In recent years, a growing number of diagnostic examinations in a hospital are being generated by digitally formatted imaging modalities. The evolution of these systems has led to the development of a totally digitized imaging system, which is called Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). A high speed computer network plays a very important role in the design of a Picture Archiving and Communication System. The computer network must not only offer a high data rate, but also it must be structured to satisfy the PACS requirements efficiently. In this dissertation, a computer network, called PACnet, is proposed for PACS. The PACnet is designed to carry image, voice, image pointing overlay, and intermittent data over a 200 Mbps dual fiber optic ring network. The PACnet provides a data packet channel and image and voice channels based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technique. The intermittent data is transmitted over a data packet channel using a modified token passing scheme. The voice and image pointing overlay are transferred between two stations in real-time to support the consultive nature of a radiology department using circuit switching techniques. Typical 50 mega-bit images are transmitted over the image channel in less than a second using circuit switching techniques. A technique, called adaptive variable frame size, is developed for PACnet to achieve high network utilization and short response time. This technique allows the data packet traffic to use any residual voice or image traffic momentarily available due to variation in voice traffic or absence of images. To achieve optimal design parameters for network and interfaces, the PACnet is also simulated under different conditions.

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of a large number of sensor nodes that are densely deployed in an area. One of the main issues addressed in WSNs research is energy efficiency due to sensors' limited energy resources. WSNs are deployed to monitor and control the physical environment, and to transmit the collected data to one or more sinks using multi-hop communication. Energy efficiency protocols represent a key mechanism in WSNs. This dissertation proposes several methods used to prolong WSNs lifetime focusing on designing energy efficient communication protocols. A critical issue for data gathering in WSNs is the formation of energy holes near the sinks where sensor nodes participate more in relaying data on behalf of other sensors. The solution proposed in this dissertation is to use mobile sinks that change their location to overcome the formation of energy holes. First, a study of the improvement in network lifetime when sinks move along the perimeter of a hexagonal tiling is conveyed. Second, a design of a distributed and localized algorithm used by sinks to decide their next move is proposed. Two extensions of the distributed algorithm, coverage and time-delivery requirement, are also addressed. Sensor scheduling mechanisms are used to increase network lifetime by sending redundant sensor nodes to sleep. In this dissertation a localized connected dominating set based approach is used to optimize network lifetime of a composite event detection application. A set of active nodes form a connected set that monitor the environment and send data to sinks. After some time, a new active nodes set is chosen. Thus, network lifetime is prolonged by alternating the active sensors. QoS is another main issue encountered in WSNs because of the dynamically changing network topology. / This dissertation introduces an energy efficient QoS based routing for periodic and event-based reporting applications. A geographic routing mechanism combined with QoS support is used to forward packets in the network. Congestion control is achieved by using a ring or barrier mechanism that captures and aggregates messages that report the same event to the same sink. The main operations of the barrier mechanism are presented in this dissertation. / by Mirela Ioana Fonoage. / Vita. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Problemas de projeto de redes (PPRs) são muito importantes uma vez que envolvem uma série de aplicações em áreas da engenharia e ciências. Para solucionar as limitações de algoritmos convencionais para PPRs que envolvem redes complexas do mundo real (em geral modeladas por grafos completos ou mesmo esparsos de larga-escala), heurísticas, como os algoritmos evolutivos (EAs), têm sido investigadas. Trabalhos recentes têm mostrado que estruturas de dados adequadas podem melhorar significativamente o desempenho de EAs para PPRs. Uma dessas estruturas de dados é a representação nó-profundidade (NDE, do inglês Node-depth Encoding). Em geral, a aplicação de EAs com a NDE tem apresentado resultados relevantes para PPRs de larga-escala. Este trabalho investiga o desenvolvimento de uma nova representação, baseada na NDE, chamada representação nó-profundidade-grau (NDDE, do