by Long Wan Wong. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / Bibliography: leaves 77-93. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.viii / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.ix / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / ANATOMY OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA --- p.1 / NEUROGENESIS AND DIFFERENTIATION OF OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS --- p.3 / ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NERVE FIBER LAYER OF THE OLFACTORY BULB --- p.4 / FACTORS INFLUENCING NEURONAL DIFFERENTIATION --- p.6 / Chapter (1) --- Extracellular Matrix Molecules / Chapter (2) --- Cell Adhesion Molecules / Chapter (3) --- Soluble Diffusible Molecules / ASTROCYTES AS A SUBSTRATUM FOR CELL CULTURE --- p.12 / EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSE AND DESIGN --- p.15 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.16 / PREPARATION OF CELLULAR SUBSTRATA --- p.16 / Chapter (1) --- Cortical Astrocyte Monolayers / Chapter (2) --- OB Astrocyte Monolayers / Chapter (3) --- ONL Glial Cell Monolayers / Chapter (4) --- Skin Fibroblast Monolayers / DISSOCIATION OF OLFACTORY MUCOSA --- p.22 / TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- p.23 / IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE --- p.24 / IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY --- p.26 / COUNTING OF ORNs BEARING NEURITES AND MEASUREMENT OF NEURITE LENGTH --- p.26 / ANALYSIS OF CONDITIONED MEDIA --- p.27 / Chapter (1) --- Preparation of Conditioned Media / Chapter (2) --- Ultrafiltration / Chapter (3) --- Heat Treatment / Chapter (4) --- Protein Assay / Chapter (5) --- Investigation of Concentration-Activity Relationship / TABLE 1 --- p.30 / FIGURES 1-2 --- p.31 / RESULTS --- p.36 / TRANSMISSION AND SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY --- p.36 / Chapter (1) --- Cortical Astrocytes / Chapter (2) --- ORNs on Cortical Astrocytes / "OLFACTORY NEURITE EXTENSION ON CORTICAL ASTROCYTES, OB ASTROCYTES, ONL GLIAL CELLS, AND FIBROBLASTS" --- p.38 / Chapter (1) --- Morphology of the Cellular Substrata / Chapter (2) --- Morphology of ORNs on Various Cellular Substrata / Chapter (3) --- Quantitative Studies of Olfactory Neurite Extension on the Cellular Substrata / CELL ADHESION MOLECULES ON ASTROCYTES --- p.41 / INFLUENCE OF SOLUBLE SUBSTANCES ON OLFACTORY NEURITE EXTENSION --- p.42 / ANALYSIS OF MEDIA CONDITIONED BY FIBROBLASTS --- p.44 / Chapter (1) --- Molecular Weight Range of the Inhibitory Substance(s) / Chapter (2) --- Culture of ORNs on Cortical Astrocytes in Heat-treated CMF / Chapter (3) --- Protein Assay / Chapter (4) --- Concentration-Activity Relationship / TABLES 2-8 --- p.46 / FIGURES 3-9 --- p.53 / DISCUSSION --- p.69 / CONCLUSIONS --- p.76 / REFERENCES --- p.77

acase@tulane.edu / Bringing a newly formulated drug used for neurological applications to the market is a highly time and labor-intensive process. The current pathway of bringing a drug to market requires extensive drug testing on animal models at the pre-clinical stage. Live animal models are expensive, low-throughput and increasingly recognized to be poor predictors of clinical outcomes in the process of drug development. An in vitro testing platform would address these above stated problems by providing a pre-screening process that could improve the high attrition rates of novel pharmaceutical compounds and also reduce the demand for the number of animals used for testing. This dissertation presents the progress of studies that were conducted to create a three-dimensional myelinated in vitro peripheral nerve-on-a-chip model that could be subject to electrophysiological and histological testing to be used as a tool for drug screening. In the first study, our model utilized an ultra-violet light cured methacrylated heparin hydrogel as the growth permissive substrate and a polyethylene glycol gel as a growth restrictive boundary that contained three-dimensional neural growth from an embryonic rat’s dorsal root ganglion explant. The model enabled electrophysiological field recording testing to measure metrics such as compound action potential amplitude and nerve conduction velocity. However, the heparin hydrogel presented issues with immunohistochemistry and histological studies leading us to recreate the model with a different growth permissive substrate. The second study utilized a methacrylated gelatin hydrogel in place of the heparin as the growth substrate. The dense neural growth was rapider than heparin while the gel allowed electrophysiological and histological testing to conclusively show the presence of myelin. Data from the histological testing was used to tabulate structural measurement such as percentage of myelinated axons and g-ratios which were then correlated with the electrophysiological data. This study paved way to use this model to simulate a demyelinating physiology and assess the effectiveness of a possible neuroprotective agent. The third and final study investigated the usage of the peripheral nerve-on-a-chip as model of demyelination by using forskolin and twitcher mouse serum, adapted from the established in vivo model of Krabbe’s disease. The effects of demyelination were observed using electrophysiological, immunohistochemistry, and histological studies. The corticosteroid dexamethasone was also included in the demyelination models to assess its extent of neuroprotection against the demyelinating agents. The results established a novel myelinated peripheral nerve-on-a-chip model which could be subject to electrophysiological, immunohistochemistry, and histological studies. The model has the potential to be used to simulate various pathologies and evaluate the efficacy of drugs before animal testing could be conducted. / 1 / Ashwin Sivakumar

[161] leaves : ill., photos, graphs ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, 1975

No description available.

<p>Neurography is the most objective and reliable measure of the peripheral nerve function, and it is used to diagnose both local and generalized neuropathies. Neurography can measure both motor and sensory nerve functions. The principle for sensory neurgraphy is to stimulate over the nerve and record proximal or distal from the stimulated electrode.</p><p>At the Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University Hospital Uppsala, a problem has been identified, in that young adult patients tend to show unexpected abnormal neurography values in relation to the expected, indicated by the reference limits, without clinical correlates. This concerns foremost the sensory amplitudes in median and ulnar nerves. The hypothesis is that the requirement of young adults’ amplitudes is too high. A reference material better including more subjects in this age group may solve the problem.</p><p>Sensory nerve conduction studies were performed in 33 subjects, aged 15-30. The nerve functions were tested on median, ulnar and radial nerves. Surface electrodes were used for both recording and stimulation.</p><p>The result shows that the presently used reference material for some nerves indeed has too high requirement for young adults. After increasing the reference material for younger age groups, the new reference limits has been changed and this should cause fewer false positive findings.</p>

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-53).

Thesis (M.A. in speech and hearing sciences)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 9, 2010). "Department of Speech and Hearing Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-30).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI Company.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-119). Also issued on the Internet.

No description available.