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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Marcadores prognósticos de evolução neonatal de recém-nascidos de termo portadores de asfixia perinatal / Prognostic markers of neonatal outcome newborn term patients with perinatal asphyxia

Nadia Sandra Orozco Vargas 11 June 2012 (has links)
A asfixia perinatal e sua mais grave complicação, a encefalopatia hipóxicoisquêmica (EHI) são causas de elevada mortalidade e de sequelas neurológicas no recém-nascido (RN). Evidencias de comprometimento cerebral podem ser detectadas logo na primeira semana de vida e o diagnóstico precoce é de grande importância para o tratamento e seguimento. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a prevalência de asfixia perinatal e de EHI; analisar a utilidade de quatro marcadores sanguíneos: transaminase glutâmica oxalacética (TGO), transaminase glutâmica pirúvica (TGP), desidrogenasse láctica (DHL) e Creatina Quinase MB (CK-MB) coletados ao nascimento, com 24 e 72 horas de vida, como sinalizadores de lesões cerebrais nos RN asfixiados; identificar a presença de alterações neurológicas clínicas pelo Escore de Sarnat e Sarnat (1976) com 24 e 72 horas e com 28 dias de vida e identificar e descrever a presença de lesões cerebrais detectadas pela ultrassonografia de crânio com 24 e 72 horas e com 28 dias de vida. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte prospectivo no qual foram incluídos RN de termo que apresentaram asfixia perinatal pelo critério de Buonocore (presença ao nascimento de pelo menos dois das seguintes condições clínico-laboratoriais: acidose metabólica com níveis de pH 7,20, Boletim de Apgar no quinto minuto de vida < 6, necessidade de fração inspirada de oxigênio 0,40 para manter uma saturação de oxigênio de 86%). Para realização do pH e dos marcadores bioquímicos foi coletado sangue logo ao nascimento, com 24 e 72 horas de vida. O exame clínico segundo critérios de Sarnat e Sarnat foi realizado com 24 e 72 horas e com 28 dias de vida e a ultrassonografia de crânio nos mesmos momentos. RESULTADOS: De 2.989 nascidos vivos durante o período do estudo, 28 recém-nascidos apresentaram asfixia perinatal (1% do total de nascimentos) e a EHI foi evidenciada em 21,42%. A enzima CK-MB se mostrou um bom marcador de asfixia, pois todos os valores foram superiores a 5,10 ng/ml, e se correlacionaram positivamente com as alterações apresentadas no exame clínico de Sarnat e com a ultrassonografia transfontanela. Os valores das outras enzimas como TGO (24h), TGO e TGP (72h) também se correlacionaram positivamente com as alterações ultrassonográficas as quais mostraram alteração em 3,5% dos pacientes com 24 horas de vida, 25% com 72 horas e 28,6% com 28 dias. A ultrassonografia de crânio com 28 dias mostrou aumento estatisticamente significante, no percentual de resultados anormais quando comparado com o observado com 24h (p=0,039), apesar dos estágios de Sarnat terem melhorado, com maior número de pacientes com estágio I no decorrer dos 28 dias. CONCLUSOES: A prevalência de asfixia perinatal e da EHI estão dentro da faixa citada na literatura. O melhor marcador bioquímico nesta casuística foi a isoenzima CK-MB e se correlacionou com as alterações apresentadas no exame clínico de Sarnat e na USG de crânio. A curva ROC mostrou: os valores de CK-MB de 24 horas em relação à USG de crânio de 72 horas Sensibilidade de 85,7%, Especificidade de 85,7% e Acurácia de 85,7%. O escore clínico de Sarnat não se alterou depois de 72 horas e apresentou correlação com as alterações na USG de crânio e este método de imagem foi adequado para detecção de lesões crebrais precoces e com 28 dias de vida / Perinatal asphyxia and its most serious complication, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are causes of high mortality and neurological sequelae in the newborn (NB). Evidence of cerebral impairment can be detected in the first week of life and early diagnosis is very important for the treatment and follow-up. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and HIE; consider the usefulness of four blood markers: glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) collected the birth, with 24 and 72 hours of life, as markers of brain damage in asphyxiated infants, to identify the presence of neurological clinical score by Sarnat and Sarnat (1976) with 24 and 72 hours and 28 days of life and describe the presence of brain lesions detected by cranial ultrasound with 24 and 72 hours and 28 days. METHOD: A prospective cohort study which included fullterm infants who had perinatal asphyxia by Buonocore criteria (presence at birth of at least two of the following clinical and laboratory conditions: metabolic acidosis with pH levels of the umbilical vein 7.20, Apgar score in the fifth minute of life <6, need for inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) 0.40 to maintain an oxygen saturation of 86%). To perform the pH and biochemical markers of blood was collected at birth, 24 and 72 hours of life. Clinical examination according to criteria of Sarnat and Sarnat was performed with 24 and 72 hours and 28 days of life and cranial ultrasound was performed in the same time. RESULTS: Of 2989 live births during the study period, 28 had asphyxia (1% of total births) and HIE was found in 21.42%. The CK-MB showed that all above normal values (<5.10ng/ml) and correlated with the changes presented in the clinical examination of Sarnat and the USG transfontanelle. The values of other enzymes such as GOT (24h), GOT and GPT (72h) also correlated positively with the brain lesins detected by cranial ultrasound in 3.5% of patients with 24 hours of life, 25% at 72 hours and 28 6% after 28 days. Ultrasonography of brain at 28 days showed a statistically significant increase in the percentage of abnormal results when compared with that observed at 24h (p = 0.039), despite the Sarnat stages have improved, with larger numbers of patients with stage I during the 28 days. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of perinatal asphyxia and HIE is within the range cited in literature. The best biochemical marker in this series was the CK-MB and correlated with the changes presented in the clinical examination of Sarnat and ultrasound transfontanelle. The ROC curve showed: values of CK-MB of 24 hours and USG 72 hours sensitivity of 85.7%, specificity of 85.7% and accuracy of 85.7%. The clinical Sarnat score did not change after 72 hours and correlated with changes in ultrasound transfontanelle and this imaging method proved to be an appropiate study to detect brain lesions early and with 28 days of life
172