inglês Node-depth-degree Encoding). A NDDE é composta por melhorias nos operadores existentes da NDE e pelo desenvolvimento de novos operadores de reprodução possibilitando a recombinação de soluções. Nesse sentido, desenvolveu-se um operador de recombinação capaz de lidar com grafos não-completos e completos, chamado EHR (do inglês, Evolutionary History Recombination Operator). Foram também desenvolvidos operadores de recombinação que lidam somente com grafos completos, chamados de NOX e NPBX. Tais melhorias tem como objetivo manter relativamente baixa a complexidade computacional dos operadores para aumentar o desempenho de EAs para PPRs de larga-escala. A análise de propriedades de representações mostrou que a NDDE possui redundância, assim, foram propostos mecanismos para evitá-la. Essa análise mostrou também que o EHR possui baixa complexidade de tempo e não possui tendência, além de revelar que o NOX e o NPBX possuem uma tendência para árvores com topologia de estrela. A aplicação de EAs usando a NDDE para PPRs clássicos envolvendo grafos completos, tais como árvore geradora de comunicação ótima, árvore geradora mínima com restrição de grau e uma árvore máxima, mostrou que, quanto maior o tamanho das instâncias do PPR, melhor é o desempenho relativo da técnica em comparação com os resultados obtidos com outros EAs para PPRs da literatura. Além desses problemas, um EA utilizando a NDE com o operador EHR foi aplicado ao PPR do mundo real de reconfiguração de sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica (envolvendo grafos esparsos). Os resultados mostram que o EHR possibilita reduzir significativamente o tempo de convergência do EA / Network design problems (NDPs) are very important since they involve several applications from areas of Engineering and Sciences. In order to solve the limitations of traditional algorithms for NDPs that involve real world complex networks (in general, modeled by large-scale complete or sparse graphs), heuristics, such as evolutionary algorithms (EAs), have been investigated. Recent researches have shown that appropriate data structures can improve EA performance when applied to NDPs. One of these data structures is the Node-depth Encoding (NDE). In general, the performance of EAs with NDE has presented relevant results for large-scale NDPs. This thesis investigates the development of a new representation, based on NDE, called Node-depth-degree Encoding (NDDE). The NDDE is composed for improvements of the NDE operators and the development of new reproduction operators that enable the recombination of solutions. In this way, we developed a recombination operator to work with both non-complete and complete graphs, called EHR (Evolutionary History Recombination Operator). We also developed two other operators to work only with complete graphs, named NOX and NPBX. These improvements have the advantage of retaining the computational complexity of the operators relatively low in order to improve the EA performance. The analysis of representation properties have shown that NDDE is a redundant representation and, for this reason, we proposed some strategies to avoid it. This analysis also showed that EHR has low running time and it does not have bias, moreover, it revealed that NOX and NPBX have bias to trees like stars. The application of an EA using the NDDE to classic NDPs, such as, optimal communication spanning tree, degree-constraint minimum spanning tree and one-max tree, showed that the larger the instance is, the better the performance will be in comparison whit other EAs applied to NDPs in the literatura. An EA using the NDE with EHR was applied to a real-world NDP of reconfiguration of energy distribution systems. The results showed that EHR significantly decrease the convergence time of the EA

Sensors are shaping many activities in our society with an endless array of potential applications in military, civilian, and medical application. They support different real world applications ranging from common household appliances to complex systems. Technological advancement has enabled sensors to be used in medical applications, wherein they are deployed to monitor patients and assist disabled patients. Sensors have been invaluable in saving lives, be it a soldier's life in a remote battlefield or a civilian's life in a disaster area or natural calamities. In every application the sensors are deployed in a pre-defined manner to perform a specific function. Understanding the basic structure of a sensor node is essential as this would be helpful in using the sensors in devices and environments that have not been explored. In this research, patterns are used to present a more abstract view of the structure and architecture of sensor nodes and wireless sensor networks. This would help an application designer to choose from different types of sensor nodes and sensor network architectures for applications such as robotic landmine detection or remote patient