<p>Den här rapporten beskriver en experimentell studie av Microsoft Network Protection (NAP) och är ämnad för att utvärdera hur mogen tekniken är för att implementeras i en aktiv nätverksmiljö. För att göra studien tog vi hjälp av gymnasieskolan John Bauer i Kalmar. Tester har utförts med DHCP-framtvingning och 802. 1x-framtvingning, dessa är två av NAPs fyra olika framtvingande funktioner. En mindre analys av skolans switchkonfigurationer och interna säkerhet har även gjorts på John Bauers begäran. Testerna har visat att DHCP-framtvingning är en bra och enkel lösning för John Bauers trådade klienter. NAP-funktionen 802. 1x- framtvingning var en större utmaning dock, och blev inte lyckad. Utbudet av information om NAP är än för knapphändig och vi anser därför att inte bara 802.1x framtvingning inte är redo för implementation, utan även framtvingning med DHCP.</p>

Den här rapporten beskriver en experimentell studie av Microsoft Network Protection (NAP) och är ämnad för att utvärdera hur mogen tekniken är för att implementeras i en aktiv nätverksmiljö. För att göra studien tog vi hjälp av gymnasieskolan John Bauer i Kalmar. Tester har utförts med DHCP-framtvingning och 802. 1x-framtvingning, dessa är två av NAPs fyra olika framtvingande funktioner. En mindre analys av skolans switchkonfigurationer och interna säkerhet har även gjorts på John Bauers begäran. Testerna har visat att DHCP-framtvingning är en bra och enkel lösning för John Bauers trådade klienter. NAP-funktionen 802. 1x- framtvingning var en större utmaning dock, och blev inte lyckad. Utbudet av information om NAP är än för knapphändig och vi anser därför att inte bara 802.1x framtvingning inte är redo för implementation, utan även framtvingning med DHCP.

<p>This thesis presents a comparative study of four Network Access Control (NAC) technologies; Trusted Network Connect by the Trusted Computing group, Juniper Networks, Inc.’s Unified Access Control, Microsoft Corp.’s Network Access Protection, and Cisco Systems Inc.’s Network Admission Control. NAC is a vision, which utilizes existing solutions and new technologies to provide assurance that any device connecting to a network policy domain is authenticated and is subject to the network’s policy enforcement. Non-compliant devices are isolated until they have been brought back to a complaint status. We compare the NAC technologies in terms of architectural and functional features they provide.</p><p>There is a race of NAC solutions in the marketplace, each claiming their own definition and terminology, making it difficult for customers to adopt such a solution, resulting in much uncertainty. The NAC paradigm can be classified into two categories: the first category embraces open standards; the second follows proprietary standards. By selecting these architectures, we cover a representative set of proprietary and open standards-based NAC technologies.</p><p>This study concludes that there is a great need for standardization and interoperability of NAC components and that the four major solution proposals that we studied fall short of the desired interoperability. With standards, customers have the choice to adopt solution components from different vendors, selecting, what is commonly referred to as the best of breed. One example for a standard technology that all four NAC technologies that we studied did adopt is the IEEE’s 802.1X port-based access control technology. It is used to control endpoint device access to the network.</p><p>One shortcoming that most NAC architectures (with the exception of Trusted Network Connect) have in common, is the lack of a strong root-of-trust. Without it, clients’ compliance measurements cannot be trusted by the policy server whose task is to assess each client’s policy compliance.</p>

