The capability of the brain to control the body has been recognised for millennia. This thesis evaluates the ability of neurosurgery, in the form of DBS, to manipulate the motor system, in which it is already established as a therapy, and the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, in which its application as a therapy would represent a major paradigm shift in medical practice. Patients with in-dwelling deep brain stimulators were enrolled in a series of experiments. Methodological techniques included the recording and analysis of cardiovascular and lung function indices, deep brain local field potentials, tremor severity scores and diffusion tensor tractograms. The results demonstrate that DBS at specific subcortical sites can ameliorate the abnormal response to autonomic challenges in Parkinson's disease and improve lung function by up to 15% with a coincident synchronisation of local field potential frequency. Further, the results demonstrate that probabilistic tractography in humans confirms the connections of the motor thalamus seen in animal tracer studies and that motor thalamus DBS for essential tremor is efficacious based on novel trial design and analysis methods. In conclusion, the thesis provides the first Level I evidence for the efficacy of DBS in essential tremor and suggests that probabilistic tractography can aid surgical targeting of the motor thalamus. It also finds that DBS reduces the cardiovascular dysfunction seen in Parkinson's disease and improves respiratory performance in humans with a coincident electrophysiological correlate in the subcortical brain. These findings have important implications for the future application of neurosurgery in diseases of not just the motor system but also the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Nursing Studies / Master / Master of Nursing

Bibliography: leaves 148-155. / xiv, 210 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis provides several methods for assessment of total machine dependent distortion which allows the clinical significance of that distortion to be established. A method for removal of machine dependent distortions is also presented and shown to work for a locally produced, large field of view spatial linearity phantom. Finally, a possible method is developed which is suitable for application of the distortion correction method to actual patients. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Physics and Mathematical Physics, 1997?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:58:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mizubuti_gb_me_botfm.pdf: 491316 bytes, checksum: 7606ca6eed47013f45266781266a9840 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / São várias as técnicas disponíveis para realização de bloqueio do plexo braquial (PB). Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise epidemiológica dos bloqueios do PB realizados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP (HC-FMB-UNESP). Realizou-se estudo observacional que incluiu pacientes submetidos à anestesia do PB no período de 1 ano, contemplando as técnicas e as características da anestesia, bem como a satisfação dos pacientes. Entre Fevereiro de 2009 e Janeiro de 2010, 150 pacientes (16 a 89 anos) foram incluídos. Houve sedação pré-anestésica em 77% dos casos com o midazolam, associado ou não ao fentanil. Os bloqueios foram realizados com 15 a 20 mL de lidocaína 1,5% seguidos de igual volume de ropivacaína 0,5%. A incidência total de falhas foi de 22%. A técnica de Winnie foi empregada em 32% dos bloqueios, a perivascular subclávia em 27%, a axilar em 32% e a descrita por Vieira em 9%. O estimulador de nervo periférico (ENP) e o ultrassom (US) foram empregados isoladamente em 49% e 21% dos pacientes, respectivamente, sendo esses aparelhos usados simultaneamente em 21% dos casos. Dentre as anestesias realizadas com o ENP, com o US, sem esses equipamentos ou com ambos, simultaneamente, 28%, 16%, 15% e 16%, respectivamente, falharam. Dos 150 bloqueios, 43% foram realizados por médicos em especialização (ME) do 3º ano (ME3), 32% por ME2 e 25% por ME1, havendo falha em 16%, 25% e 29%, respectivamente. Houve parestesia não intencional (6%) e punção vascular acidental (6%), além de 49% de elevação de cúpula diafragmática nos bloqueios supraclaviculares. No HC-FMB-UNESP verificou-se diversidade na escolha da técnica anestésica para bloqueios do PB, sendo a incidência de falhas dentro do que se observa na literatura. O US sobrepuja o ENP em termos... / There are several approaches for the brachial plexus blockade. This