Texte remanié de: Th.--Austin--University of Texas, 1982.

Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Devil on the Cross represents both an insightful interpretation and a scathing critique of Kenyan politics and society during the period of neo-colonialism. The present thesis aims to explore, with the help of Marxist ideology and criticism, the relevance of the issues of class struggle, elitism and social collectivism in the novel. At the same time, this study will attempt to define Devil on the Cross as a "national allegory" depicting situations that are common to almost all post-colonial societies, and in particular, how the novel's ideological and political commitment is an important feature as it reflects Ngugi’s effort to draw attention to how Kenya and Africa as a whole suffered from imperialism, neo-colonialism, and a corrupt and greedy capitalist society.

Diss.--Francfort-sur-le-Main--Université, 1990.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-29T15:23:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagohoraciolott.pdf: 766734 bytes, checksum: 46eefb7b6db809814e1fe41ae8f378ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T19:49:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagohoraciolott.pdf: 766734 bytes, checksum: 46eefb7b6db809814e1fe41ae8f378ad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-29T19:49:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagohoraciolott.pdf: 766734 bytes, checksum: 46eefb7b6db809814e1fe41ae8f378ad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T19:49:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tiagohoraciolott.pdf: 766734 bytes, checksum: 46eefb7b6db809814e1fe41ae8f378ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A intenção deste trabalho é demonstrar como a dinâmica da produção artística/intelectual do autor queniano Ngugi wa Thiong’o, cujos trabalhos ganharam notoriedade a partir da segunda metade do século XX – principalmente pelo tom contestatório e posição anticolonial e anti-imperialista – é sintomática da resistência promovida por alguns intelectuais e operada no seio das nações da África, desde a composição de peças teatrais com a ajuda de camponeses, passando pela ficção em língua inglesa ou, como o próprio Ngugi aponta em Decolonising the mind (1986), uma língua afro-europeia, entrando em sua mais radical e talvez famigerada fase: a recusa do uso de uma língua não-africana para produzir sua literatura, chegando, enfim, ao ponto que nos parece ser seu (entre)lugar: a autotradução de Murogi wa kagogo, de 2004, romance escrito primeiramente em quicuio e vertido para o inglês com o título de Wizard of the crow, em 2006. Há, no nosso entendimento, um movimento entre posições maniqueístas, nas quais o escritor assume uma postura especular, trabalhando aqui com o conceito proposto por Abdul R. JanMohamed, isto é, o sujeito se coloca ou em um determinado lócus de enunciação, quer seja o de total assimilação da cultura do colonizador, ou na margem oposta dessa: a de total rejeição do status quo, da língua e cultura do dominador alóctone. Não obstante, o encaminhamento de nosso trabalho intentou apontar não para as posições especulares assumidas por Ngugi (embora essas nos pareçam processos fundamentais na obra do autor), mas justamente a escolha por um locus de enunciação terceiro, uma “terceira margem do rio”, como fundamento para uma postura de tom sincrético, na qual o trânsito entre as distintas tradições a partir das quais esse sujeito é formado possam dialogar, evidenciando a existência de uma e de outra. O título A reescritura e a diferença: estratégias de descolonização na obra de Ngugi wa Thiong’o é uma tentativa de aproximar um corpus teórico que pudesse abarcar pensamentos advindos dos Estudos Culturais, da Filosofia e, principalmente, dos Estudos da Tradução, além das análises próprias dos Estudos Literários, área primeira do presente trabalho. O referencial bibliográfico evidencia pensamentos de Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Edward Said, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Antoine Berman, André Lefevere, Walter Benjamin, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, John Samuel Mbiti, Simon Gikandi e, naturalmente, do próprio Ngugi, entre outros. / The intention of this work is to demonstrate how the dynamics of the artistic/ intellectual production of the Kenyan author Ngugi wa Thiong'o, whose works have gained notoriety from the second half of the twentieth century - especially by its oposing tone and anti-colonial and anti-imperialist position - is symptomatic of the resistance promoted by some intellectuals and operated within the African nations, from the composition of plays with the help of peasants, through fiction in English or, as Ngugi points in Decolonising the mind (1986), an Afro-European language, entering in his most radical and perhaps infamous stage: the refusal of the use of a non-African language to produce his literature, coming at last to the point that seems to be his in-between ness: the self-translation of Murogi wa Kagogo (2004) novel written in Kikuyu translated to English under the title of Wizard of the Crow, in 2006. There is, in our perception, a movement between Manichean positions, in