Caracterização dos programas de Triagem Auditiva Neonatal no Brasil / Characterization of Newborn Hearing Screening Programs in Brazil

Nunes, Cristiane Cervelli 15 October 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristiane Cervelli Nunes.pdf: 1296567 bytes, checksum: b929f7511e6caa9a040229aaf0937f89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-10-15 / To investigate the situation of the newborn Hearing screening in public and private hospital/maternities, where babies delivery are performed in Brazil. The list of hospitals followed the DATASUS information. Method: a digital questionnaire was sent by email, in order to make the survey about the type of hospital, and also about the information concerning if the hospital is performing the screening, financial, approach, methodology and difficulties to implement the hearing screening. The responses were sent to statistical analyses. Results: In Brazil, according to DATASUS, there are 3571 facilities delivering babies. It was sent 1987 (55,6%) emails, which addresses were available. South and Southeast regions were considered the ones with the best net communication available. For 966 hospitals it was possible to confirm the email arrival, but only 69 (7,1%) answered the questionnaire, being 22 of them (31,9%) belonging to Rede Cegonha , a network of hospitals with federal government support to develop delivery best practice actions. Although there is a federal law since 2010, making mandatory the newborn hearing screening, it was noted that a lot of hospitals did not implemented this health care action for the babies. All hospitals responding the survey would like to have a NHS program, except one, because this facility is too small to support such a cost. Conclusions: There was a very low adherence to the present survey from hospitals, limiting the research to 7,1% of the total of hospitals. There is the necessity of partnerships in order to inform most hospitals about protocols, risk indicators, and network established for diagnostic and management of the hearing loss in babies / Realizar um diagnóstico situacional da implantação da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) nos hospitais/maternidades, públicas e privadas, que realizam partos no Brasil, e listadas no DATASUS. Método: Através do levantamento de dados por meio de um questionário enviado de forma digital, contendo questões que possibilitaram caracterizar as instituições participantes e colher todas as informações necessárias para o desenvolvimento do estudo, como informação dos hospitais, da triagem auditiva na instituição, abordagem, técnicas e protocolos para, posteriormente, realizar a tabulação e análise das informações colhidas. Resultados No Brasil segundo o DATASUS há 3571 maternidades distribuídas nas cinco regiões geográficas. Em um total de 3571 maternidades, foram enviados 1987 correios eletrônicos totalizando 55,6% das maternidades, sendo que 1584 maternidades, 44,4% não constavam um endereço eletrônico para contato. Pudemos perceber que as regiões sudeste e sul, estão com a rede de comunicação mais organizada do que as outras regiões. Dos 966 hospitais que confirmaram o recebimento da mensagem, apenas 69 (7,1%) responderam o questionário. Destes 69 hospitais que responderam o questionário, 22 (31,9%) são da rede Cegonha. Identificou-se que apesar da Lei Federal nº12.303 de agosto/2010 determinar que todos os neonatos nascidos vivos dentro do território nacional devem, obrigatoriamente, passar pelo exame de emissões otoacústicas evocadas (EOA), identificamos que muitos hospitais não o fazem. Todos os hospitais que não realizam a TAN disseram que gostariam de realizá-la, exceto um hospital público municipal da região Sul, que alegou que o hospital é pequeno e não consegue realizar o serviço. Conclusão: Houve baixa adesão das instituições no preenchimento do questionário eletrônico enviado a visando caracterizar a Triagem Auditiva Neonatal no país. O objetivo de realizar diagnóstico situacional da implantação da Triagem Auditiva Neonatal (TAN) nos hospitais/maternidades, públicas e privadas que realizam partos no Brasil, e listados no DATASUS ficou limitado aos hospitais que enviaram respostas e, portanto parecem representar aqueles preocupados com a implantação e avaliação da TAN. Em um momento político de estabelecimento de diretrizes e regulamentação de sua implantação, parece que há muito a ser feito e parcerias serão necessárias para a implantação, avaliação e formação de rede de acompanhamento dos bebês identificados. Dentre os respondentes, 7,1% do total de questionários enviados, quase metade (45%) dos hospitais não realizam a TAN, mesmo com a determinação da lei federal nº12.303 de 2 de agosto de 2010. No entanto, tiveram interesse em responder ao questionário e explicar seus motivos
173