study aimed the epidemiologic analysis of the brachial plexus blocks performed at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Observational study was carried out including patients who underwent brachial plexus blockade throughout 1 year, contemplating the techniques and anesthetic features, as well as patient satisfaction. From February 2009 to January 2010, 150 patients (16 to 89 years) were included. Pre-anesthetic sedation was administered to 77% of the patients with midazolam associated or not with fentanyl. The blocks were carried out with 15 to 20 mL of lidocaine 1.5% followed by the same volume of ropivacaine 0.5%. Total failure incidence was 22%. The Interscalene Block (Winnie´s technique) was used in 32% of the blocks, the Subclavian Perivascular Block in 27%, the Axillary Block in 32% and the Supraclavicular Block described by Vieira in 9%. Peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) and Ultrasound (US) were used alone in 49% and 21% of the blocks, respectively, and in 21% of the patients, simultaneously. Among the anesthetics carried out with PNS, with US, without those devices or with both, simultaneously, 28%, 16%, 15% and 16%, respectively, failed. Of the 150 blocks, 43% were performed by Postgraduate Year 3 (PGY3) residents, 32% by PGY2 residents and 25% by PGY1 residents, with failure rates of 16%, 25% and 29%, respectively. Unintended paresthesia (6%) and accidental vascular puncture (6%) were observed. Also, a 49% incidence of hemidiaphragmatic dome elevation (phrenic nerve palsy) was observed among patients submitted to supraclavicular approaches. At the Hospital das Clínicas of the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, a great diversity on the choice of the brachial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Paulo do Nascimento Junior / Banca: Guilherme Antonio Moreira de Barros / Banca: Marco Aurélio Marongoni / Resumo: São várias as técnicas disponíveis para realização de bloqueio do plexo braquial (PB). Este estudo teve como objetivo a análise epidemiológica dos bloqueios do PB realizados no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP (HC-FMB-UNESP). Realizou-se estudo observacional que incluiu pacientes submetidos à anestesia do PB no período de 1 ano, contemplando as técnicas e as características da anestesia, bem como a satisfação dos pacientes. Entre Fevereiro de 2009 e Janeiro de 2010, 150 pacientes (16 a 89 anos) foram incluídos. Houve sedação pré-anestésica em 77% dos casos com o midazolam, associado ou não ao fentanil. Os bloqueios foram realizados com 15 a 20 mL de lidocaína 1,5% seguidos de igual volume de ropivacaína 0,5%. A incidência total de falhas foi de 22%. A técnica de Winnie foi empregada em 32% dos bloqueios, a perivascular subclávia em 27%, a axilar em 32% e a descrita por Vieira em 9%. O estimulador de nervo periférico (ENP) e o ultrassom (US) foram empregados isoladamente em 49% e 21% dos pacientes, respectivamente, sendo esses aparelhos usados simultaneamente em 21% dos casos. Dentre as anestesias realizadas com o ENP, com o US, sem esses equipamentos ou com ambos, simultaneamente, 28%, 16%, 15% e 16%, respectivamente, falharam. Dos 150 bloqueios, 43% foram realizados por médicos em especialização (ME) do 3º ano (ME3), 32% por ME2 e 25% por ME1, havendo falha em 16%, 25% e 29%, respectivamente. Houve parestesia não intencional (6%) e punção vascular acidental (6%), além de 49% de elevação de cúpula diafragmática nos bloqueios supraclaviculares. No HC-FMB-UNESP verificou-se diversidade na escolha da técnica anestésica para bloqueios do PB, sendo a incidência de falhas dentro do que se observa na literatura. O US sobrepuja o ENP em termos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: There are several approaches for the brachial plexus blockade. This study aimed the epidemiologic analysis of the brachial plexus blocks performed at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP). Observational study was carried out including patients who underwent brachial plexus blockade throughout 1 year, contemplating the techniques and anesthetic features, as well as patient satisfaction. From February 2009 to January 2010, 150 patients (16 to 89 years) were included. Pre-anesthetic sedation was administered to 77% of the patients with midazolam associated or not with fentanyl. The blocks were carried out with 15 to 20 mL of lidocaine 1.5% followed by the same volume of ropivacaine 0.5%. Total failure incidence was 22%. The Interscalene Block (Winnie's technique) was used in 32% of the blocks, the Subclavian