This thesis presents a comparative study of four Network Access Control (NAC) technologies; Trusted Network Connect by the Trusted Computing group, Juniper Networks, Inc.’s Unified Access Control, Microsoft Corp.’s Network Access Protection, and Cisco Systems Inc.’s Network Admission Control. NAC is a vision, which utilizes existing solutions and new technologies to provide assurance that any device connecting to a network policy domain is authenticated and is subject to the network’s policy enforcement. Non-compliant devices are isolated until they have been brought back to a complaint status. We compare the NAC technologies in terms of architectural and functional features they provide. There is a race of NAC solutions in the marketplace, each claiming their own definition and terminology, making it difficult for customers to adopt such a solution, resulting in much uncertainty. The NAC paradigm can be classified into two categories: the first category embraces open standards; the second follows proprietary standards. By selecting these architectures, we cover a representative set of proprietary and open standards-based NAC technologies. This study concludes that there is a great need for standardization and interoperability of NAC components and that the four major solution proposals that we studied fall short of the desired interoperability. With standards, customers have the choice to adopt solution components from different vendors, selecting, what is commonly referred to as the best of breed. One example for a standard technology that all four NAC technologies that we studied did adopt is the IEEE’s 802.1X port-based access control technology. It is used to control endpoint device access to the network. One shortcoming that most NAC architectures (with the exception of Trusted Network Connect) have in common, is the lack of a strong root-of-trust. Without it, clients’ compliance measurements cannot be trusted by the policy server whose task is to assess each client’s policy compliance.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / This Master s Thesis discusses the notification of violence, the psychological assistance provided to children and adolescents who suffer violence and the network of protection for them, from the perspective of professionals that work in the services of the System of Guarantee of Rights. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study, accomplished in the context of the Child and Adolescent Protection Precinct, Public Prosecutor s Office and three Child Protection Agencies of a city in Rio Grande do Sul. Three child protection agents, one police chief and one public prosecutor participated in the study. Semi-structured interviews were used, and analyzed using content analysis. This thesis is composed of four articles, one theoretical and three empirical. The theoretical article presents a reflection about the assistance towards the child or adolescent who experienced a situation of violence in the perspective of the System of Guarantee of Rights. The first empirical article approaches a comprehension of the network of protection and the way it works in cases involving violence against children and adolescents. It highlights challenges and possibilities of enforcing the rights of such population. The second article presents the procedures of the Child Protection Agencies, Child and Adolescent Protection Precinct and Public Prosecutor s Office after receiving a notification of violence involving children and adolescents. Moreover, it approaches the advances, hindrances and challenges regarding the notification of violence. The last article discusses the psychological assistance provided to children and adolescents facing violence in the context of social assistance policies. It also presents the perceptions and the perspectives about psychological assistance. Results suggest that the interviewed professionals understand the network of protection recommended by the Statute of the Child and Adolescent and its functioning. They highlight the relevance of the joint efforts in cases involving violence, regarding effectively protecting and promoting the rights of children and adolescents. Results also indicate several procedures of the defense agencies after the notification of violence, among them, the referral for psychological services, characterized as a service through which the subjects are allowed to talk about the violence they suffered, under an atmosphere of support and protection. Final considerations highlight the importance of strengthening the network of protection, as well as the need to educate the society about notification, aiming at coping with violence and protecting children and adolescents. In conclusion, the relevance of training professionals is emphasized, focusing on the development of integrated and coordinated actions, so as to interrupt historical practices, in the context of policies and rights towards children and adolescents. / A presente dissertação de mestrado versa sobre a notificação da violência, o atendimento psicológico oferecido às crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência e a rede de proteção da população infanto-juvenil, a partir do olhar de profissionais que atuam nos órgãos que compõem o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos. Trata-se de um estudo de delineamento qualitativo e caráter exploratório e descritivo, realizado junto à Delegacia de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente, Ministério Público e três Conselhos Tutelares, de um município do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo três conselheiros tutelares, um delegado de polícia e um promotor de justiça. Foram utilizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, as quais foram analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Esta dissertação é composta por quatro artigos, sendo um teórico e três empíricos. O artigo teórico apresenta uma reflexão a cerca do atendimento à criança e ao adolescente que vivenciaram uma situação de violência na perspectiva do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos. O primeiro artigo empírico apresenta a compreensão da rede de proteção e o funcionamento desta nos casos envolvendo violência contra a criança e o adolescente. Aponta ainda, os desafios e as possibilidades da efetivação dos direitos da população infanto-juvenil. O segundo apresenta os procedimentos de órgãos Conselho Tutelar, Delegacia de Proteção à Criança e ao Adolescente e Ministério Público após o recebimento de uma notificação de violência envolvendo crianças e adolescentes. E ainda aborda os avanços, obstáculos e desafios da notificação da violência. O último abarca o atendimento psicológico oferecido à criança e ao adolescente em situação de violência no âmbito da política de assistência social. Apresenta ainda, as percepções e as perspectivas quanto ao atendimento psicológico. Os resultados sugerem que os profissionais entrevistados compreendem a rede de proteção preconizada no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) e o seu funcionamento. Apontam a importância do trabalho conjunto e articulado nos casos envolvendo violência para a efetivação das ações de proteção e promoção dos direitos. Indicam diversos procedimentos dos órgãos de defesa diante de uma notificação da violência, dentre eles, o encaminhamento para atendimento psicológico que se constitui num espaço em que é possível falar sobre a violência e receber apoio e proteção. As considerações finais destacam a importância do fortalecimento da rede de proteção, assim como, a necessidade de conscientizar a sociedade a respeito da notificação a fim de possibilitar o enfrentamento da violência e a proteção da população infanto-juvenil. Por fim, destaca-se a relevância de capacitar os profissionais para que estes possam desenvolver ações integradas e articuladas e romper com as antigas práticas presente nos percurso histórico dos direitos e políticas de atenção à infância e adolescência.

The aim of this work is to analyze the system alternative dispute resolution of cross-border consumer disputes within the EU, Norway and Iceland and the proposal to improve the system. To create this work was done study of theoretical perspectives on alternative dispute resolution of consumer disputes and consumer protection. It was implemented the managed-depth interviews, the analysis of secondary data and the case study. The conclusion was to evaluate all of the data and defined a proposal to improve cross-court resolution of consumer disputes.

