Many scholars who study in social mobility have observed that the social status of the father does influence their children on how they will gain their social status in the future; however, it is the education those children receive that strongly influences their status in society. As the government proceeds with the policy of "Go South" and grants people the permission of visiting their relatives that dwell in Mainland China, an unrest wave of cross-border marriage was thus brought up. At the moment, it has been the time that the second generation of these cross- border marriages enters school and begins their compulsory education. According to several scholars' observation, these people who are cross- borderly engaged receive lower social status; therefore, the issue that whether their children would confront difficulties when they receive education has obviously become a fervent topic of public affairs. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate the children of the newly immigrant brides who have been in the elementary schools of Peng-hu County in the school year of 2003. In this research, the family background of the students is independent variable while the students¡¦ self-adaptation in elementary school is a dependent variable. How these variables influence one another are discussed in this study in order to figure out whether these children of newly immigrant brides confront any specific difficulties if they are facing problems in their learning at schools. Questionnaires were distributed for the empinical data, and the results were examined through descriptives, t-test,ANOVA and chi-square test, and after which, further inference and calculations were made. The findings of the study show as follow: 1. The school performance, learning attitude and the self-adaptation of the children of newly immigrant brides in Peng-hu County does not fall behind those of native children. This result differs to the general perceptions that the adaptation of these children from newly immigrant brides can not catch up with other native children. 2. The families of these newly immigrant brides in Peng-hu tend to be with low social and economical status. 3. The children whose mother come from Mainland China embrace better performance in language learning than native children, especially in learning ¡§Chinese spelling alphabets¡¨ and ¡§oral speaking competence.¡¨ However, no significant differences were found among these children in learning mathematics . 4. A mother¡¦s Mandarin ability influences her children¡¦s academic performance. 5. The writing ability of children of newly immigrant brides in Peng-hu County depends on the proportion between teacher and student at school. Suggestion: It is the first time we face the issue that the second generation of these cross- border marriages begin their education in school in Taiwan. If the survey could be directed and made by the Ministry of Education, different results come from differednt region study and different approaches could possibly be avoided, and the wrong decision making could also be prevented.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 283-316).

Background: In clinical practice, the responsibilities of frontline registered nurses (RNs) include providing patient care as well as precepting students and new staff nurses. The role has been acknowledged as demanding and challenging in acute healthcare settings and the importance of the preceptor role for the ease of the new nurses’ transition to clinical settings has been discussed in the literature. However, less is known about the nurses’ experiences as preceptors in the pediatric acute clinical setting. The purpose of this research was to explore and describe the experiences of RNs as preceptors when they precept newly hired registered nurses in pediatrics settings. Method: An interpretive descriptive design was used to guide the research process. Semi-structured one-on-one interviews, both in-person and virtual, were carried out with five preceptors who are registered nurses in an Ontario hospital. The real-life experiences of these participants are reported using their rich descriptions of events. Data collection and analysis were conducted concurrently and informed by the Braun and Clark (2006) framework. Results: Findings were grouped under the following three themes: the duality role of pediatric nurses; experiences of preceptor pediatrics nurses; and pediatric nurse preceptors’ needs. Implications: This study demonstrates that the role of the registered nurse as a preceptor is diverse and demanding, and that preceptors need to be supported by various stakeholders to ensure that they can carry out their role effectively. Recommendations are made for future practice, education, and research. Keywords: Preceptor, preceptorship, precepting, registered nurses, newly hired registered nurses, newly graduated nurses, acute healthcare, pediatrics / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / In clinical practice, registered nurses play not only the bedside healthcare provider role but also, they play the preceptor role. This role can be both difficult and challenging. Therefore, it is important to understand registered nurses’ experiences as preceptors in clinical settings. The goal of this study was to gain an understanding of the registered nurses’ experiences as preceptors for newly hired registered nurses in pediatric healthcare settings. This study showed that preceptors were aware of their dual role, shared experiences of feeling awarded, and discussed challenges they encountered when precepting. Finally, they identified some of their needs that they believed may assist them when being involved in the preceptor-preceptee relationship. It is important to acknowledge the challenges that preceptors encounter when precepting new nurses into the clinical area. Furthermore, it is imperative to prepare nurses for the preceptor role to ensure effective preceptor-preceptee relationships and improve preceptees retention and competence in their role.

Published Article / The central regions of South Africa experienced an abnormally high precipitation during the first quarter of 2009, thus resulting in an unusually high probability of veld fires due to the excessive amounts of fuel / grass available. In South Africa the process of land redistribution was recently drastically accelerated. This implies that many newly settled black farmers are fanning but still need to be trained in various aspects of farm management. Unfortunately, in most cases this training did not include environmental management, which among others, implies managing and preparing for veld fires. The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry also does not have sufficient funding to cover all these aspects and a regional collaborative plan must therefore be developed. In addition to this, in an attempt to alleviate poverty, many other previously disadvantaged people in South Africa must be assisted in establishing small business enterprises. This paper will highlight a process to be followed to train and coordinate all farmers and simultaneously establish business opportunities that will remove some of the fuel (grasses and shrubs) in order to reduce the risk and intensity of winter and spring veld fires.