Perivascular Block in 27%, the Axillary Block in 32% and the Supraclavicular Block described by Vieira in 9%. Peripheral nerve stimulator (PNS) and Ultrasound (US) were used alone in 49% and 21% of the blocks, respectively, and in 21% of the patients, simultaneously. Among the anesthetics carried out with PNS, with US, without those devices or with both, simultaneously, 28%, 16%, 15% and 16%, respectively, failed. Of the 150 blocks, 43% were performed by Postgraduate Year 3 (PGY3) residents, 32% by PGY2 residents and 25% by PGY1 residents, with failure rates of 16%, 25% and 29%, respectively. Unintended paresthesia (6%) and accidental vascular puncture (6%) were observed. Also, a 49% incidence of hemidiaphragmatic dome elevation (phrenic nerve palsy) was observed among patients submitted to supraclavicular approaches. At the Hospital das Clínicas of the Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, a great diversity on the choice of the brachial... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Parkinson's Disease can be treated by a micro-electrode guided neurosurgery called a Pallidotomy or Deep Brain Stimulus. A new software program, called Onetrack, is being developed and incorporates a three dimensional virtual model of the brain, a advanced digital signal processor and a knowledge based system (KBS). This thesis discusses the design and development of this KBS. The purpose of the KBS is to assist the surgical team in identifying the different anatomical structures and neuronal cell types of the brain. Therefore, improving the efficiency of the procedure.

Bibliography: leaves 156-173 / x, 173 leaves, [6] leaves of plates : / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (D.M.)--University of Adelaide, 1986

L'hémorragie intra-cérébrale (HIC) est responsable d’environ 15 % des accidents vasculaires cérébraux. Son incidence augmente avec l’âge et sa mortalité à 3 mois est de 30 % pour atteindre 60% à 1 an .1 La prise en charge de l’HIC représente un défi majeur pour la Santé Publique. <p>Plusieurs attitudes thérapeutiques ont été proposées récemment ;parmi elles l’administration, lors de la phase aigue, de substances neuroprotectrices 1,2 ou de facteurs de coagulation 1,2,3 .<p>En effet, c’est durant cette phase, que surviennent l’inondation ventriculaire, la constitution et la croissance de l’hématome et l’engagement cérébral avec le décès comme conséquence.<p>Le contrôle de l'hypertension intra-crânienne représente la première ligne de traitement ;malheureusement son efficacité s’avère très limitée à l’heure actuelle et aucune nouvelle modalité thérapeutique n’a porté ses fruits. 1<p>Dans ce travail nous avons tenté de définir les éléments cliniques intervenant au cours de la phase aigue de l’hémorragie intracérébrale sur lesquels pourraient agir une prise en charge mieux ciblée plus spécifique.<p>(1) Nous avons comparé la dizaine d’échelles pronostiques proposées depuis celle d’Hemphill en 2001, comprenant des éléments cliniques et radiologiques et utilisées pour la stratification du risque dans l’HIC afin de déterminer la ou les plus adaptée(s).3,4,5,6 <p>Nous avons conclu que ces échelles ne permettent pas une discrimination optimale et qu’elles restent équivalentes dans leur sensibilité et spécificité pronostiques.5<p>(2) Nous nous sommes ensuite concentrés sur les éléments cliniques et biologiques liés à la phase aigue de l’HIC pouvant influencer les décisions thérapeutiques (température, glycémie, dysfonction ionique, état critique,…). <p>Il ressort de l’étude de ces facteurs que seule l'hyperglycémie est associée à un mauvais pronostic.7,8<p> (3) Nous avons également essayé de voir si les caractèristiques de la lésion hémorragique jouent un rôle important ;nous avons noté (a) que la taille de l’hématome proprement dit reste l’élément prédicteur le plus important de mortalité, (b) 9 que la taille de l’ œdème cérébral y est lié (c) 9 qu’il existe une synergie d’effets délétères (surtout pour les petits hématomes) entre la taille de l’hématome et celle de l’œdème (d) 9, que la localisation de l’hématome influence également son extension ventriculaire (d) que la quantité de sang libéré dans les ventricules cérébraux a pour conséquence un pronostic péjoratif (associé à l’élévation de la glycémie à la phase aigue). 