowing for adequate exposure when considering a nerve transfer or graft. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2019. / Anatomy / MSc / Unrestricted

A maxillary nerve block via a modified infraorbital approach, applied before rhinoscopy and nasal biopsy, would decrease nociception, minimize cardiorespiratory anesthetic effects, and improve recoveries. In a crossover study, bupivacaine or equivalent volume of saline was administered to 8 healthy dogs via a modified infraorbital approach into each pterygopalatine region. Rhinoscopy and nasal biopsy were performed. Heart rate, blood pressure, plasma cortisol and norepinephrine concentrations, purposeful movement, and pain scores were monitored. Following a 14-day washout, dogs received the alternate treatment on the contralateral side. Blood pressures were significantly higher for the saline treatment than bupivacaine treatment. Plasma cortisol concentrations in the saline treatment were significantly higher 5 minutes after biopsy than at biopsy. No other parameters were significant. Using a maxillary nerve block via a modified infraorbital approach prior to rhinoscopy and nasal biopsy reduced procedural nociception. These findings warrant further evaluation in dogs with nasal disease.