Reliability requirements for power systems have been constantly increasing, as customers of electric power desire high power availability. In order to improve continuity of supply in medium voltage (MV) networks, utilities in many countries in Europe, North/South America and Oceania use resonant earthing and allow the operation of the network during a single phasetoearth fault for periods from several seconds up to several hours, since the earthfault current at the fault point in such systems is considerably reduced and is unlikely to damage equipment or create hazardous voltages for people or livestock. Due to the neutral potential displacement during the phasetoearth fault, the healthy phases can rise up to 1.73 times the nominal values in the entire network, overstressing insulation and increasing the probability of a second fault from another phasetoearth fault somewhere in the network. The situation of two simultaneously active phasetoearth faults on different phases at different locations in a network is commonly called a crosscountry or doubleearth fault. The current through the earth then becomes many times higher than in case of a single phasetoearth fault in a resonantearthed network. Few studies about CrossCountry faults in MV systems have been done so far, particularly with real fault data and simulations. This thesis has as main objectives to: improve understanding of how crosscountry faults behave in resonantearthed systems; show how the double fault situation can be analytically calculated; and study what difficulties these faults can pose to traditional distance protection. This is done by: analyzing recordings of real faults, obtained from utilities in Scandinavia; modelling the fault situations analytically; simulating such systems with real system data; and examining in particular how faultedphase selection and distance protection behave during these faults. The developed mathematical model was compared with a simple simulated system. The results showed that the modelling produces accurate results. Analysis of the real faults showed that crosscountry faults cannot be equated directly to more traditional singlephase or doublephase faults on particular feeders, since voltages and currents can behave in atypical manners. Finally, during the comprehensive simulations of such network, limitations of traditional distance protection were identified. Phasetophase loops can face difficulties in properly detecting crosscountry faults even when one of the two simultaneous faults is relatively close to the measuring point. Phasetoearth loops can only be reliable when faults are solid or with very low resistance and in conditions where zero sequence current is present, while for multiple infeeds can also face difficulties. / Kraven på elkraftsystemets pålitlighet ökar hela tiden, då kundernas krav på tillgänglighet hela tiden stiger. Som ett led i att förbättra leveranssäkerheten på mellanspänningsnivån har ett flertal elnätsbolag i Europa, Nord och Sydamerika samt Oceanien börjat använda spoljordning. Genom detta kan jordfel under drift tillåtas, på allt ifrån sekundbasis till timmar. På detta sätt undviks driftavbrott vid jordfel. Spoljordning gör att jordfelsströmmen reduceras vilket minimerar risken för person, djur och egendomsskador. Under ett enfasigt jordfel höjs spänningen i de två opåverkade faserna till maximalt 1.73 gånger den nominella spänningen, detta i hela det aktuella nätet. Spänningshöjningen riskerar att ge skador på isolaringen, vilket gör att risken för uppkomsten av ett andra jordfel någonstans i samma nätavsnitt ökar. Att två enfasiga jordfel på olika platser inträffar samtidigt i samma nät, kallas dubbelt jordfel, på engelska crosscountry fault. Strömmen genom jord i ett spoljordat nät blir i detta fallet mycket högre än för ett enfasigt jordfel. Än så länge har bara ett fåtal studier med verkliga data och simuleringar gällande dubbla jordfel på mellanspänningsnivå utförts. Detta examensarbete syftar till att: förbättra förståelsen för hur dubbla jordfel uppkommer i spoljordade nät; beskriva hur dubbla jordfel kan beräknas analytiskt; och visa på vilka svårigheter dubbla jordfel kan ge för distansskydd. Detta görs genom: att analysera verkliga fel uppkomna i Skandinavien; analytisk modellering av dessa situationer; simulering med data från verkliga elnät; undersökning av hur felbehäftade delar och dess distansskydd beter sig vid fel. Den utvecklade matematiska modelleringsmetoden är jämförd med ett enkelt system som var simulerat, och resultaten av jämförelsen visar att modellen ger ett överensstämmande och noggrant resultat. Analysen av verkliga fel visar att dubbla jordfel inte direkt kan likställas med traditionella enfas- eller tvåfasfel för ett och samma utgående fack, då spänning och strömmar kan ha olika beteende. Avslutningsvis kunde begränsningar hos traditionella distansskydd upptäckas, tack var en omfattande simulering av nyss nämnda elnät. Fas- fas slingan kan se svårigheter att detektera dubbla fel även när ett av dessa två är nära till mätpunkten. Fas- jord slingan är endast pålitlig när felresistansen är försumbar, eller i fall där felresistansen är låg, samt i fall när nollföljdsströmmen är närvarande. Flera felströmsinmatningar kan likaså ställa till svårigheter.

This master's thesis deals with the area hospital distribution networkand one of the hospital's entry substation. The first part of this master's thesis deals with the project of the new cable network, her gradual revival without any power outages at the collection points. Futher, in this thesis is project of temporary transformer station for supplying power during the reconstruction of the HV switchboard. Subsequently, in this thesis is project of the new HV switchboard in one of the entry substation. new HV switchgear and a new HV substation were projected. Futher, in this thesis is proposed compensation of the whole area, including the HV network.