monitoring systems. Moreover, it would also help the network designer to reuse, combine or modify the architectures to suit more complex needs. More importantly, they can be integrated with complete IT applications. One of the important applications of wireless sensor networks in the medical field is a remote patient monitoring system. In this work, patterns were developed to describe the architecture of patient monitoring system. / This pattern describes how to connect sensor nodes and other wireless devices with each other to form a network that aims to monitor the vital signs of a person and report it to a central system. This central system could be accessed by the patient's healthcare provider for treatment purposes. This system shows one of the most important applications of sensors and it application which needs to be integrated with medical records and the use of patterns makes this integration much simpler. / by Anupama Sahu. / Thesis (M.S.C.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Cloud Computing is security. In complex systems such as Cloud Computing, parts of a system are secured by using specific products, but there is rarely a global security analysis of the complete system. We have described how to add security to cloud systems and evaluate its security levels using a reference architecture. A reference architecture provides a framework for relating threats to the structure of the system and makes their numeration more systematic and complete. In order to secure a cloud framework, we have enumerated cloud threats by combining several methods because it is not possible to prove that we have covered all the threats. We have done a systematic enumeration of cloud threats by first identifying them in the literature and then by analyzing the activities from each of their use cases in order to find possible threats. These threats are realized in the form of misuse cases in order to understand how an attack happens from the point of view of an attacker. The reference architecture is used as a framework to determine where to add security in order to stop or mitigate these threats. This approach also implies to develop some security patterns which will be added to the reference architecture to design a secure framework for clouds. We finally evaluate its security level by using misuse patterns and considering the threat coverage of the models. / by Keiko Hashizume. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Zhou Yangfan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-112). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Chapter 1 --- Introduction and Background Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Wireless Sensor Networks --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Wireless Integrated Network Sensors --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Main Challenge of In-situ Sensing with Sensor Nodes: Limited Energy Resource --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Networking the Sensor Nodes --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks: A Summary --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Energy-Efficient and Reliable Wireless Sensor Networks --- p.9 / Chapter 2 --- PORT: A Price-Oriented Reliable Transport Protocol --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reliable Sensor-to-Sink Data Communications in Wireless Sensor Networks --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Related Work --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Protocol Requirements --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Design Considerations --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- The concept of node price --- p.25 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Link-loss rate estimation --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Routing scheme --- p.29 / Chapter 2.5 --- Protocol Description --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Task initialization --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Feedback of newly desired source reporting rates --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Feedback of wireless communication condition --- p.32 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Fault tolerance and scalability considerations --- p.33 / Chapter 2.6 --- Protocol Evaluation: A Case Study --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Simulation model --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Energy consumption comparison --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- The impact of reporting sensors' uncertainty distribution --- p.39 / Chapter 2.7 --- Conclusion --- p.40 / Chapter 3 --- Setting Up Energy-Efficient Paths --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1 --- Transmitter Power Setting for Energy-Efficient Sensor-to-Sink Data Communications --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- "Network, communication, and energy consumption models" --- p.46 