Effects of lung injury on neonatal thrombocytopoiesis. / CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection

January 2002 (has links)
Yang Jie. / "January, 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 204-250). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.
174

A study on the growth profile and factors affecting the rate of growthof new born babies in Hong Kong

Au, Man-tak., 區萬德. January 1991 (has links)
published_or_final_version / Applied Statistics / Master / Master of Social Sciences
175

Assisted respiration in the treatment of neonatal tetanus.

January 1967 (has links)
Thesis (MD)-University of Natal, Durban, 1967.
176

Factors predicting hospital readmission of normal newborns

Kelly, Mary, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-148). Also issued in print.
177

The relationship between maternal cigarette smoking and newborn Apgar scores a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... /

Brown, Karen M. January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1980.
178

The relationship between maternal cigarette smoking and newborn Apgar scores a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... /

Brown, Karen M. January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1980.
179

Factors predicting hospital readmission of normal newborns

Kelly, Mary, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 141-148).
180

A comparison of two methods of oxygen therapy after extubation of a neonate

Van Schoor, Diane 06 December 2011 (has links)
M.Cur. / Neonates born with respiratory distress require supplementary oxygen. In some cases it is necessary to ventilate these neonates in order to obtain adequate tissue oxygenation. Due to the potential complications of mechanical ventilation it is necessary to extubate the neonate as soon as possible after intubation and administer supplementary oxygen by an alternate method. Any form of oxygen therapy carries the risk of oxygen toxicity. It is therefore essential that the method of oxygen therapy opted for after extubation will result in the infant being weaned in the shortest time possible. In the two NICUs from which the sample was taken for this study, neonates are currently extubated and placed either in a head box, on nasal CP AP or on a nasal cannula, these being the methods used to administer oxygen to a neonate. The decision regarding the method of choice is currently directed by customary practices rather than physiological variables as indicators/criteria of effectiveness. The questions that arise from the research problem are as follows: • Which physiological variables should be considered when faced with the decision regarding the method of oxygen therapy to initiate after extubation of a neonate? • Are there any differences in the effectiveness of the two methods of oxygen therapy, namely headbox and nasal cannula, after extubation of a neonate? The purpose of this study was to compare two methods of oxygen therapy, after extubation of the neonate with respiratory distress syndrome, in an attempt to formulate guidelines; based on physiological variables as criteria/indicators of effectiveness. After analyzing the data, as described in Chapter 4, it became evident that it would not be possible to formulate guidelines. Therefore only a comparison was done between the two methods of oxygen therapy (headbox and nasal cannula,) based on both biographical and physiological variables as criteria/indicators, to determine whether there were any significant differences in the effectiveness of the two methods after extubation of the neonate.

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