Published research on diabetes in Ghana is quite limited and relates mainly to incidence and prevalence of the disease with little research on the patients experiences of coping with the diabetes. It is estimated that diabetes affects 6.3% of the Ghanaian population with type 2 diabetes accounting for 90-95% of all cases of diabetes. In Ghana, individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus are confronted with difficulties including the high cost of treatment of the condition, stigmatization, and interruptions to normal physiological processes. In addition, the patients experience, limited clinic accessibility, inadequate drug availability, inadequate numbers of trained staff, as well as limited availability of equipment needed for adequate care of the condition. The review of literature for this current thesis also showed that none of the studies on coping were undertaken in Ghana, but were conducted in the western world where socio-cultural factors are quite diverse from the Ghanaian situation. In the light of the challenges facing diabetic patients as well as the gap observed in literature, the study set out to explore the coping strategies of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a hospital in Ghana. A hermeneutic phenomenological approach to qualitative research was utilized. Twenty seven (27) in-depth interviews carried out with newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes, between August and October 2009 at a hospital in Ghana. Interviews were conducted in the local Ghanaian Twi language and English. Participants who could not speak English were interviewed in Twi language and later translated into English by the researcher. Data analysis used Creswell (1998) approach to qualitative data analysis, which provided a rich description of the essential structures of the phenomenon under study. The study identified patients’ perceptions as to the causes of diabetes mellitus, the social meanings attributed to diabetes (with particular attention paid to the language by Ghanaian people to describe disease condition), and subsequently reactions and resolutions to diagnosis. Patients discussed treatment options, while at the same time remaining hopeful of finding a cure. All patients had a firm spiritual belief system that underpinned their understanding of the causation and treatment of their illness. This combined with various degrees of understanding and acceptance of western explanations of illness influenced the coping strategies employed by patients, which variously reported as positive, negative, and alternative strategies. The study establishes a platform upon which health providers can develop educational programmes for diabetic patients in Ghana, which will address misconceptions about diabetes mellitus in Ghana and the importance of programmes of care, which take account of and build upon the cultural context of ‘being Ghanaian’. Diabetes, at least for Ghanaian patients is more than a biomedical disease. In this sense a biomedical framework in and of itself will not enable healthcare providers to effectively manage this chronic disease in the Ghanaian population, but through the inclusion of an understanding of their spiritual beliefs, healthcare providers can understand the realities of what it is like for Ghanaian diabetes patients to live with diabetes. It is argued that a stronger collaboration and integration between traditional healthcare systems and orthodox healthcare systems will provide the optimum opportunity to maximize patient care in Ghana. Future research should concentrate on better understanding how lay knowledge and health related attitudes, beliefs and behaviours are associated with diabetes in Ghana.

Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Ioannis Mouratidis Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. Petr Pávek Ph.D. Testing of newly synthesized compounds with constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) Interactions of a diverse array of nuclear receptors with numerous isolated compounds (ligands) have been extensively investigated during the last years. The reason of this intense research activity is, of course, the wide therapeutic potential of the nuclear receptors super- family. It is known that they interact with the metabolism and excretion of various compounds, endogenous or exogenous that interfere with the homeostasic mechanisms of the living organisms. In my study, I tested the activation of a specific orphan nuclear receptor known as constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). I tested 11 structurally different compounds as well as a known inhibitor of CAR (clotrimazole) and an activator (CITCO). To test these interactions between these compounds and CAR, I used the method of the mammalian two- hybrid system, a method where ligand-protein interactions are studied in an environment close to that in vivo. The method is based on the Dual-Luciferase Reporter kit, which made the quantification of the CAR responsive luciferase reporter...

This case study research explores the effects of emotional support on four newly qualified Foundation Phase teachers in their first year of teaching, and how this affects their ability to teach reading. The research is qualitative and draws on data from from four sources to construct and interpret the different experiences of support within a conceptual framework derived from literature on the subject. The literature review is presented in two sections. Section 1 investigates the essential components of a reading programme to establish if the teachers were adequately prepared during pre-service training. Section 2 investigates the effects of support on newly qualified teachers‟ ability to teach. A key theme from Section 2 suggests that appropriate support positively affects first year teachers‟ ability to teach and implement the skills and knowledge acquired during pre-service training. Each teacher kept a journal, completed a questionnaire and was observed and interviewed between April and November 2008. The research draws out themes from the data about the support experienced by the participants during their first year and then correlates these experiences to their teaching of reading. Key findings suggest that these newly qualified teachers perceived themselves to be adequately prepared to teach reading but, without adequate support, they struggled to implement their newly acquired skills and knowledge and resorted to less effective strategies. This research seeks to add to the literature on how to support newly qualified teachers in their first year as a means to improving the teaching of reading in the Foundation Phase. in South African schools.