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Transmitter power setting problem for energy-efficient sensor-to-sink data communications --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- Setting Up the Transmitter Power Levels for Sensor-to-Sink Traffic --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- BOU: the basic algorithm --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Packet implosion of BOU: the challenge --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Determining the waiting time before broadcasting --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- BOU-WA: an approximation approach --- p.60 / Chapter 3.3 --- Simulation Results --- p.62 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The comparisons of BOU and BOU-WA --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- The approximation of BOU-WA --- p.65 / Chapter 3.4 --- Related Work --- p.67 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion Remarks and Future Work --- p.69 / Chapter 4 --- Solving the Sensor-Grouping Problem --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Normalized Minimum Distance i:A Point-Distribution Index --- p.74 / Chapter 4.3 --- The Sensor-Grouping Problem --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Problem Formulation --- p.80 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- A General Sensing Model --- p.81 / Chapter 4.4 --- Maximizing-i Node-Deduction Algorithm for Sensor-Grouping Problem --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Maximizing-i Node-Deduction Algorithm --- p.84 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Incremental Coverage Quality Algorithm: A Benchmark for MIND --- p.86 / Chapter 4.5 --- Simulation Results --- p.87 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Number of Groups Formed by MIND and ICQA --- p.88 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- The Performance of the Resulting Groups --- p.89 / Chapter 4.6 --- Conclusion --- p.90 / Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.92 / Chapter A --- List of Research Conducted --- p.96 / Chapter B --- Algorithms in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 --- p.98 / Bibliography --- p.102

近年來感測器、集成電路及無線通信的科技迅速發展，促使IEEE802.15工作小組6（TG6）致力硏究一個新的無線通信標準─人體區域網路（BAN）。這個新標準特別考量在人體上、人體內或人體周邊的應用。雖然BAN至今還未達成最後定案，不同類型的應用方案已被廣泛提出。這些方案可分為醫療應用（例如：生命徵象感測和植入式治療）及非醫療應用（例如：消費性電子、個人娛樂和遙遠控制）。無線感測節點〈WSN）的基本要求包括輕巧、廉價及低耗電量。因此，本論文提出了一個符合以上要求的注入式鎖態發射機。此外，我們設計了三個發射機的內部模組。由於BAN的物理層例如調變方式和頻譜配置還未完全製訂，本文的電路設計將基於IEEE802.15 TG6的初步建議。 / 第一個模組是一個利用同相位雙路輸入及電流再使用技術的次毫瓦、第一次諧波LC注入式鎖態振盪器〈ILO）。該振盪器操作範圍在醫療植入式通訊服務〈MICS）頻段，並已採用了0.13-μm CMOS工藝實現而僅佔有200 m x 380 m芯片面積。實驗結果表明，在輸入動力0 dBm時，其鎖定範圍可達800 MHz (150 950 MHz) 。最重要的是，該ILO擁有-30 dBm的高輸入靈敏度，同時在1-V供電下只消耗660 A靜態電流。超低的靜態電流使WSN能從人體收集能量而變得完全自主。 / 第二個模組是一個低功耗MICS非整數型頻率合成器，其目的在於選擇信道。雖然整數鎖相環由於其低複雜性而被廣泛使用，對MICS頻段而言並不是一項良好方案。主要原因在於其信道寬只有300 kHz，速度、頻率解析度和相位雜訊變得很難平衡。為此，我們採用0.13-μm CMOS製程設計了一個4階第二型和差積分〈Σ-）調變器分數鎖相環。為了抑制混附單頻信號，二階單迴路數字Σ-調變器加入了抖動。仿真結果顯示該頻率合成器能在15 s內鎖定，同時在1.5-V供電下只消耗4 mW功耗。 / 第三個模組是一個高效能、完全集成的E類功率放大器〈PA）。該PA採用了自給偏壓反相器作為前置放大器，操作範圍在MICS頻段及工業、科學和醫學〈ISM）頻段。在0.18-m CMOS工藝下實現的該PA佔有0.9 mm x 0.7 mm芯片面積。實驗結果表明，在1.2-V供電下及操作頻率是433 MHz時，該PA的漏極效率及輸出功率分別可達40.2 %和14.7 dBm。當操作頻率從380 MHz 到460 MHz，該PA仍能保侍最少34.7 %的漏極效率。此設計適用於低數據傳輸率、固定振幅調變，例如：QPSK、OQPSK等。 / Recent technological advances in sensors, integrated circuits and wireless communication enable miniature devices located on, in or around the human body to form a new wireless communication standard called wireless Body Area Network (BAN). Although BAN is still being investigated by the IEEE 802.15 Task Group 6 (TG6), a vast variety of applications has been proposed which can be categorized into medical applications (e.g. vital signs monitoring and implantable therapeutic treatment) and non-medical applications (e.g. consumer electronics and remote control). The basic requirements of each Wireless Sensor Node (WSN) include light weight, small form-factor, low cost and low power consumption. This thesis proposes an injection-locked transmitter which is a potential candidate to minimize the power consumption of the RF transmitter in WSNs. Three circuit blocks in the proposed injection-locked transmitter are designed and implemented. Since the physical layer of BAN, such as modulation scheme and frequency allocation, has still not been finalized yet, the prototypes in this thesis are designed based on the preliminary suggestions made by the IEEE 802.15 TG6. / The first circuit block is a sub-mW, current-reused first-harmonic LC injection-locked oscillator (ILO) using in-phase dual-input injection technique, operating in the Medical Implantable Communications Service (MICS) band from 402MHz to 405 MHz for medical implants. It has been fabricated in a standard 0.13-m CMOS technology; occupying 200 m x 380 m. Measurement results show that the proposed ILO features a wide locking range of 800 MHz (150-950 MHz) at input power of 0 dBm. More importantly, it has a high