which the writer assumes a speculate stand, working here with the concept proposed by Abdul R. Jan Mohamed, that is, the subject put shim self in a locus of enunciation, whether the total assimilation of the colonizing culture, or on the opposite side of that: the total rejection of the status quo. However, our work intended to point not for the specular positions taken by Ngugi (although they appear to be fundamental processes in his works), but to the choice of a third locus of enunciation, as the foundation for a syncretic one posture, in which the traffic between the different traditions from which this subject is for med can dialogue, demonstrating the existence of one and the other. The title, The rewriting and the difference: decolonization strategies in the work of Ngugi wa Thiong'o, is an attempt to approach a theoretical corpus that could encompass arising thoughts of Cultural Studies, Philosophy, and especially of the Translation Studies, besides the analysis of the Literary Studies, first area of this work. The bibliographic references reveal thoughts of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, Edward Said, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Antoine Berman, André Lefevere, Walter Benjamin, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, John Samuel Mbiti, Simon Gikandi and of course, Ngugi himself, among others.

abstract: Kiran Nagarkar, who won the Sahitya Akedemi Award in India for his English language writing, is a man who attracts controversy. Despite the consistent strength of his literary works, his English novels have become a lightning rod - not because they are written in English, but because Nagarkar was a well-respected Marathi writer before he began writing in English. Although there are other writers who have become embroiled in the debate over the politics of discourse, the response to Nagarkar's move from Marathi and his subsequent reactions perfectly illustrate the repercussions that accompany such dialectical decisions. Nagarkar has been accused of myriad crimes against his heritage, from abandoning a dedicated readership to targeting more profitable Western markets. Careful analysis of his writing, however, reveals that his novels are clearly written for a diverse Indian audience and offer few points of accessibility for Western readers. Beyond his English language usage, which is actually intended to provide readability to the most possible Indian nationals, Nagarkar also courts a variegated Indian audience by developing upon traditional Indian literary conceits and allusions. By composing works for a broad Indian audience, which reference cultural elements from an array of Indian ethnic groups, Nagarkar's writing seems to push toward the development of the seemingly impossible: a novel that might unify India, and present such a cohesive cultural face to the world at large. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. English 2011

This thesis involves a theoretical study of the dynamics of cultural interaction as represented in Ngugi wa Thiong'o's A Grain of Wheat, Zora Neale Hurston's Jonah's Gourd Vine and Their Eyes Were Watching God, and Ema Brodber's Myal. Specifically, it considers the role that a dialogue between critical theory (post-colonial and feminist) and literary practice can play in the evaluation of two distinct conceptions of cultural difference: identity politics, understood as positing an essential binaristic difference between an ethnic or gendered Self and Other, and hybridity theory, which conceives of Self and Other as mutually constitutive and inescapably interconnected. While this thesis demonstrates some of the ways in which hybridity theory can revise and expand contemporary critical readings of the novels under study, it also demonstrates how literature can problematize the universalizing claims of both hybridity theory and identity politics, thus stressing the importance of sociohistorical and literary/narrative contexts to the evaluation of strategies of resistance to colonial and/or patriarchal regimes. After an introductory chapter dealing with questions of theory, three subsequent chapters discuss themes of hybridity and cultural separatism in the novels by Ngugi, Hurston, and Brodber, respectively. Each of these latter chapters involves a detailed analysis of the colonial and/or patriarchal discourses represented in the particular novel or novels under study. These analyses include discussions of some of the ways in which dominant discourses attempt to co-opt cultural difference and impede equitable intercultural hybridizing exchange by polarizing Self and Other in a binaristic economy. Each chapter also considers the presence of internal contradictions in dominant discourses and the implications of such contradictions for a revolutionary politics. On the basis of these discussions, this thesis considers the relative efficacy of hybridity and identity politics as strategies of resistance, demonstrating that different contexts call for different approaches to revolutionary theory and practice. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Littérature africaine d'expression anglaise : Cergy-Pontoise : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p.284-293. Index.