6,7<p>(4)Nous nous sommes intéressés à l’existence d’une éventuelle susceptibilité génétique pouvant intervenir dans la cinétique du saignement; nous avons relevé que la simple variation d’une paire de base du génome (SNP single nucleotide polymorphism) au niveau des gènes impliqués dans l’hémostase (gène du facteur de von Willebrand; rs216321) et l’agrégation plaquettaire (rs342286) pourrait influencer la taille de l’hématome lors de la phase aigue et sa croissance au cours des premières heures.10,11,12<p> (5) Enfin, nous avons voulu caractériser l’invalidité liée à l’HIC chez les survivants. Il existe une hétérogénéité des échelles d’évolution clinique mais en les comparant, l’Index de Bartel (qui intègre un large éventail d’activités de la vie de tous les jours) se montre supérieur aux scores de Rankin et de Glasgow. 13 Néanmoins, l’index de Barthel n’intègre pas la mortalité au sein des paramètres d’évolution clinique, risquant ainsi de biaiser l'interprétation en présence d’un nombre élevé de décès dans l’étude.<p> En conclusion, au cours de l’HIC, les caractéristiques s évolutifs de l’hématome au cours de la phase aigue, notamment sa taille, sa croissance et son extension dans les ventricules cérébraux sont responsables d’une série d’événements interactifs conduisant à un effet de masse mais également une cascade d’événements biologiques aggravant le pronostic, surtout chez des patients présentant une susceptibilité génétique La prise en compte de ces facteurs de risque devrait permettre une amélioration de la qualité de prise en charge et donc des résultats cliniques.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Information and communication technologies hope to revolutionize the healthcare industry with innovative and affordable solutions with a focus on pervasive care. Wearable sensors products can provide monitoring in a natural environment with a constant stream of information, enriching healthcare practices and enabling better pervasive care. Wearable sensor technologies could monitor patients' mobility, gait, tremor, daily activity and other health indicators in real time that could allow for simple, non-invasive, tracking of spine care that may lead to increased patient engagement, integration, feedback, post-surgery analysis, monitoring of patient's condition, patient's data extraction and analysis and possibly aiding in better diagnosis, intervention, adherence to treatment for the betterment of quality of care. This research focuses on the assessment of technology adoption potential of medical devices particular to tracking the mobility of patients of neurosurgery and orthopedics. Wearable medical devices that track the mobility of patients after spinal procedures could help surgeons in providing post-operative care, analysis of treatment outcomes and patient mobility. The assessment of those devices by physicians is a complex process associated with various perspectives and criteria. Therefore, the objective of this research is to assess the potential for technology adoption of those wearable medical devices through development of a hierarchical decision-making model (HDM) that incorporates the relevant perspectives and criteria encompassing the needs of hospital neurological surgery and orthopedics departments. The proposed research builds on an existing body of knowledge researched through literature review and background of the field and expands the health technology assessment field by implementation of a holistic, comprehensive and multi-perspective approach to technology assessment in wearable sensor products adoption for pervasive care in neurosurgery and orthopedics. The Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) approach is used to break the problem down into hierarchical levels and then calculate the alternatives using pairwise comparison scales and a judgment quantification technique. Inconsistencies, disagreement, sensitivity and scenario analysis are performed as well. HDM research software is created with Ruby and R to facilitate the computation of some of these important model parameters to higher precision than is available in current statistical analysis software packages or extensions targeted for decision making. Patient perspective dominates as the main perspective for the technology adoption potential of wearable devices for pervasive care in neurosurgery and orthopedics, followed by technical and financial perspectives. Valedo, a wearable device aimed to relieve back pain through exercises, motivation and mobility tracking, received the highest ranking for adoption potential, while other devices also received high relative scores. The framework could serve as a supplementary technology assessment tool and could be tested in other settings: private, small clinic etc. with the experts and special needs of physicians in particular healthcare departments.