input sensitivity of -30 dBm to lock the 3-MHz bandwidth of the MICS band, while consuming only 660 W at 1-V supply. This ultra-low power consumption enables autonomous WSNs by energy harvested from the human body. / The second circuit block is a low power MICS fractional-N frequency synthesizer for channel selection. Although integer-N phase-locked loop (PLL) is widely used due to its low circuit complexity, it is not considered as a good solution for MICS band where the channel spacing is just 300 kHz, due to the severe trade-off between speed, frequency resolution and phase noise performance. To solve this issue, a 4th-order type-II Σ- fractional-N PLL is designed using a standard 0.18-m CMOS technology. A 2nd-order single-loop digital Σ- modulator with dither is designed to eliminate the spurious tones. Simulation results verify that the synthesizer achieves 15 s locking time and consumes 4 mW at a power supply of 1.5 V. / Finally, a power-efficient fully-integrated class-E power amplifier with a self-biased inverter used as a preamplifier stage has been implemented in a standard 0.18-m CMOS process, with 0.9 mm x 0.7 mm active area. It operates in both MICS band for implantable devices and Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band for wearable devices. Experimental results shows that it achieves 40.2 % drain efficiency while output power is 14.7 dBm at 433 MHz under 1.2-V supply. Moreover, the drain efficiency maintains at least 34.7 % over the frequency range from 380 MHz to 460 MHz. This design is suitable for low data-rate, constant envelope modulation, such as QPSK, OQPSK, etc. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Li, Kwan Wai. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract of thesis entitled: --- p.I / 摘要 --- p.IV / Contents --- p.VI / List of Figures --- p.XI / List of Tables --- p.XVII / Acknowledgement --- p.XVIII / Chapter CHAPTER 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation for body area network (BAN) --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Standardization of BAN and its positioning between different communication technologies --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Classification of BAN and its potential applications --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Requirements and challenges of BAN --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Research objectives and organization of this dissertation --- p.9 / References --- p.11 / Chapter CHAPTER 2. --- Background information of biomedical transceivers --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1 --- MICS band --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Frequency allocation --- p.12 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Output power --- p.13 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Transmit spectral mask --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Transmit center frequency tolerance --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Channel model --- p.15 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Link budget --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Fundamental figure of merits for transceivers --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Noise figure, noise floor and receiver sensitivity --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Transmitter energy efficiency --- p.19 / References --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER 3. --- Review of transmitter architectures --- p.21 / Chapter 3.1 --- Overview --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Architectures --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Quadrature --- p.22 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Polar --- p.23 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- PLL-based --- p.24 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Injection-locked --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3 --- Radio architecture selection for biomedical systems in BAN --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Data-rate --- p.27 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Modulation scheme --- p.28 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Proposed transmitter architecture --- p.28 / References --- p.31 / Chapter CHAPTER 4. --- Design of sub-mW injection-locked oscillator --- p.33 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.34 / Chapter 4.2 --- Circuit design and analysis --- p.34 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental results --- p.47 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summary --- p.55 / References --- p.56 / Chapter CHAPTER 5. --- Design of low-power fractional-N frequency synthesizer --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1 --- Synthesizer architectures --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2 --- PLL design fundamentals --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Stability --- p.63 