Thesis (PhD (English))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis undertakes a comparative examination of South African and Kenyan auto/biographical narratives of crime and imprisonment. Although some attention is paid to narratives of political imprisonment, the study focuses primarily on autobiographical accounts by criminals, confessional narratives, popular fiction about crime and prison experience, and journalistic accounts of prison life. There is very little critical work at this moment that refers to these forms of prison writing in South Africa and Kenya. Popular prison narratives and to a certain extent the autobiographical in general are characterised by an under-theorised dialecticism. As academic concepts, both the popular and the autobiographical form are characterised by an unstable duality. While the popular has been theorised as being both a field of resistance to power and of consent to its demands, the autobiographical occupies a similar precariously divided position, in this case between fact and fiction, a place where the „I‟ that narrates is simultaneously the subject and object of the narrative. In examining an eclectic body of texts that share the prison as common denominator, my study problematises the tension between self and world, popular and canonical, political and criminal, factual and fictional. In both settings, South Africa and Kenya, the prison as a material and discursive space does not only mirror society but effects shifts and changes in society, and becomes a space of dynamic adaptation and also a locus that disturbs certain hegemonic relations. The way in which the experience of prison opens up to a fundamentally unsettling ambiguity resonates with the ambivalence that characterises both autobiography as genre and the popular as a theoretical concept. My thesis argues that during the entire historical period covered by the narratives that I examine there is a certain excess that attends on the social production of criminality and the practice of imprisonment, both as material realities and as discursive concepts, which allows them to have a haunting effect both on individuals‟ notions of „the self‟ and the constitution of national identities and nationhoods. I argue that the distinction between the colonial and the postcolonial prison is hazy. Therefore a comparative study of Kenyan and South African prison literature helps us understand how modern prisons and notions of criminality in contemporary Africa are intertwined with the broad European colonial project, reflecting larger issues of state power and control over the populace. In relation to South Africa, my study begins with Ruth First‟s 117 Days (1963), and makes a selection of other prisons narratives throughout the apartheid era up to the post-apartheid period which was ushered in by Mandela‟s Long Walk to Freedom (1994). Moving beyond Mandela, I examine other forms of South African crime and prison narratives which have emerged since the publication of Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela‟s A Human Being Died that Night (2003) and Jonny Steinberg‟s The Number (2004). In Kenya, I begin with Ngugi wa Thiongo‟s Detained (1981). I then focus on popular narratives of crime and imprisonment which began with the publication of John Kiriamiti‟s My Life in Crime (1984) up to the first decade of the 21st century, marked yet again by the publication of Kiriamiti‟s My Life in Prison (2004). Besides Kiriamiti‟s two narratives, the other Kenyan texts which I examine are John Kiggia Kimani‟s Life and Times of a Bank Robber (1988) and Prison is not a Holiday Camp (1994), Benjamin Garth Bundeh‟s Birds of Kamiti (1991), and Charles Githae‟s, Comrade Inmate (1994). / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: My proefskrif onderneem ‟n vergelykende studie van Suid-Afrikaanse en Keniaanse auto/biografiese narratiewe van misdaad en gevangeneskap. Hoewel aandag tot ‟n mate geskenk word aan verhale van politieke gevangeneskap, is die primêre fokus van die studie eerder op autobiografiese narratiewe deur misdadigers, konfessionele narratiewe, populêre fiksie met betrekking tot misdaad en gevangenis-ondervindinge, sowel as joernalistieke verslae oor gevangenes se lewens agter tralies. Min kritiese werk is tot dusver in verband met hierdie vorme van gevangenis-narratiewe in Suid-Afrika en Kenia gedoen. Populêre prisoniers-narratiewe, en tot ‟n mate autobiografieë oor die algemeen, word deur ‟n onder-geteoriseerde dialektisisme gekenmerk. As akademiese konsepte word beide die populêre en die autobiografiese vorme deur ‟n onstabiele dualisme gekenmerk. Terwyl die populêre tipe geteoretiseer word as sowel ‟n vorm van weerstand teen mag as van toegee daaraan, word aan die autobiografiese tipe ‟n soortgelyke onstabiele, verdeelde rol toegeskryf – in hierdie geval, tussen feitelikheid en fiksie, ‟n plek waar die “ek” wat vertel terselfdertyd die subjek en objek van die verhaal is. Deur middel van ‟n eklektiese versameling van tekste wat die gevangenis as verwysingspunt deel, problematiseer my verhandeling die spanning tussen self en wêreld, die populêre en die gekanoniseerde, die politieke en die kriminele, die feitelike en die fiktiewe. In beide kontekste, Suid-Afrika en Kenia, weerspieël die gevangenis as diskursiewe spasie nie alleenlik die gemeenskapsomgewing nie, maar veroorsaak dit ook veranderings en verskuiwings in die gemeenskap – sodoende word die gevangenis self ‟n ruimte van dinamiese verandering en ‟n plek wat sekere hegemoniese verhoudings versteur. Die manier waarop die ondervinding van gevangeneskap lei tot ‟n fundamentele versteurende dubbelsinningheid resoneer met die dubbelsinnigheid wat beide die autobiografiese as genre en die populêre as teoretiese konsep karakteriseer. My tesis voer aan dat, gedurende die ganse historiese tydperk wat gedek word deur die narratiewe wat ek hier betrag, daar ‟n sekere oormaat is wat die sosiale produksie van misdaad en die toepassing van gevangesetting begelei, beide as stoflike werklikhede en as diskursiewe konsepte, wat hulle toelaat om ‟n kwellende effek uit te oefen beide of individuele mense se sin van „self‟ en die samestelling van nasionale identiteite en nasionaliteite. Ek voer aan dat die onderskeid tussen die koloniale en die postkoloniale gevangenis onduidelik is, en dat ‟n vergelykende studie van Keniaanse en Suid-Afrikaanse gevangenes-narratiewe ons dus help om te verstaan hoe moderne tronke en idees oor misdaad in Afrika deureengevleg is met die breë Europese koloniale projek, en groter kwessies van staatsmag en beheer oor die bevolking weerspieël. In Suid Afrika begin my studie met Ruth First se 117 Days (1963), en maak dan ‟n seleksie van ander gevangenes-narratiewe van die apartheid-era tot en met die post-apartheid oomblik wat deur Mandela se Long Walk to Freedom ingelui word. Ek vestig dan my aandag op ander vorme van Suid-Afrikaanse misdaad- en gevangenes-narratiewe wat sedert die publikasie van Pumla Gobodo-Madikizela se A Human Being Died that Night (2003) en Jonny Steinberg se The Number (2004) verskyn het. In Kenia begin ek met Ngugi wa Thiongo se Detained (1981), en kyk dan ten slotte na populêre narratiewe van misdaad en gevangeneskap wat hulle aanvang vind met die publikasie van John Kiriamiti se My Life in Crime (1984) tot en met die eerste dekade van die 21ste eeu, nogmaals gemerk deur die publikasie van Kiriamiti se My Life in Prison (2004).