Chinese newly rich consumers have gained substantial power in the luxury sector through their conspicuous consumption. Chinese consumers’ lack of cultural capital and inexperience in the purchase and use of material commodities in the luxury consumption field has led many to associate their conspicuous consumption with pecuniary display of their newly acquired economic capital. Scholars have either used cultural globalisation theory to suggest that the Chinese consumers are embracing and emulating Western material culture, or have used Chinese face theory to explain their conspicuous consumption in terms of the social norms associated with Chinese family kinship and peer group pressure. This study attempts to look beyond both these assumptions, and for the first time seek a detailed and holistic understanding of Chinese newly rich consumers’ status consumption practices, particularly the relationships between personal taste and the social structure and cultural forces shaping individual taste in the consumption field struggle. Hence, the research question is “What status consumption practices do Chinese newly rich consumers engage in to compete for social distinction through luxury fashion consumption?” Bourdieu’s field analysis has been undertaken in order to enable a new understanding of Chinese newly rich consumers’ luxury consumption practices. The key concepts; cultural capital, habitus, and fields (Doxa and Illusio), have been discussed with respect to Chinese social conditions. Using luxury fashion as a potent example of conspicuous consumption, a qualitative study has been conducted among ten carefully selected Chinese newly rich consumers (Generation 1) residents of Beijing. Data analysis has shown that informants used two distinctive status consumption practices, namely, the materialist status consumption practice, and the cultural idealist status consumption practice (Holt, 1998), which are aligned with their social trajectory route, volume and the composition of their cultural capital. Informants’ cultural idealist status consumption practice indicated two important forms of cultural capital as social distinction: embodied cultural capital and ‘deterritorialized cultural capital’ (Üstüner & Holt, 2010). The embodied cultural capital has been accrued through early socialization, centered on intellectual cultivation and nonmaterialistic daily lives, whereas the ‘deterritorialized cultural capital’ has been accrued in a similar fashion to their Turkish high cultural capital (HCC) counterparts (Üstüner & Holt, 2010), through engagement with the West, despite only having this contact during adulthood, unlike the Turkish HCC. These two forms of cultural capital are centered on non-materialistic aesthetic driven consumption practices, which are similar to Bourdieu’s (1984) and Holt’s (1998) HCC consumers’ cultural idealist consumption practices. Thus, the thesis answers calls for more detailed analyses of consumption practices in Less Industrialised Countries. In doing so it both confirms the suitability of Bourdieu for the study of consumption practices in an Eastern context and provides new insights into the Chinese newly rich group’s consumption practices in the field of luxury fashion.

<p>Purpose:</p><p>Only 60 percent of the newly started companies survive their three first years. The purpose of this report is to obtain a deeper understanding regarding how newly started companies work with their positioning and if there are some kind of a relationship between positioning and the survival rate of newly started companies.</p><p>Research questions:</p><p>Do newly started companies know what position is? Do they incorporate positioning in their day to day marketing?</p><p>Approach:</p><p>We have used a hypothetical-deductive way of reasoning and a qualitative study to gather the information needed. We have through interviews asked our questions to six newly started companies in three different cities.</p><p>Findings:</p><p>In our essay, we reached the conclusion that newly started companies do not spend sufficient time or energy on positioning their products. The companies interviewed only market their product as a good product. They did not highlight or position the product as having additional benefits in comparison to similar products and the companies included in our study did not have a positioning strategy.</p><p>Conclusions:</p><p>We would like to advice all newly started companies to look into the competitive advantages they can gain through their positioning. We would also advice them to develop a positioning strategy giving them a clearer understanding of how to communicate their uniqueness to their customers.</p><p>Value of research:</p><p>Only 60 percent of the newly started companies survive their three first years. In our study we researched newly started companies work with positioning and we looked at the relationship between positioning and the survival rate among newly started companies. Our conclusion in this study is that the companies did not have a positioning strategy. This can be one reason why the survival rate among newly started companies is so low and we find this interesting issue for further research.</p><p>Key words:</p><p>positioning, marketing, newly started companies</p>

Purpose: Only 60 percent of the newly started companies survive their three first years. The purpose of this report is to obtain a deeper understanding regarding how newly started companies work with their positioning and if there are some kind of a relationship between positioning and the survival rate of newly started companies. Research questions: Do newly started companies know what position is? Do they incorporate positioning in their day to day marketing? Approach: We have used a hypothetical-deductive way of reasoning and a qualitative study to gather the information needed. We have through interviews asked our questions to six newly started companies in three different cities. Findings: In our essay, we reached the conclusion that newly started companies do not spend sufficient time or energy on positioning their products. The companies interviewed only market their product as a good product. They did not highlight or position the product as having additional benefits in comparison to similar products and the companies included in our study did not have a positioning strategy. Conclusions: We would like to advice all newly started companies to look into the competitive advantages they can gain through their positioning. We would also advice them to develop a positioning strategy giving them a clearer understanding of how to communicate their uniqueness to their customers. Value of research: Only 60 percent of the newly started companies survive their three first years. In our study we researched newly started companies work with positioning and we looked at the relationship between positioning and the survival rate among newly started companies. Our conclusion in this study is that the companies did not have a positioning strategy. This can be one reason why the survival rate among newly started companies is so low and we find this interesting issue for further research. Key words: positioning, marketing, newly started companies