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Phase noise --- p.65 / Chapter 5.3 --- Proposed architecture --- p.67 / Chapter 5.4 --- System design --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- Stability --- p.68 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- Phase noise --- p.73 / Chapter 5.5 --- Σ modulation in fractional-N synthesis --- p.75 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- Basic operating principles --- p.76 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- An accumulator as a first-order Σ- modulator --- p.78 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- Noise analysis --- p.80 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- Architectures --- p.84 / Chapter 5.5.5 --- Design and modeling --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5.6 --- Digital circuit implementation --- p.99 / Chapter 5.5.7 --- Measurement results --- p.104 / Chapter 5.6 --- Time domain behavioral modeling --- p.104 / Chapter 5.7 --- Design of building blocks --- p.106 / Chapter 5.7.1 --- VCO --- p.107 / Chapter 5.7.1.1 --- Principles --- p.107 / Chapter 5.7.1.2 --- Circuit design --- p.111 / Chapter 5.7.2 --- PFD --- p.131 / Chapter 5.7.2.1 --- Principles --- p.131 / Chapter 5.7.2.2 --- Circuit design --- p.133 / Chapter 5.7.3 --- CP --- p.136 / Chapter 5.7.3.1 --- Principles --- p.136 / Chapter 5.7.3.2 --- Circuit design --- p.137 / Chapter 5.7.4 --- Frequency divider --- p.138 / Chapter 5.7.4.1 --- Principles --- p.138 / Chapter 5.7.4.2 --- Circuit design --- p.145 / Chapter 5.7.5 --- Loop filter --- p.148 / Chapter 5.8 --- Layout issues --- p.149 / Chapter 5.9 --- Overall simulation results --- p.150 / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary --- p.152 / References --- p.153 / Chapter CHAPTER 6. --- Design of high-efficient power amplifier --- p.154 / Chapter 6.1 --- Classification of PAs --- p.154 / Chapter 6.2 --- Circuit design considerations --- p.158 / Chapter 6.3 --- Experimental results --- p.160 / Chapter 6.4 --- Summary --- p.164 / References --- p.166 / Chapter CHAPTER 7. --- Conclusions and future work --- p.167 / Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusions --- p.167 / Chapter 7.2 --- Future work --- p.168 / References --- p.171

A methodology is proposed for designing performance optimized computer systems. The methodology uses software tools created for performance monitoring and evaluation of parallel programs, replacing actual hardware with a simulator modeling the hardware under development. We claim that a software environment can help hardware designers to make decisions on the architectural design level. A simulator executes real programs and provides access to performance monitors from user's code. The performance monitoring system collects data traces when running the simulator and the performance analysis module extracts performance data of interest, that are later displayed with visualization tools. Key features of our methodology are "plug and play" simulation and modeling hardware/software interaction during the process of hardware design. The ability to use different simulators gives the user flexibility to configure the system for the required functionality, accuracy and simulation performance. Evaluation of hardware performance based on results obtained by modeling hardware/software interaction is crucial for designing performance optimized computer systems. We have developed a software system, based on our design methodology, for performance evaluation of multicomputer interconnection networks. The system, called the Parsim Common Environment (PCE), consists of an instrumented network simulator that executes assembly language instructions, and performance analysis and visualization modules. Using PCE we have investigated a specific network design example. The system helped us spot performance problems, explain why they happened and find the ways to solve them. The obtained results agreed with observations presented in the literature, hence validating our design methodology and the correctness of the software performance evaluation system for hardware designs. Using software tools a designer can easily check different design options and evaluate the obtained performance results without the overhead of building expensive prototypes. With our system, data analysis that required 10 man-hours to complete manually took just a couple of seconds on a Sparc-4 workstation. Without experimentation with the simulator and the performance evaluation environment one might build an expensive hardware prototype, expecting improved performance, and then be disappointed with poorer results than expected. Our tools help designers spot and solve performance problems at early stages of the hardware design process.

J.G. Linvill. / "March 14, 1950." / Bibliography: p. 28. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W36-039 sc-32037 Project No. 102B. Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1995.